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  • All HBS Web  (19,765)
    • People  (82)
    • News  (7,624)
    • Research  (7,447)
    • Events  (109)
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  • Teaching Interest

Overview

Chu's teaching focuses on businesses providing goods and services to the emerging middle class and low-income sectors that constitute the market below the well-served top of the socio-economic pyramid. In developed countries such as the USA, this may be 40-50% of the... View Details
Keywords: Business At The Base Of The Pyramid; Emerging Markets; Low-income; Social Impact; Microfinance; Inclusive Finance; Impact Investing
  • 23 May 2014
  • Video

Business at the Base of the Pyramid: Michael Chu

  • January 2018
  • Technical Note

The Scope of Business at the Base of the Pyramid: Middle and Lower Income Countries

By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Tricia Gregg
Using World Bank data, the note defines the Base of the Pyramid population as the 4.76 billion people living on less than $10/day. It briefly reviews the perspectives of key business articles that address this market, notably C.K. Prahalad’s work on Bottom of the... View Details
Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Poverty; Social Issues; Human Needs; Segmentation
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Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Tricia Gregg. "The Scope of Business at the Base of the Pyramid: Middle and Lower Income Countries." Harvard Business School Technical Note 518-032, January 2018.
  • January 2018
  • Technical Note

Business at the Base of the Pyramid: Understanding Impact and Impact Evaluations

By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Tricia Gregg
Unlike financial success, there is no clear consensus regarding how best to define and measure social impact. This HBS Technical Note written for students of the HBS MBA course Business at the Base of the Pyramid (BBOP), offers readers pragmatic perspectives on how the... View Details
Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Social Issues; Value Creation; Human Needs; Performance Evaluation
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Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Tricia Gregg. "Business at the Base of the Pyramid: Understanding Impact and Impact Evaluations." Harvard Business School Technical Note 518-057, January 2018.
  • fall 2002
  • Article

The Great Leap: Driving Innovation from the Base of the Global Pyramid

By: Stuart L. Hart and Clayton M. Christensen
Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Global Range
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Hart, Stuart L., and Clayton M. Christensen. "The Great Leap: Driving Innovation from the Base of the Global Pyramid." MIT Sloan Management Review 44, no. 1 (fall 2002): 51–56.
  • September 2020 (Revised June 2021)
  • Case

Algramo

By: Michael Chu, Monica Silva and Mariana Cal
Founded in 2013 by José Manuel Moller in Chile, Algramo first became known for addressing the “poverty tax” (the surcharge paid by lower income families for staples sold in smaller sizes) through specially-designed dispensers in low-income neighborhood grocery stores... View Details
Keywords: Packaging-as-a-wallet; Plastic Waste; Business At The Base Of The Pyramid; Reusable Packaging; Alliances With FMCGs To Meet ESG Goals; Social Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Strategy; Value Creation; Goals and Objectives; Business Model; Consumer Products Industry; Latin America; South America; Chile
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Chu, Michael, Monica Silva, and Mariana Cal. "Algramo." Harvard Business School Case 321-079, September 2020. (Revised June 2021.)
  • 23 May 2014
  • Video

Business at the Base of the Pyramid: Kasturi "Kash" Ragan

  • January 2007 (Revised April 2011)
  • Case

Farmacias Similares: Private and Public Health Care for the Base of the Pyramid in Mexico

By: Michael Chu and Regina Garcia-Cuellar
Farmacias Similares, serving Mexico's low-income sector, grew to $600 million sales and 3,400 drugstores while deep reforms to help the poor swept the public health system. Adjacent to each store, for $2 per visit, medical clinics provided access to doctors for 2.3... View Details
Keywords: Private Sector; Public Sector; Health Care and Treatment; Growth and Development Strategy; Poverty; Pharmaceutical Industry; Retail Industry; Mexico
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Chu, Michael, and Regina Garcia-Cuellar. "Farmacias Similares: Private and Public Health Care for the Base of the Pyramid in Mexico." Harvard Business School Case 307-092, January 2007. (Revised April 2011.)
  • 2015
  • Working Paper

Service Quality, Inventory and Competition: An Empirical Analysis of Mobile Money Agents in Africa

By: Karthik Balasubramanian and David F. Drake
The use of electronic money transfer through cellular networks ("mobile money") is rapidly increasing in the developing world. The resulting electronic currency ecosystem could improve the lives of the estimated 2 billion people who live on less than $2 a day by... View Details
Keywords: Operations Strategy; Base Of The Pyramid; Mobile Money; Inventory Management; Competition; Currency; Service Operations; Mobile and Wireless Technology
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Balasubramanian, Karthik, and David F. Drake. "Service Quality, Inventory and Competition: An Empirical Analysis of Mobile Money Agents in Africa." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-059, January 2015. (Revised October 2015.)
  • 23 May 2014
  • Video

