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- All HBS Web (635)
- Faculty Publications (152)
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- All HBS Web (635)
- Faculty Publications (152)
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- 2017
- Article
The Energizing Nature of Work Engagement: Toward a New Need-Based Theory of Work Motivation
By: Paul Green, Eli Finkel, Grainne Fitzsimons and Francesca Gino
We present theory suggesting that experiences at work that meet employees’ expectations of need fulfillment drive work engagement. Employees have needs (e.g., a desire to be authentic) and they also have expectations for how their job or their organization will fulfill... View Details
Keywords: Needs; Motivation; Work Engagement; Disengagement; Authenticity; Self-Expression; Employees; Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Human Needs
Green, Paul, Eli Finkel, Grainne Fitzsimons, and Francesca Gino. "The Energizing Nature of Work Engagement: Toward a New Need-Based Theory of Work Motivation." Research in Organizational Behavior 37 (2017): 1–18.
- June 2025
- Article
Riding the Passion Wave or Fighting to Stay Afloat? A Theory of Differentiated Passion Contagion
By: Emma Frank, Kai Krautter, Wen Wu and Jon M. Jachimowicz
Prior research suggests that employees benefit from highly passionate teammates because passion spreads easily from one employee to the next. We develop theory to propose that life in high-passion teams may not be as uniformly advantageous as previously assumed. We... View Details
Keywords: Passion; Emotional Contagion; Emotions; Groups and Teams; Employees; Power and Influence; Performance Improvement
Frank, Emma, Kai Krautter, Wen Wu, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "Riding the Passion Wave or Fighting to Stay Afloat? A Theory of Differentiated Passion Contagion." Administrative Science Quarterly 70, no. 2 (June 2025): 444–495.
- 2001
- Article
From Guilford to Creative Synergy: Opening the Black Box of Team Level Creativity
By: T. R. Kurtzberg and T. M. Amabile
Previous research, from Guilford's founding tradition to more modern research on individual creativity and general group processes, falls short of adequately describing team-level creativity. Alhough researchers have addressed brainstorming in groups with mixed... View Details
Kurtzberg, T. R., and T. M. Amabile. "From Guilford to Creative Synergy: Opening the Black Box of Team Level Creativity." Special Issue on Commemorating Guilford's 1950 Presidential Address Creativity Research Journal 13, nos. 3/4 (2001).
- July 2006
- Article
Egocentric, Sociocentric, or Dyadic? Identifying the Appropriate Level of Analysis in the Study of Organizational Networks
By: Mark S. Mizruchi and Christopher Marquis
Mizruchi, Mark S., and Christopher Marquis. "Egocentric, Sociocentric, or Dyadic? Identifying the Appropriate Level of Analysis in the Study of Organizational Networks." Social Networks 28, no. 3 (July 2006): 187–208.
- March 2020
- Article
Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-family Narrative as a Social Defense Against 24/7 Work Culture
By: Irene Padavic, Robin J. Ely and Erin M. Reid
It is widely accepted that the conflict between women’s family obligations and professional jobs’ long hours lies at the heart of their stalled advancement. Yet research suggests that this “work-family narrative” is incomplete: men also experience it and nevertheless... View Details
Keywords: 24/7 Work Culture; Hegemonic Narrative; Social Defense; Work-family Conflict; Systems-psychodynamic Theory; Work-Life Balance; Personal Development and Career; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Organizational Culture
Padavic, Irene, Robin J. Ely, and Erin M. Reid. "Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-family Narrative as a Social Defense Against 24/7 Work Culture." Administrative Science Quarterly 65, no. 1 (March 2020): 61–111. (Winner, Rosabeth Moss Kanter Award for Excellence in Work-Family Research, 2021. Runner-up, Financial Times Responsible Business Education Award, Academic Research with Impact, 2021.)
