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- Research (2,190)
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- October 2014 (Revised December 2015)
- Background Note
China's Environmental Challenge
By: William C. Kirby, Nora Bynum, Erica M. Zendell and Brittany Crow
China faces enormous environmental challenges. This background note looks at the historical, economic and political origins of the environmental crisis that faces the world's fastest-growing economy. View Details
Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Globalized Economies and Regions; History; Crisis Management; Environmental Sustainability; China
Kirby, William C., Nora Bynum, Erica M. Zendell, and Brittany Crow. "China's Environmental Challenge." Harvard Business School Background Note 315-026, October 2014. (Revised December 2015.)
- December 2007
- Article
The Malleability of Environmentalism
By: Kimberly A. Wade-Benzoni, Min Li, Leigh L. Thompson and Max Bazerman
In this paper, we predict and find that self-perceptions of environmentalism are changed by subtle manipulations of context and, in turn, affect environmental behavior. In Study 1, we found that people exhibit greater positive assessments of their environmental... View Details
Keywords: Research; Environmental Sustainability; Behavior; Cognition and Thinking; Identity; Perception; Personal Characteristics
Wade-Benzoni, Kimberly A., Min Li, Leigh L. Thompson, and Max Bazerman. "The Malleability of Environmentalism." Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 7, no. 1 (December 2007).
- 2008
- Report
Survey Questionnaire on Environmental Management Practices: Summary of Results by Industry and Practices
By: Magali Delmas and Michael W. Toffel
This document provides a summary of the results of a survey on Environmental Management Practices (EMP) conducted by the University of California at Santa Barbara during October and November 2003. The survey was sent to 3255 facilities in 8 industrial sectors: pulp,... View Details
Keywords: Economic Sectors; Surveys; Management Practices and Processes; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Government Relations; Environmental Sustainability; Non-Governmental Organizations
Delmas, Magali, and Michael W. Toffel. "Survey Questionnaire on Environmental Management Practices: Summary of Results by Industry and Practices." Report, 2008. (2008. University of California, Institute for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Research.)
- 1993
- Book
Republic of the Marshall Islands: National Environmental Management Strategy
By: Martha Crawford
Crawford, Martha. Republic of the Marshall Islands: National Environmental Management Strategy. 2 vols. Apia, Western Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 1993. (Developed with the RMI National Taskforce on Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Asian Development Bank.)
- 2016
- Chapter
Ignore, Avoid, Abandon, and Embrace: What Drives Firm Responses to Environmental Regulation?
By: David F. Drake and Robin L. Just
A regulator's ability to incentivize environmental improvement among firms is vital in achieving long-term sustainability. However, firms can and do respond to environmental regulation in a variety of ways: complying with its intent; avoiding the regulation by... View Details
Keywords: Sustainability; Environmental Operations; Regulation; Cost vs Benefits; For-Profit Firms; Operations; Environmental Sustainability
Drake, David F., and Robin L. Just. "Ignore, Avoid, Abandon, and Embrace: What Drives Firm Responses to Environmental Regulation?" In Environmentally Responsible Supply Chains, edited by Atalay Atasu. New York: Springer, 2016.
- February 1994 (Revised August 1994)
- Background Note
Note on Contingent Environmental Liabilities
Addresses contingent environmental liabilities that are the result of unforeseen environmental risks where the dollar amount of such liabilities is unknown and depends on future events. In contrast, fines for violating environmental laws are liabilities, but are not... View Details
Keywords: Legal Liability; Risk Management; Natural Environment; Laws and Statutes; Pollutants; Governance Compliance; United States
Vietor, Richard H.K., and Forest L. Reinhardt. "Note on Contingent Environmental Liabilities." Harvard Business School Background Note 794-098, February 1994. (Revised August 1994.)
- March 22, 2016
- Article
The Globalization of Corporate Environmental Disclosure: Accountability or Greenwashing?
By: Christopher Marquis, Michael W. Toffel and Yanhua Zhou
This article is a layman summary of "Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing," published in Organization Science 27, no. 2 (March–April 2016): 483–504. View Details
Keywords: Reporting; Environmental Performance; Civil Society; Corporate Disclosure; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Civil Society or Community; Environmental Sustainability
Marquis, Christopher, Michael W. Toffel, and Yanhua Zhou. "The Globalization of Corporate Environmental Disclosure: Accountability or Greenwashing?" Work In Progress (American Sociological Association blog) (March 22, 2016). (Reprinted as Environmental disclosure: corporate accountability or greenwashing?” LSE Business Review, June 9, 2016.)
- 07 Oct 2011
- Working Paper Summaries
What Environmental Ratings Miss
Keywords: by Auden Schendler & Michael Toffel
- 25 May 2007
- Working Paper Summaries
Self-Regulatory Institutions for Solving Environmental Problems: Perspectives and Contributions from the Management Literature
Keywords: by Andrew King & Michael W. Toffel
- 2000
- Book
Down to Earth: Applying Business Principles to Environmental Management
By: F. L. Reinhardt
Reinhardt, F. L. Down to Earth: Applying Business Principles to Environmental Management. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000.
