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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (516)
      • Faculty Publications  (37)

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      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Signaling without Certification: The Critical Role of Civil Society Scrutiny

      By: Susan A. Kayser, John W. Maxwell and Michael W. Toffel
      In response to stakeholders' growing concerns, companies are joining voluntary environmental programs to signal their superior environmental management capabilities. In contrast to the literature's focus on certification programs that require a third-party audit, we... View Details
      Keywords: United Nations; Labor Standards; Supplier Relationship; Procurement; Sustainability; Sustainability Management; Quality And Safety; Risk; Globalization; Globalized Markets and Industries; Governance; Working Conditions; Supply Chain Management; Supply Chain; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Quality; Risk and Uncertainty; Safety; Reputation
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      Kayser, Susan A., John W. Maxwell, and Michael W. Toffel. "Signaling without Certification: The Critical Role of Civil Society Scrutiny." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-009, August 2014. (Revised July 2016.)
      • June 2014
      • Article

      Informal Peer Interaction and Practice Type as Predictors of Physician Performance on Maintenance of Certification Examinations

      By: Melissa A. Valentine, S. Barsade, Amy C. Edmondson, A. Gal and R. Rhodes
      Context: Physicians can demonstrate mastery of the knowledge that supports continued clinical competence by passing a Maintenance of Certification exam. Exam performance depends on professional learning and development, which may be enhanced by informal routine... View Details
      Keywords: Training; Health Care and Treatment; Performance; Social and Collaborative Networks; Learning; Health Industry
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      Valentine, Melissa A., S. Barsade, Amy C. Edmondson, A. Gal, and R. Rhodes. "Informal Peer Interaction and Practice Type as Predictors of Physician Performance on Maintenance of Certification Examinations." JAMA Surgery 149, no. 6 (June 2014): 597–603.
      • March 2014 (Revised September 2014)
      • Supplement

      Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (B)

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Natalie Kindred
      This case, a follow-up to Cancer Treatment Centers of America (A), HBS No. 313-012, begins with the debate over New Hampshire's certificate-of-need (CON) law, which restricts hospital expansion. This debate ignited significant public criticism of Cancer Treatment... View Details
      Keywords: Cancer; Cancer Treatment; Accountability; Outcomes; Outcomes Reporting; Outcomes Measurement; Survival; For-profit Hospitals; Health Care; Healthcare; Hospital; Certificate Of Need; Health Care and Treatment; Outcome or Result; Corporate Accountability; Policy; Health Industry; United States
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Natalie Kindred. "Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 314-003, March 2014. (Revised September 2014.)
      • Winter 2013
      • Article

      Fear of Rejection? Tiered Certification and Transparency

      By: Emmanuel Farhi, Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole
      The sub-prime crisis has shone a harsh spotlight on the practices of securities underwriters, which provided too many complex securities that proved to ultimately have little value. This uproar calls attention to the fact that the literature on intermediaries has... View Details
      Keywords: Debt Securities; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance
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      Farhi, Emmanuel, Josh Lerner, and Jean Tirole. "Fear of Rejection? Tiered Certification and Transparency." RAND Journal of Economics 44, no. 4 (Winter 2013): 610–631.
      • December 2011 (Revised November 2012)
      • Case

      Sustainable Tea at Unilever

      By: Rebecca M. Henderson and Frederik Nellemann
      Unilever's Lipton Tea had been successful with the first phase of its certification partnership with Rainforest Alliance. Now the company faced challenges in how to push forward with the transformation of more difficult parts of the supply chain and how to market... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Marketing; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry
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      Henderson, Rebecca M., and Frederik Nellemann. "Sustainable Tea at Unilever." Harvard Business School Case 712-438, December 2011. (Revised November 2012.)
      • 7 Jul 2010
      • Conference Presentation

      Research Perspectives on Operational Auditing and Certification

      By: Michael W. Toffel
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      Toffel, Michael W. "Research Perspectives on Operational Auditing and Certification." Independent Association of Accredited Registrars, Milwaukee, July 7, 2010.
      • June 2009 (Revised July 2010)
      • Case

      Goldman Sachs: The 10,000 Women Initiative

      By: Christopher Marquis, V. Kasturi Rangan and Cathy Ross
      Describes the conception, development, and implementation of Goldman Sachs' five-year, $100 million philanthropic initiative to provide practical business and management education to 10,000 women around the globe. The initiative recently celebrated its first... View Details
      Keywords: Partners and Partnerships; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business Education; Gender; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Financial Services Industry; Education Industry
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      Marquis, Christopher, V. Kasturi Rangan, and Cathy Ross. "Goldman Sachs: The 10,000 Women Initiative." Harvard Business School Case 509-042, June 2009. (Revised July 2010.)
      • 2009
      • Chapter

      Evaluating the Impact of SA8000 Certification

      By: Michael J. Hiscox, Claire Schwartz and Michael W. Toffel
      SA 8000, along with other types of certification standards and corporate codes of conduct, represents a new form of private governance of working conditions, initiated and implemented by companies, labor unions, and non-governmental activist groups. Whether these codes... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Working Conditions; Standards; Performance Evaluation
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      Hiscox, Michael J., Claire Schwartz, and Michael W. Toffel. "Evaluating the Impact of SA8000 Certification." In Social Accountability 8000: The First Decade -- Implementation, Influence, and Impact, edited by Deborah Leipziger. Greenleaf Publishing, 2009.
      • January 2009 (Revised October 2009)
      • Case