- November 2024
- Article
On the Representativeness of Voter Turnout
By: Louis Kaplow and Scott Duke Kominers
Prominent theory research on voting analyzes a variety of models in which expected pivotality drives voters' turnout decisions and hence determines voting outcomes. It is recognized, however, that such work is at odds with Downs's paradox: in practice, many... View Details
Keywords: Voting Behavior; Voting Turnout; Paradox Of Voting; Pivotality; Elections; Model; Theory; Governance Transparency; Government; Democracy; Turnout; Voting; Governance; Government and Politics; Public Sector; Political Elections
Kaplow, Louis, and Scott Duke Kominers. "On the Representativeness of Voter Turnout." Journal of Law & Economics 67, no. 4 (November 2024): 879–904.
- 2016
- Working Paper
Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-Family Narrative as a Social Defense Against the 24/7 Work Culture
By: Irene Padavic, Robin J. Ely and Erin M. Reid
It is widely accepted that the conflict women experience between family obligations and professional jobs’ long hours lies at the heart of their stalled advancement. Yet research suggests that this “work-family narrative” is partial at best: men, too, experience... View Details
Keywords: 24/7 Work Culture; Hegemonic Narrative; Social Defense; Work-family Conflict; Systems Psychodynamic Theory; Work-Life Balance; Personal Development and Career; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Organizational Culture
Padavic, Irene, Robin J. Ely, and Erin M. Reid. "Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-Family Narrative as a Social Defense Against the 24/7 Work Culture." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-038, October 2016.
- March–April 2012
- Article
The Genesis and Dynamics of Organizational Networks
By: Gautam Ahuja, Guiseppe Soda and Akbar Zaheer
An extensive body of knowledge exists on network outcomes and on how network structures may contribute to the creation of outcomes at different levels of analysis, but less attention has been paid to understanding how and why organizational networks emerge, evolve, and... View Details
Keywords: Economic Sociology; Economics And Organization; Social Networks; Organization And Management Theory; Interorganizatonal Relationships; Networks; Strategy; Change
Ahuja, Gautam, Guiseppe Soda, and Akbar Zaheer. "The Genesis and Dynamics of Organizational Networks." Organization Science 23, no. 2 (March–April 2012): 434–448.
- Article
Multi-Echelon Inventory Management Under Short-Term Take-or-Pay Contracts
By: Joel Goh and Evan L. Porteus
We extend the Clark–Scarf serial multi-echelon inventory model to include procuring production inputs under short-term take-or-pay contracts at one or more stages. In each period, each such stage has the option to order/process at two different cost rates; the cheaper... View Details
Keywords: Inventory Management; Multi-echelon Inventory Theory; Karush Lemma; Clark-Scarf Model; Convex Ordering Cost; Advance Commitments; Supply Chain
Goh, Joel, and Evan L. Porteus. "Multi-Echelon Inventory Management Under Short-Term Take-or-Pay Contracts." Production and Operations Management 25, no. 8 (August 2016): 1415–1429. (Finalist for 2014 POMS College of Supply Chain Management Student Paper Award.)
- 2006
- Working Paper
Future Lock-In: Future Implementation Increases Selection of 'Should' Choices
By: Todd Rogers and Max H. Bazerman
People often experience tension over certain choices (e.g., they should reduce their gas consumption or increase their savings, but they do not want to). Some posit that this tension arises from the competing interests of a deliberative "should" self and... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Attitudes; Conflict and Resolution; Cognition and Thinking
Rogers, Todd, and Max H. Bazerman. "Future Lock-In: Future Implementation Increases Selection of 'Should' Choices." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-038, December 2006. (Revised May 2007, August 2007.)
- May 2008
- Journal Article
Future Lock-in: Future Implementation Increases Selection of 'Should' Choices
By: Todd Rogers and Max Bazerman
People often experience tension over certain choices (e.g., they should reduce their gas consumption or increase their savings, but they do not want to). Some posit that this tension arises from the competing interests of a deliberative “should” self and an affective... View Details
Rogers, Todd, and Max Bazerman. "Future Lock-in: Future Implementation Increases Selection of 'Should' Choices." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 106, no. 1 (May 2008): 1–20.