- 08 Sep 2008
- HBS Case
The Value of Environmental Activists
There are many methods, most financial, to measure the success of companies in meeting goals. But the question becomes a lot harder at Harvard Business School when MBAs are challenged to measure the efforts of environmental organizations like Greenpeace and the World... View Details
- June 2005 (Revised January 2007)
- Case
Equator Principles, The: An Industry Approach to Managing Environmental and Social Risks
By: Benjamin C. Esty, Carin-Isabel Knoop and Aldo Sesia
In June 2003, 10 leading international banks adopted new voluntary guidelines, called the Equator Principles, to promote sustainable development in project finance. In recent years, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) had raised issues about the lenders'... View Details
Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Competition; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Social Issues; Environmental Sustainability; Policy; Project Finance; Standards; Projects; Commercial Banking; Non-Governmental Organizations
Esty, Benjamin C., Carin-Isabel Knoop, and Aldo Sesia. "Equator Principles, The: An Industry Approach to Managing Environmental and Social Risks." Harvard Business School Case 205-114, June 2005. (Revised January 2007.)
- 2020
- Chapter
Luxury and Environmental Responsibility
By: Anat Keinan, Sandrine Crener and Dafna Goor
Luxury and sustainability are often perceived as incompatible and contradictory. However, as the concept of luxury and our understanding of conspicuous consumption are evolving and need to be revisited—from conspicuous to conscious consumption—the book chapter explores... View Details
Keinan, Anat, Sandrine Crener, and Dafna Goor. "Luxury and Environmental Responsibility." In Research Handbook on Luxury Branding, edited by Felicitas Morhart, Keith Wilcox, and Sandor Czellar, 300–323. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.
- 2022
- Article
Diffusing Management Practices within the Firm: The Role of Information Provision
By: Michael J. Lenox and Michael W. Toffel
Why are some firms more successful in adopting profitable environmental management practices than others? A key role of corporate managers is to encourage subsidiaries to adopt innovative practices. We examine the conditions under which corporate managers use... View Details
Keywords: Environmental Strategy; Information Provision; Environmental Management; Knowledge Dissemination
Lenox, Michael J., and Michael W. Toffel. "Diffusing Management Practices within the Firm: The Role of Information Provision." Art. 5911. Special Issue on Competitive Sustainability: The Intersection of Sustainability and Business Success. Sustainability 14, no. 10 (2022).
- July 1993 (Revised September 1995)
- Supplement
Block 16: Environmental Groups' Perspectives
By: Malcolm S. Salter and Susan E.A. Hall
Supplements Block 16: Conoco's Green Oil Strategy (A). Provides the environmental groups' perspective on Conoco's Ecuadorian strategy. Designed to be distributed to students who will be playing the role of Ecuadorian environmentalists. View Details
Keywords: Resource Allocation; Marketing Strategy; Natural Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Perspective; Corporate Strategy
Salter, Malcolm S., and Susan E.A. Hall. "Block 16: Environmental Groups' Perspectives." Harvard Business School Supplement 394-004, July 1993. (Revised September 1995.)
- November 1974 (Revised September 1984)
- Case
Environmental Pressures (B)
By: Norman A. Berg
Berg, Norman A. "Environmental Pressures (B)." Harvard Business School Case 375-127, November 1974. (Revised September 1984.)
- 1996
- Chapter
Environmental Degradation: Exploring the Rift Between Environmentally Benign Attitudes and Environmentally Destructive Behaviors
By: M. H. Bazerman, K. A. Wade-Benzoni and F. Benzoni
Bazerman, M. H., K. A. Wade-Benzoni, and F. Benzoni. "Environmental Degradation: Exploring the Rift Between Environmentally Benign Attitudes and Environmentally Destructive Behaviors." In Codes of Conduct: Behavioral Research into Business Ethics, edited by D. M. Messick and A. E. Tenbrunsel. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1996.
- Article
The Factor Environmental Ratings Miss
By: Auden Schendler and Michael W. Toffel
There's a problem with most major environmental rankings of businesses: too often, the ratings fail to incorporate advocacy activities that influence environmental regulation. View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Problems and Challenges; Rank and Position; Environmental Sustainability; Power and Influence
Schendler, Auden, and Michael W. Toffel. "The Factor Environmental Ratings Miss." MIT Sloan Management Review 53, no. 1 (Fall 2011): 17–18.
- June 2004 (Revised April 2005)
- Background Note
Environmental Law in Real Estate Transactions
By: Arthur I Segel, Jeff Mandelbaum and Armen Panossian
Summarizes several of the major federal environmental statutes, most notably the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA" or "Superfund"). Also discusses several state and local regulations. View Details
Segel, Arthur I., Jeff Mandelbaum, and Armen Panossian. "Environmental Law in Real Estate Transactions." Harvard Business School Background Note 804-185, June 2004. (Revised April 2005.)
- September 2011 (Revised February 2013)
- Case
Trucost: Valuing Corporate Environmental Impacts
By: Michael W. Toffel and Stephanie van Sice
Trucost provided corporate environmental performance data and analysis to institutional investors and corporate managers, but after operating for a decade had yet to achieve profitability. Trucost was struggling to effectively differentiate its high quality products... View Details
Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Distribution Channels; Investment; Measurement and Metrics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Information; Value; Environmental Sustainability; Financial Services Industry
Toffel, Michael W., and Stephanie van Sice. "Trucost: Valuing Corporate Environmental Impacts." Harvard Business School Case 612-025, September 2011. (Revised February 2013.)