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- All HBS Web (305)
- Faculty Publications (105)
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- Article
Exposure to Harmful Workplace Practices Could Account for Inequality in Life Spans Across Different Demographic Groups
By: Joel Goh, Jeffrey Pfeffer and Stefanos A. Zenios
The existence of important socioeconomic disparities in health and mortality is a well-established fact. Many pathways have been adduced to explain inequality in life spans. In this article we examine one factor that has been somewhat neglected: people with different... View Details
Goh, Joel, Jeffrey Pfeffer, and Stefanos A. Zenios. "Exposure to Harmful Workplace Practices Could Account for Inequality in Life Spans Across Different Demographic Groups." Health Affairs 34, no. 10 (October 2015): 1761–1768.
- Article
The Relationship Between Workplace Stressors and Mortality and Health Costs in the United States
By: Joel Goh, Jeffrey Pfeffer and Stefanos A. Zenios
Even though epidemiological evidence links specific workplace stressors to health outcomes, the aggregate contribution of these factors to overall mortality and health spending in the United States is not known. In this paper, we build a model to estimate the excess... View Details
Goh, Joel, Jeffrey Pfeffer, and Stefanos A. Zenios. "The Relationship Between Workplace Stressors and Mortality and Health Costs in the United States." Management Science 62, no. 2 (February 2016): 608–628.
- Article
A Career Life-Cycle Perspective on Women's Health and Safety
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Chizoba L. Chukwura, Gregory H. Gorman, Vivian S. Lee, Chester B. Good, Kathleen L. Martin, Gregory A. Ator and Michael D. Parkinson
Women's health has demanded more attention from employers as women integrated into the workforce. Traditionally male-dominant fields and occupations require special attention to workplace design, physical standards for entry, employment practices, equipment, and health... View Details
Keywords: Women's Health; Healthcare Access; Workplace Design; Military Health System; Occupational Health; Medical Equipment ＆ Devices; Employees; Gender; Personal Development and Career
Kaplan, Robert S., Chizoba L. Chukwura, Gregory H. Gorman, Vivian S. Lee, Chester B. Good, Kathleen L. Martin, Gregory A. Ator, and Michael D. Parkinson. "A Career Life-Cycle Perspective on Women's Health and Safety." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 64, no. 4 (April 2022): 267–270.
- May–June 2013
- Article
Can Global Brands Create Just Supply Chains? Response: Promoting Political Mobilization
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Codes of conduct indicate that working conditions are improving overall at the factories being monitored by multinational corporations, and that these codes of conduct also create possibilities for political mobilization that can improve labor conditions more broadly. View Details
Keywords: Regulation; Auditing; Labor Relations; Occupational Safety; Environmental Operations; Environmental Regulation; Employees; Labor; Labor and Management Relations; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Manufacturing Industry; China; Bangladesh; India; Honduras; Nicaragua; Pakistan; Guatemala; Malaysia; Viet Nam
Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Can Global Brands Create Just Supply Chains? Response: Promoting Political Mobilization." Boston Review 38, no. 3 (May–June 2013).
- January–February 2023
- Article
Triadic Advocacy Work
By: Summer R. Jackson and Katherine C. Kellogg
Scholars of street-level bureaucracy and institutional research focus primarily on the relationships between advocates and their larger bureaucratic and social systems, assuming that advocates have little need to satisfy their beneficiaries. We find otherwise in our... View Details
Keywords: Occupations And Professions; Ethnography; Power And Politics; Work And Organizations; Advocacy; Public Management; Justice
Jackson, Summer R., and Katherine C. Kellogg. "Triadic Advocacy Work." Organization Science 34, no. 1 (January–February 2023): 456–483.