      GLOBALGAP: Food Safety and Private Standards

      By: David E. Bell and Mary Louise Shelman
      In response to new laws governing liability and several food safety scares in the 1990s, European retailers drove the creation of a universal production standard based on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for fresh fruit and vegetables and a third-party certification... View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Food; Governance Compliance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business and Government Relations; Safety; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe
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      Bell, David E., and Mary Louise Shelman. "GLOBALGAP: Food Safety and Private Standards." Harvard Business School Case 509-004, January 2009. (Revised October 2009.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Resolving Information Asymmetries in Markets: The Role of Certified Management Programs

      By: Michael W. Toffel
      Firms and regulators are increasingly relying on voluntary mechanisms to signal and infer quality of difficult-to-observe management practices. Prior evaluations of voluntary management programs have focused on those that lack verification mechanisms and have found... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Information; Standards; Performance Improvement; Programs; Environmental Sustainability; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Toffel, Michael W. "Resolving Information Asymmetries in Markets: The Role of Certified Management Programs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-023, December 2008. (October 2006.)
      • December 2007 (Revised February 2017)
      • Case

      Vegpro Group: Growing in Harmony

      By: David E. Bell, Brian Milder and Mary Shelman
      Vegpro, a horticulture company, is Kenya's largest exporter of fresh vegetables and flowers to top supermarkets in the U.K. and Europe. In 2007, Vegpro's business is threatened by growing consumer concern about the environmental impact of food production and transport,... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Satisfaction; Developing Countries and Economies; Ethics; Food; Growth and Development Strategy; Operations; Environmental Sustainability; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Kenya; Europe; United Kingdom
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      Bell, David E., Brian Milder, and Mary Shelman. "Vegpro Group: Growing in Harmony." Harvard Business School Case 508-001, December 2007. (Revised February 2017.)
      • Article

      Designing Sustainability at BMW Group: The Designworks/USA Experience

      By: Kellie McElhaney, Michael W. Toffel and Natalie Hill
      This case study describes how an industrial design company developed a sustainability management system (SMS) standard, designed and implemented an SMS throughout its business, and then became the first company in the world to achieve third-party SMS certification by a... View Details
      Keywords: Design; Governance Compliance; Management Practices and Processes; Standards; Environmental Sustainability; Auto Industry; United States
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      McElhaney, Kellie, Michael W. Toffel, and Natalie Hill. "Designing Sustainability at BMW Group: The Designworks/USA Experience." Greener Management International: The Journal of Corporate Environmental Strategy and Practice 46 (Summer 2004): 103–116.
      • January 2004 (Revised February 2004)
      • Case

      Evolution of Public Reputation of a Profession (A)

      By: Ashish Nanda
      This case explores how the public reputation of a profession evolves as its membership changes. The public reputation of a professional relies on its association's credibility for ensuring, through rigorous certification and self-regulation, that its members place... View Details
      Keywords: Conflict of Interests; Ethics; Organizations; Reputation
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      Nanda, Ashish. "Evolution of Public Reputation of a Profession (A)." Harvard Business School Case 904-052, January 2004. (Revised February 2004.)
      • January 2004 (Revised May 2004)
      • Background Note

      Professional Associations

      By: Ashish Nanda
      This case discusses why society grants professional associations the rights of certification and self-regulation. In exercising these rights, professional associations serve client interests but also the interest of member practitioners. The case discusses how... View Details
      Keywords: Governance; Conflict of Interests; Society
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      Nanda, Ashish. "Professional Associations." Harvard Business School Background Note 904-054, January 2004. (Revised May 2004.)
      • 2003
      • Article

      Developing a Management Systems Approach to Sustainability at BMW Group

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Natalie Hill and Kellie McElhaney
      This article describes how Designworks/USA, a subsidiary of BMW Group, developed a Sustainability Management System (SMS) by integrating the management of environmental, social, and traditional business issues. After several months of deploying the SMS throughout its... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Management Systems; Standards; Operations; Auto Industry
      Citation
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      Toffel, Michael W., Natalie Hill, and Kellie McElhaney. "Developing a Management Systems Approach to Sustainability at BMW Group." Corporate Environmental Strategy 10, no. 2 (2003).
      • November 2002 (Revised May 2006)
      • Case

      Forest Stewardship Council

      By: James E. Austin and Ezequiel Reficco
      In just a few years the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) made impressive progress toward its mission of promoting "environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world's forests." By 2001, 25.5 million hectares of forests in... View Details
      Keywords: Finance; Corporate Governance; Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Competitive Strategy
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      Austin, James E., and Ezequiel Reficco. "Forest Stewardship Council." Harvard Business School Case 303-047, November 2002. (Revised May 2006.)
      • Teaching Interest

      Strategic Financial Analysis

      By: Suraj Srinivasan

      In a competitive climate, how do some companies outperform others? Managers, consultants, analysts, and investors must understand financial analysis to answer that question and make strategic decisions that drive business profitability and... View Details

      Keywords: Strategic Change; Restructuring; Strategy
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