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  • May–June 2018
  • Article

What Most People Get Wrong about Men and Women: Research Shows the Sexes Aren't So Different

By: Catherine H. Tinsley and Robin J. Ely
Why have women failed to achieve parity with men in the workplace? Contrary to popular belief, it’s not because women prioritize their families over their careers, negotiate poorly, lack confidence, or are too risk averse. Meta-analyses of published studies show that... View Details
Keywords: Working Conditions; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Organizational Culture; Change Management
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  • 2024
  • Working Paper

Global Evidence on Gender Gaps and Generative AI

By: Nicholas G. Otis, Solène Delecourt, Katelynn Cranney and Rembrand Koning
Generative AI has the potential to transform productivity and reduce inequality, but only if used broadly. In this paper, we show that recently identified gender gaps in AI use are nearly universal. Synthesizing evidence from 16 studies that surveyed 100,000... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Technology Adoption; Behavior
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  • 2019
  • Article

An Empirical Study of Rich Subgroup Fairness for Machine Learning

By: Michael J Kearns, Seth Neel, Aaron Leon Roth and Zhiwei Steven Wu
Kearns et al. [2018] recently proposed a notion of rich subgroup fairness intended to bridge the gap between statistical and individual notions of fairness. Rich subgroup fairness picks a statistical fairness constraint (say, equalizing false positive rates across... View Details
Keywords: Machine Learning; Fairness; AI and Machine Learning
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  • Research Summary

Profitable Souls: Foreign Investment and the Fate of Human Rights

By: Debora L. Spar
This is a project about foreign investment, about what happens when big multinational firms invest in small, poor, and often nasty places. Typically, most observers assume that this is a largely negative relationship: that multinationals exploit the local population,... View Details
  • December 2004
  • Supplement

Basic Statistics from the World Bank's World Development Indicators, 2004

By: David A. Moss, Sarah A. Brennan and Peter Epstein
Provides basic economic and social indicators for 145 countries, drawn from the World Bank's World Development Indicators (2004). The data include: population, land area, GNP per capita, real GDP growth, life expectancy, adult illiteracy, fertility rate, access to... View Details
Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Wealth and Poverty; Standards; Economics; Society
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  • 26 Mar 2013
  • First Look

First Look: March 26

of employees. We show that employees rely on this information to increase access to credit for borrowers, provide more favorable pricing terms, and reduce the ex-post risk of their lending decisions. These effects remain even when this... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • Research Summary

Making Markets Work: An Executive Education Program for Africa

By: Debora L. Spar
In the last decades of the 20th century economic growth was distributed unevenly across the world. While some countries experienced sustained and unprecedented prosperity, others fell further and further behind. This widening gap was particularly evident in Africa,... View Details
  • 24 Jul 2012
  • First Look

First Look: July 24

gain access to valuable knowledge because a KR is universally and constantly available and can be used without social interaction. However, for it to serve this equalizing function, those on the periphery of... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • Article

Preventing Fairness Gerrymandering: Auditing and Learning for Subgroup Fairness

By: Michael J Kearns, Seth Neel, Aaron Leon Roth and Zhiwei Steven Wu
The most prevalent notions of fairness in machine learning are statistical definitions: they fix a small collection of pre-defined groups, and then ask for parity of some statistic of the classifier (like classification rate or false positive rate) across these groups.... View Details
Keywords: Machine Learning; Algorithms; Fairness; Mathematical Methods
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  • 10 Nov 2014
  • Working Paper Summaries

Crony Capitalism, American Style: What Are We Talking About Here?

Keywords: by Malcolm S. Salter
  • Article

Caste and Entrepreneurship in India

By: Lakshmi Iyer, Tarun Khanna and Ashutosh Varshney
It is now widely accepted that the lower castes have risen in Indian politics. Has there been a corresponding change in the economy? Using comprehensive data on enterprise ownership from the Economic Censuses of 1990, 1998, and 2005, we document substantial caste... View Details
Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Income; Entrepreneurship; Rank and Position; India
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  • 21 Sep 2010
  • First Look

First Look: September 21, 2010

perspective, we observed a surprising level of consensus: all demographic groups—even those not usually associated with wealth redistribution such as Republicans and the wealthy—desired a more equal distribution of wealth than the status... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 02 Jan 2024
  • Research & Ideas

10 Trends to Watch in 2024

The lightning-fast ascent of generative AI isn’t the only sea change on the horizon for businesses in the new year. The global economy is in flux as war, climate change, trade issues, and infrastructure problems demand attention. Many companies continue to struggle to... View Details
Keywords: by Rachel Layne
  • 17 Jul 2023
  • Research & Ideas

Money Isn’t Everything: The Dos and Don’ts of Motivating Employees

meaningful to the culture, like employee of the month plaques or sales awards. Companies should think about who they want to attract and design non-monetary awards around that goal. For instance, companies with a training culture could offer View Details
Keywords: by Avery Forman
  • June 2023
  • Article

The Salary Taboo: Privacy Norms and the Diffusion of Information

By: Zoë Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
The limited diffusion of salary information has implications for labor markets, such as wage discrimination policies and collective bargaining. Access to salary information is believed to be limited and unequal, but there is little direct evidence on the sources of... View Details
Keywords: Search Costs; Privacy; Norms; Compensation; Financial Industry; Field Experiment; Knowledge Dissemination; Equality and Inequality; Gender; Compensation and Benefits; Societal Protocols
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  • 31 Oct 2022
  • Research & Ideas

Why the Largest Minority Group Faces the Most Hate—and How to Push Back

According to Tabellini, white people fear losing status and access to public resources or jobs, as has long been posited in sociology and psychology literature. “When the minority group becomes larger, the majority group feels more... View Details
Keywords: by Pamela Reynolds
  • November 2022
  • Teaching Note

Proximie: Using XR Technology to Create Borderless Operating Rooms

By: Ariel D. Stern, Alpana Thapar and Menna Hassan
Founded by Nadine Hachach-Haram in 2016, Proximie was a digital medicine platform that used mixed reality and a host of digital audio and visual tools to enable clinicians, proctors, and medical device company personnel to be virtually present in operating rooms (ORs),... View Details
Keywords: Technological Innovation; Business Growth and Maturation; Growth and Development Strategy; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Decision Making; Health Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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  • 2022
  • Working Paper

Credit and the Family: The Economic Consequences of Closing the Credit Gap of U.S. Couples

By: Olivia S. Kim
Closing disparities in credit access between spouses can help reduce consumption inequality in the household. The 2013 reversal of the Truth-in-Lending Act increased the borrowing capacity of secondary earners in equitable-distribution states but not in... View Details
Keywords: Household; Credit; Equality and Inequality; Income; Policy; Family and Family Relationships
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  • March–April 2021
  • Article

Network-biased Technical Change: How Information Management Tools Overcome Some Biases but Exacerbate Others.

By: Gerald C. Kane and Lynn Wu
Organizations have long sought to improve employee performance by managing knowledge more effectively. In this paper, we test whether the adoption of digital tools for expertise search and access within an organization, often referred to as a support to an... View Details
Keywords: Digital Tools; Social Media; Social Networks; Transactive Memory Systems; Augmented Intelligence; Artificial Intelligence; Social and Collaborative Networks; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Technology Adoption; Knowledge Management; Performance Improvement; Power and Influence; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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  • 12 Apr 2016
  • First Look

April 12, 2016

By: Agrawal, Ajay, Christian Catalini, Avi Goldfarb, and Hong Luo Abstract—Traditional innovation models assume that new ideas are developed up to the point where the benefit of the marginal project is just equal to the cost. Because... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne

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