- February 26, 2024
- Article
Making Workplaces Safer Through Machine Learning
By: Matthew S. Johnson, David I. Levine and Michael W. Toffel
Machine learning algorithms can dramatically improve regulatory effectiveness. This short article describes the authors' scholarly work that shows how the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) could have reduced nearly twice as many occupational... View Details
Keywords: Government Experimentation; Auditing; Inspection; Evaluation; Process Improvement; Government Administration; AI and Machine Learning; Safety; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Johnson, Matthew S., David I. Levine, and Michael W. Toffel. "Making Workplaces Safer Through Machine Learning." Regulatory Review (February 26, 2024).
- 12 Sep 2012
- Research & Ideas
The Unexpected Link Between Cadavers and Careers
occupations are more likely to bequeath their corpses to medical research than those in male-dominated occupations. “There's a lot of discussion in the field of donation on how to morally increase the supply.” The finding is important... View Details
- 01 Jul 2008
- First Look
First Look: July 1, 2008
Jobs Might Be Offshorable?" Authors:Troy Smith and Jan W. Rivkin Abstract In a 2007 working paper, Alan Blinder assessed the "offshorability" of hundreds of U.S. occupations and estimated that between 22% and 29% of all... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
- 2017
- Report
Room to Grow: Identifying New Frontiers for Apprenticeships
By: Joseph B. Fuller and Matthew Sigelman
In the United States, apprentices are employed in just 27 occupations, mostly in skilled, physical trades. An analysis of job postings data shows that extending apprenticeships to more occupations provides an opportunity to expand employment and close the middle skills... View Details
Keywords: Employment; Training; Competency and Skills; Personal Development and Career; United States
Fuller, Joseph B., and Matthew Sigelman. "Room to Grow: Identifying New Frontiers for Apprenticeships." Report, November 2017. (Published by Burning Glass Technologies and Harvard Business School, Managing the Future of Work.)
- April 2023
- Article
Racial Inequality in Work Environments
By: Letian Zhang
This article explores racial stratification in work environments. Inequality scholars have long identified racial disparities in wage and occupational attainment, but workers’ careers and well-being are also shaped by elements of their work environment, including firm... View Details
Keywords: Discrimination; Race; Equality and Inequality; Working Conditions; Personal Development and Career; Organizational Culture
Zhang, Letian. "Racial Inequality in Work Environments." American Sociological Review 88, no. 2 (April 2023): 252–283.
- July 1991 (Revised May 1993)
- Case
Fairfield Inn (B)
By: James L. Heskett
The manager of a Fairfield Inn located near a family entertainment center is requesting special consideration for a falling quality rating caused, in his opinion, by unusually high occupancy rates at his unit. The case raises questions about quality measurement,... View Details
Keywords: Entertainment; Measurement and Metrics; Performance Consistency; Quality; Strategy; Accommodations Industry
Heskett, James L. "Fairfield Inn (B)." Harvard Business School Case 692-005, July 1991. (Revised May 1993.)
- December 2003 (Revised March 2005)
- Background Note
Who is a Professional?
By: Ashish Nanda
Many occupations lay claim to professional status. Business executives, social workers, musicians, sportsmen, and academics describe their occupations as "professions". Office assistants call themselves "administrative professionals". Obviously, not all occupations... View Details
Nanda, Ashish. "Who is a Professional?" Harvard Business School Background Note 904-047, December 2003. (Revised March 2005.)
- Article
Individuals' Decision to Co-Donate or Donate Alone: An Archival Study of Married Whole Body Donors in Hawaii
By: Michel Anteby, Filiz Garip, Paul V. Martorana and Scott Lozanoff
Background: Human cadavers are crucial to numerous aspects of health care, including initial and continuing training of medical doctors and advancement of medical research. Concerns have periodically been raised about the limited number of whole body... View Details
Keywords: Decisions; Health Care and Treatment; Personal Characteristics; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Health Industry; Hawaii
Anteby, Michel, Filiz Garip, Paul V. Martorana, and Scott Lozanoff. "Individuals' Decision to Co-Donate or Donate Alone: An Archival Study of Married Whole Body Donors in Hawaii." PLoS ONE 7, no. 8 (August 2012). (e42673. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042673.)
