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Publications

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    • Faculty Publications  (39)

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    • All HBS Web  (252)
      • Faculty Publications  (39)

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      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      Modularity and Organizations

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Modularity describes the degree to which a complex system can be broken apart into subunits (modules) that can be recombined in various ways. Modularity is important for organizations and the economy because the boundaries of organizational units and corporations are... View Details
      Keywords: Complex Systems; Information Hiding; Loosely-coupled Systems; Mirroring; Mirroring Hypothesis; Modules; Modularity; Near-decomposable Systems; Product Architecture; Option Value; Organizational Design; Complexity
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Modularity and Organizations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-046, November 2012. (To appear in the Elsevier International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition; available on request to the author.)
      • Article

      Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis

      By: Alan MacCormack, Carliss Y. Baldwin and John Rusnak
      A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that the organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are... View Details
      Keywords: Organization Design; Architecture; Modularity; Open Source Software; Communication; Design; Governance; Management Practices and Processes; Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Structure; Performance; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Software
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      MacCormack, Alan, Carliss Y. Baldwin, and John Rusnak. "Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis." Research Policy 41, no. 8 (October 2012): 1309–1324.
      • February 2012
      • Article

      Management Practices across Firms and Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      For the last decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management data on over 10,000 organizations across 20 countries. On average, we find that in manufacturing American, Japanese, and German firms are the best... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Competency and Skills; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Organizations; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Sectors; Performance; Business and Shareholder Relations; Private Equity; Multinational Firms and Management; United States; Germany; Japan; China; India
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Management Practices across Firms and Countries." Academy of Management Perspectives 26, no. 1 (February 2012): 12–33.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      Management Practices Across Firms and Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      For the last decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management data on over 10,000 organizations across 20 countries. On average, we find that in manufacturing, American, Japanese, and German firms are the best... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Business Ventures; Public Sector; Private Sector; Country; Performance; Motivation and Incentives
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Management Practices Across Firms and Countries." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-052, December 2011.
      • Jun 2011
      • Conference Presentation

      A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis." Paper presented at the Industry Studies Association Annual Conference, June 2011.
      • December 2010
      • Background Note

      Risk and Reward in Venture Capital

      By: William A. Sahlman
      This note describes the payoff structure of investment in individual venture capital–backed companies and in venture capital portfolios. Venture Capital investments are characterized by high failure rate (0ver 50%) and a small number of given successes (greater than... View Details
      Keywords: Capital Markets; Venture Capital; Investment Return; Investment Portfolio; Analytics and Data Science; Failure; Performance; Information Technology
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      Sahlman, William A. "Risk and Reward in Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Background Note 811-036, December 2010.
      • June 2010
      • Article

      Change for Change's Sake

      By: Freek Vermeulen, Phanish Puranam and Ranjay Gulati
      No one disputes that firms have to make organizational changes when the business environment demands them. But the idea that a firm might want change for its own sake often provokes skepticism. Why inflict all that pain if you don't have to? That is a dangerous... View Details
      Keywords: Interpersonal Communication; Innovation and Invention; Leading Change; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Structure; Creativity; Power and Influence; Adaptation
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      Vermeulen, Freek, Phanish Puranam, and Ranjay Gulati. "Change for Change's Sake." Harvard Business Review 88, no. 6 (June 2010).
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The mirroring hypothesis predicts that the organizational patterns of a development project (e.g. communication links, geographic collocation, team and firm co-membership) will correspond to the technical patterns of dependency in the system under development. Scholars... View Details
      Keywords: Infrastructure; Product Design; Organizational Design; Practice; Groups and Teams; Social and Collaborative Networks; Information Technology
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-058, January 2010. (Revised June 2010.)
      • November – December 2008
      • Article

      Holding a Mirror up to Marketing

      By: John A. Quelch and Katherine Jocz
      The Dove campaign addressed a common concern that crossed cultural boundaries. Confronted by standard visual stereotypes of beauty in the global media, many young women develop self-image and self-esteem problems. The Dove Real Beauty campaign rejected these narrow... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Advertising Campaigns; Welfare; Diversity; Emotions; Government and Politics
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      Quelch, John A., and Katherine Jocz. "Holding a Mirror up to Marketing." Marketing Management 17, no. 6 (November–December 2008): 16–21.
      • April 2008
      • Case

      Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant: Motivating in Good Times and Bad

      By: Michael Beer and Elizabeth Collins
      In May 2007, the Engstrom Auto Mirrors plant, a relatively small supplier based in Indiana, faces a crisis. The business was in the second year of a downturn. Sales had started to decline in 2005; a year later, plant manager Ron Bent had been forced to lay off more... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Human Resource Management; Incentives; Motivation; Manufacturing; Leadership; Change Management; Employees; Motivation and Incentives; Goals and Objectives; Manufacturing Industry; Indiana
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      Beer, Michael, and Elizabeth Collins. "Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant: Motivating in Good Times and Bad." Harvard Business School Brief Case 082-175, April 2008.
      • April 2008
      • Teaching Note

      Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant: Motivating in Good Times and Bad (Brief Case)