Business a the Base of the Pyramid: Shawn Cole

  • January 2018 (Revised February 2018)
  • Technical Note

The Scope of Business at the Base of the Pyramid: Poverty in the U.S. and Other OECD Countries

By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Tricia Gregg
Using data from U.S. Census and OECD, this note defines poverty as those populations who fall below 50% of that country’s median per capita income. It then provides a brief statistical tour of six key challenges facing such populations: Income and Jobs, Healthcare,... View Details
Keywords: Poverty; Social Issues; Problems and Challenges; Global Range
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Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Tricia Gregg. "The Scope of Business at the Base of the Pyramid: Poverty in the U.S. and Other OECD Countries." Harvard Business School Technical Note 518-037, January 2018. (Revised February 2018.)
  • 2011
  • Book

Capitalism at Risk: Rethinking the Role of Business

By: Joseph L. Bower, Herman B. Leonard and Lynn S. Paine
The spread of capitalism worldwide has made people wealthier than ever before. But capitalism's future is far from assured. The global financial meltdown of 2008 nearly triggered another Great Depression, economies in Europe are still teetering, and powerful... View Details
Keywords: Business And Society; Economic Systems; Economic Growth; Leading Change; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Business Strategy
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Bower, Joseph L., Herman B. Leonard, and Lynn S. Paine. Capitalism at Risk: Rethinking the Role of Business. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2011. (Published in Chinese as "Qi ye zai jing ji zhong de jue se," Beijing: China Machine Press, 2012. Published in Japanese as ハーバードが教える 10年後に生き残る会社、消える会社, Tokuma Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd., 2013.)
  • 31 Mar 2011
  • News

India Journal: Where’s the Upside at the Base of the Pyramid?

  • 01 Jun 2005
  • News

The Nature of Change

Shad (MBA ’49) in 1994, the year the class celebrated its 45th Reunion. In addition to featuring information such as the age of students View Details
Keywords: Julia Hanna; The Class the Dollars Fell On; case; capstone course; John Shad (MBA 1949); class of 49; Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; Educational Services
  • November 2018 (Revised June 2019)
  • Case

Universal Basic Income, Job Guarantees, or None of the Above?

By: William R. Kerr, Reilly Kiernan and Jordan Bach-Lombardo
How can policymakers and business leaders address AI and automation's potential for widespread labor market displacement? This case examines potential policy responses, looking closely at the United States' existing social safety net and the impacts of implementing... View Details
Keywords: UBI; Job Guarantee; Managing The Future Of Work; EITC; Employment; Labor; Social Issues; Income; Government and Politics; Policy; Problems and Challenges
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Kerr, William R., Reilly Kiernan, and Jordan Bach-Lombardo. "Universal Basic Income, Job Guarantees, or None of the Above?" Harvard Business School Case 819-035, November 2018. (Revised June 2019.)
  • 01 Dec 2004
  • News

Pyramid Scheme

(MBA ’03) told the Boston Globe (September 22, 2004). DuPlessie, who studied mechanical engineering at MIT, launched TOMB after gaining experience working on projects at Disney... View Details
Keywords: Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries; Arts, Entertainment
  • 01 Mar 2014
  • News

Ask the Expert: Taxing Questions

1960), former chief economist, Royal Bank of Canada, Canada The United States has the worst of all worlds: a relatively high marginal tax rate... View Details
Keywords: ask the expert; Finance
  • 01 Mar 2025
  • News

On The Case: The Base Factor

In her research as a marketing modeler, Professor Eva Ascarza focuses on understanding customers—and predicting, in particular, who will be a good one and how best to retain them. Without customers, obviously, there is no business. That could also be the tagline for... View Details
Keywords: Jen McFarland Flint

    Capitalism at Risk

    The spread of capitalism worldwide has made people wealthier than ever before and raised living standards to new heights. But capitalism’s future is far from assured. The global financial meltdown of 2008 came within a hair’s breadth of triggering another Great... View Details

    • September 2022
    • Article

    The Power and Limits of Expertise: Swiss–Swedish Linking of Vehicle Emission Standards in the 1970s and 1980s

    By: Mattias Näsman and Sabine Pitteloud
    Recent decades have witnessed increased public concern about vehicle emissions and growing frustration with political inaction and business preferences for the status quo. This article provides historical perspective on such regulatory dynamics by analyzing the Swiss... View Details
    Keywords: Business And The Environment; Business And Society; Emission Reduction; Automobiles; Standard Setting; Norm-enforcement; Regulation; Expertise; Experts; Business and Government Relations; Environmental Regulation; Standards; Auto Industry; Switzerland; Sweden
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    Näsman, Mattias, and Sabine Pitteloud. "The Power and Limits of Expertise: Swiss–Swedish Linking of Vehicle Emission Standards in the 1970s and 1980s." Business and Politics 24, no. 3 (September 2022): 241–260.
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