- 2021
- Working Paper
Digital Labor Market Inequality and the Decline of IT Exceptionalism
By: Ruiqing Cao and Shane Greenstein
Several decades of expansion in digital communications, web commerce, and online distribution have altered regional IT labor market returns in the United States. IT occupations experienced similar wage growth as STEM occupations involving IT-related work activities,... View Details
Cao, Ruiqing, and Shane Greenstein. "Digital Labor Market Inequality and the Decline of IT Exceptionalism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-019, August 2020. (Revised January 2021. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 21-015, August 2020)
- Research Summary
Overview
I am an ethnographer and field researcher studying how people experience and interpret their work and cultural contexts, as well as how this shapes inequality and organizational outcomes like normative control. I specialize in utilizing in-depth, inductive field... View Details
- Article
The Radical Flank Effect and Cross-occupational Collaboration for Technology Development during a Power Shift
By: Emily Truelove and Katherine C. Kellogg
This 12-month ethnographic study of an early entrant into the U.S. car-sharing industry demonstrates that when an organization shifts its focus from developing radical new technology to incrementally improving this technology, the shift may spark an internal power... View Details
Keywords: Groups and Teams; Conflict and Resolution; Power and Influence; Perception; Behavior; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
Truelove, Emily, and Katherine C. Kellogg. "The Radical Flank Effect and Cross-occupational Collaboration for Technology Development during a Power Shift." Administrative Science Quarterly 61, no. 4 (December 2016): 662–701.
- 2022
- White Paper
The Emerging Degree Reset: How the Shift to Skills-Based Hiring Holds the Keys to Growing the U.S. Workforce at a Time of Talent Shortage
By: Joseph B. Fuller, Christina Langer, Julia Nitschke, Layla O'Kane, Matthew Sigelman and Bledi Taska
Employers are resetting degree requirements in a wide range of roles, dropping the requirement for a bachelor’s degree in many middle-skill and even some higher-skill roles. This reverses a trend toward degree inflation in job postings going back to the Great... View Details
Keywords: Skills; Workforce; Talent; Human Resource Management; Selection and Staffing; Competency and Skills; Talent and Talent Management; Human Resources
Fuller, Joseph B., Christina Langer, Julia Nitschke, Layla O'Kane, Matthew Sigelman, and Bledi Taska. "The Emerging Degree Reset: How the Shift to Skills-Based Hiring Holds the Keys to Growing the U.S. Workforce at a Time of Talent Shortage." White Paper, Burning Glass Institute, February 2022.
- Research Summary
Overview
My research examines how companies manage environmental issues, occupational safety, and working conditions in global supply chains. More recently, I have also begun researching the drivers and implications of CEO activism, where organizational leaders speak out on... View Details
Keywords: Environmental Performance; Environmental Strategy; Labor Management; Transparency; Institutional Theory; Economic Analysis; Quality Improvement; Operations Management; Supply Chain; Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Safety; Quality; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Pollution; Environmental Management; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Manufacturing Industry; Construction Industry; Asia; Europe; United States
- July 1991 (Revised May 1995)
- Case
Work: Craft and Factory in Nineteenth-Century America
Illustrates conditions of work for two types of 19th-century workers: an itinerant craftsman and New England textile factory "operatives," most of whom were women. The contrast is between freedom and geographical and occupational mobility for the craftsman, versus... View Details
McCraw, Thomas K. "Work: Craft and Factory in Nineteenth-Century America." Harvard Business School Case 391-264, July 1991. (Revised May 1995.)
- March 1979 (Revised November 1980)
- Case
Beth Israel Hospital, Boston
The hospital is reviewing its obstetrical services and trying to decide on future strategy relative to communications, pricing and service characteristics. Important environmental trends include increasing government health regulation, a declining birth rate, more... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Marketing Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Medical Specialties; Health Industry; Boston
Lovelock, Christopher H. "Beth Israel Hospital, Boston." Harvard Business School Case 579-180, March 1979. (Revised November 1980.)