      By: Michael Beer and Elizabeth Collins
      Teaching note for case # 2175 View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Human Resource Management; Incentives; Motivation; Manufacturing; Motivation and Incentives; Leadership; Change Management; Production; Organizations; Human Resources; Manufacturing Industry
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      Beer, Michael, and Elizabeth Collins. "Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant: Motivating in Good Times and Bad (Brief Case)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 082-176, April 2008.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis

      By: Alan D. MacCormack, John Rusnak and Carliss Y. Baldwin
      A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that this organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are... View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Performance Effectiveness; Information Technology Industry
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      MacCormack, Alan D., John Rusnak, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-039, March 2008. (Revised October 2008, January 2011.)
      • July 2005 (Revised July 2006)
      • Case

      Icebreaker: The US Entry Decision

      By: Joseph B. Lassiter III and Dan Heath
      Jeremy Moon, CEO of Icebreaker, merino wool, outdoor apparel manufacturer, believed the company could be a big hit in the United States, despite the presence of entrenched rivals. But Icebreaker clearly needed a new distribution approach. One option was to position... View Details
      Keywords: Market Entry and Exit; Distribution Channels; Product Launch; Product Development; Brands and Branding; Manufacturing Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Retail Industry; New Zealand; United States
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      Lassiter, Joseph B., III, and Dan Heath. "Icebreaker: The US Entry Decision." Harvard Business School Case 806-006, July 2005. (Revised July 2006.)
      • April 2005 (Revised January 2006)
      • Case

      Protege Partners: The Capacity Challenge

      By: Randolph B. Cohen
      In February 2005, Jeffrey Tarrant (HBS '85) and Ted Seides (HBS '99) considered their strategy for Protege Partners, founded in July 2002 as a fund of hedge funds (FOHF) specializing in small hedge funds. Protege's assets under management had grown to $1.1 billion, and... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business Growth and Maturation; Investment Funds; Financial Services Industry
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      Cohen, Randolph B., and Brian DeLacey. "Protege Partners: The Capacity Challenge." Harvard Business School Case 205-100, April 2005. (Revised January 2006.)
      • January 2002 (Revised April 2004)
      • Case

      Chapter Enrichment Program Teams at the American Red Cross (A)

      By: Jeffrey T. Polzer and Anita Williams Woolley
      The American Red Cross has a system for structuring, staffing, and leading teams to review its local chapters. Mirroring professional services firms that use teams to serve clients, this system provides detailed guidelines to increase individual team member's... View Details
      Keywords: Planning; Groups and Teams; Management Teams; Leadership; Organizational Structure
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      Polzer, Jeffrey T., and Anita Williams Woolley. "Chapter Enrichment Program Teams at the American Red Cross (A)." Harvard Business School Case 402-042, January 2002. (Revised April 2004.)
      • December 1998
      • Case

      Casto Travel

      By: Thomas J. DeLong and Susan Harmeling
      Maryles Casto had the vision to build the largest travel agency in Silicon Valley, mirroring the growth pattern of the entire area. In 1997 the travel business changed dramatically as airlines chose not to pay travel agencies the fees they once did. Simultaneously, the... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Finance; Internet and the Web; Change Management; Markets; Travel Industry
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      DeLong, Thomas J., and Susan Harmeling. "Casto Travel." Harvard Business School Case 899-120, December 1998.
      • December 1996
      • Background Note

      Financial Engineering and Tax Risk: The Case of Times Mirror PEPS

      By: Peter Tufano
      Provides general background on the taxation of corporate securities, and shows how the inconsistent taxation of functionally-similar securities can permit financial engineers to bear tax risk to earn positive returns. Designed to be used with Times Mirror Co. PEPS... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Taxation; Corporate Finance
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      Tufano, Peter, Robert Santangelo, and Cameron Poetzscher. "Financial Engineering and Tax Risk: The Case of Times Mirror PEPS." Harvard Business School Background Note 297-056, December 1996.
      • November 1996 (Revised March 2001)
      • Case

      Sime Darby Berhad (A): 1995

      By: Tarun Khanna, Michael Y. Yoshino and Danielle J. Melito
      Sime Darby is one of South Asia's largest regional conglomerates. In 1995, it is contemplating entry into the fast-growing financial services sector in Malaysia through the acquisition of a Malaysian bank. This is in keeping with its activities mirroring those of the... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Business Conglomerates; Economy; Capital Markets; Emerging Markets; Business and Government Relations; Corporate Strategy; Value Creation; Financial Services Industry; Malaysia
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      Khanna, Tarun, Michael Y. Yoshino, and Danielle J. Melito. "Sime Darby Berhad (A): 1995." Harvard Business School Case 797-017, November 1996. (Revised March 2001.)
      • April 1996 (Revised January 2006)
      • Case

      Times Mirror Company PEPS Proposal Review

      By: Peter Tufano
      Times Mirror Co. (TMC) owns a substantial block of Netscape common stock purchased prior to Netscape's IPO, on which it has substantial unrealized gains. TMC is restricted from selling the stock in a public offering and is therefore considering a proposal by Morgan... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Stocks; Taxation; Corporate Finance; Telecommunications Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry; United States
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      Tufano, Peter, and Cameron Poetzscher. "Times Mirror Company PEPS Proposal Review." Harvard Business School Case 296-089, April 1996. (Revised January 2006.)
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