- November 2012
- Article
The Organization of Firms Across Countries
By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
We argue that social capital as proxied by trust increases aggregate productivity by affecting the organization of firms. To do this we collect new data on the decentralization of investment, hiring, production, and sales decisions from Corporate Headquarters to local... View Details
Keywords: Decentralization; Social Capital; Theory Of The Firm; Firm Objectives, Organization, And Behavior; Business Economics; Management Of Technological Innovation And R＆D; Technological Change: Choices And Consequences; Diffusion Processes; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Trust; Technology Adoption; Multinational Firms and Management
Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "The Organization of Firms Across Countries." Quarterly Journal of Economics 127, no. 4 (November 2012). (Slides from 2008, Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-005, August 2011.)
- Research Summary
Talent and Ownership on Corporate Boards
This research, with co-author Emilie Feldman, examines the performance of firms whose boards include directors with sizeable ownership stakes and relatively low levels of business experience. In contrast to theories that predict a strong... View Details
- September 2023
- Article
The Dynamics of Team Learning: Harmony and Rhythm in Teamwork Arrangements for Innovation
By: Jean-François Harvey, Johnathan R. Cromwell, Kevin J. Johnson and Amy C. Edmondson
Innovation teams must navigate inherent tensions between different learning activities to produce high levels of performance. Yet, we know little about how teams combine these activities—notably reflexive, experimental, vicarious, and contextual learning—most... View Details
Keywords: Groups and Teams; Learning; Performance Effectiveness; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
Harvey, Jean-François, Johnathan R. Cromwell, Kevin J. Johnson, and Amy C. Edmondson. "The Dynamics of Team Learning: Harmony and Rhythm in Teamwork Arrangements for Innovation." Administrative Science Quarterly 68, no. 3 (September 2023): 601–647.
- June 2010
- Article
What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns
By: Glenn Ellison, Edward Glaeser and William R. Kerr
Why do firms cluster near one another? We test Marshall's theories of industrial agglomeration by examining which industries locate near one another, or coagglomerate. We construct pairwise coagglomeration indices for US manufacturing industries from the Economic... View Details
Keywords: Production; Economics; Industry Clusters; Analytics and Data Science; Labor; Theory; Goods and Commodities; United States; United Kingdom
Ellison, Glenn, Edward Glaeser, and William R. Kerr. "What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns." American Economic Review 100, no. 3 (June 2010): 1195–1213.
- 16 Apr 2001
- Research & Ideas
Breaking the Code of Change
Two dramatically different approaches to organizational change are being employed in the world today, according to our observations, research, and experience. We call these Theory E and Theory O of change.... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Beer & Nitin Nohria
- Forthcoming
- Article
It Takes Two to Untangle: Illuminating How and Why Some Workplace Relationships Adapt While Others Deteriorate After a Workplace Microaggression
By: Summer R. Jackson and Basima A. Tewfik
Although scholars largely assume that workplace microaggressions negatively impact the work relationship between the target and the perpetrator, relational deterioration is not the only observable relational outcome. Indeed, there are instances of relational... View Details
Keywords: Employees; Interpersonal Communication; Motivation and Incentives; Relationships; Conflict and Resolution
Jackson, Summer R., and Basima A. Tewfik. "It Takes Two to Untangle: Illuminating How and Why Some Workplace Relationships Adapt While Others Deteriorate After a Workplace Microaggression." Academy of Management Review (forthcoming). (Pre-published online March 10, 2025.)
- December 2008
- Article
Corporate Governance and Agency Conflicts
By: Aiyesha Dey
I investigate whether corporate governance is associated with the level of agency conflicts in firms. I employ exploratory principal components analysis on 22 individual governance variables to obtain seven factors that represent the different dimensions of governance... View Details
Dey, Aiyesha. "Corporate Governance and Agency Conflicts." Journal of Accounting Research 46, no. 5 (December 2008): 1143–1181.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Investment as the Opportunity Cost of Dividend Signaling
By: Zach Kaplan and Gerardo Pérez Cavazos
We provide evidence that firms with weak investment opportunities (those whose current earnings justify a greater valuation than firms with strong investment opportunities) signal their permanent earnings level through their dividends. In the cross-section, we show... View Details
- Research Summary
Inflation Uncertainty and the Wage Bargain
Joint work with Hans-Joachim Voth, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona.
Trade unions often seem to behave in a more militant fashion when inflation rises. We provide the first theory as to why this should be so. We argue that uncertainty about the rate of inflation... View Details