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- Faculty Publications (51)
- April 2012 (Revised May 2012)
- Case
Merck: Operating Science-Based Business
By: Ananth Raman, Inga Maurer and William Schmidt
Merck is known for its commitment to investing in basic R&D. Are Merck's long-term investments justifiable when the firm faces extreme earnings pressure? View Details
Keywords: Science-Based Business; Management; Research and Development; Business and Shareholder Relations; Operations; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
Raman, Ananth, Inga Maurer, and William Schmidt. "Merck: Operating Science-Based Business." Harvard Business School Case 612-082, April 2012. (Revised May 2012.)
- July 2011 (Revised August 2013)
- Background Note
Note on Evaluating Empirical Research
This note is intended to provide students with a basic understanding of how to evaluate empirical research papers. While reading both case studies and empirical research require close attention and scrutiny, evaluating empirical research requires a different... View Details
Norton, Michael I. "Note on Evaluating Empirical Research." Harvard Business School Background Note 512-019, July 2011. (Revised August 2013.)
- July 2011 (Revised January 2013)
- Case
Digital Microscopy Is Making Me Crazy!
By: Willy Shih
For Carl Zeiss Microimaging, modular hardware and software enabled customers to tailor Zeiss's broad range of microscopy systems hardware and software to meet a wide range of needs from basic scientific research in the biological and medical sciences to clinical... View Details
Keywords: Information Infrastructure; Applications and Software; Corporate Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Science-Based Business; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Business Conglomerates; Digital Platforms; Opportunities; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Computer Industry
Shih, Willy. "Digital Microscopy Is Making Me Crazy!" Harvard Business School Case 612-002, July 2011. (Revised January 2013.)
- May 2011
- Article
The Best Way to Name Your Product 2.0
By: Marco Bertini, John Gourville and Elie Ofek
Although there's ample research to guide marketers in naming new products, little of it has addressed follow-on offerings, even though these make up the bulk of new products in many industries. Companies have two basic strategies to choose from. They can stick with a... View Details
Bertini, Marco, John Gourville, and Elie Ofek. "The Best Way to Name Your Product 2.0." Harvard Business Review 89, no. 5 (May 2011).
- January 2010 (Revised October 2011)
- Case
The Congressional Oversight Panel's Valuation of the TARP Warrants (A)
The Congressional Oversight Panel wants to value the warrants issued to the government in connection with the TARP investments of 2008, in order to increase the transparency of options repurchases. The case describes the methodology used to value the warrants. Students... View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Asset Pricing; Financial Instruments; Investment; Business and Government Relations; Mathematical Methods; Valuation; Banking Industry; Public Administration Industry; United States
Baldwin, Carliss Y. "The Congressional Oversight Panel's Valuation of the TARP Warrants (A)." Harvard Business School Case 210-035, January 2010. (Revised October 2011.)
- Article
The Evolution of Science-Based Business: Innovating How We Innovate
By: Gary P. Pisano
Science has long been connected to innovation and to business. As early as the late 19th century, chemical companies, realizing the commercial potential of science, created the first industrial research laboratories. During much of the 20th century, large-scale... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Governance; Innovation and Management; Risk Management; Research and Development; Science-Based Business; Commercialization
Pisano, Gary P. "The Evolution of Science-Based Business: Innovating How We Innovate." Special Issue on Management Innovation—Essays in the Spirit of Alfred D. Chandler. Industrial and Corporate Change 19, no. 2 (April 2010): 465–482.
- October 2009
- Article
Negotiation Analysis: From Games to Inferences to Decisions to Deals
Exemplified by the pioneering work of Howard Raiffa and often expressed in the pages of the Negotiation Journal, the emergent prescriptive field of "negotiation analysis" progressively developed from Raiffa's early contributions to game theory and to his later... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Preparation; Negotiation Process; Negotiation Tactics; Game Theory
Sebenius, James K. "Negotiation Analysis: From Games to Inferences to Decisions to Deals." Negotiation Journal 25, no. 4 (October 2009): 449–465.
- July – August 2009
- Article
Restoring American Competitiveness
By: Gary P. Pisano and Willy C. Shih
For decades, U.S. companies have been outsourcing manufacturing in the belief that it held no competitive advantage. That's been a disaster, maintain Harvard professors Pisano and Shih, because today's low-value manufacturing operations hold the seeds of tomorrow's... View Details
Keywords: Competitive Advantage; Value; Production; Innovation and Invention; Product Development; Government and Politics; Social Issues; Management Practices and Processes; Investment; Research and Development; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Competency and Skills; Service Industry; United States
Pisano, Gary P., and Willy C. Shih. "Restoring American Competitiveness." Harvard Business Review 87, nos. 7-8 (July–August 2009). (Winner of McKinsey Award. First Place For the best articles published each year in the Harvard Business Review presented by McKinsey & Company.)
- fall 2008
- Article
Toward a Theory of Behavioral Operations
By: Francesca Gino and Gary P. Pisano
Human beings are critical to the functioning of the vast majority of operating systems, influencing both the way these systems work and how they perform. Yet most formal analytical models of operations assume that the people who participate in operating systems are... View Details
Keywords: Management Systems; Operations; Mathematical Methods; Behavior; Cognition and Thinking; Perspective; Theory
Gino, Francesca, and Gary P. Pisano. "Toward a Theory of Behavioral Operations." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 10, no. 4 (fall 2008): 676–691.
- June 2008 (Revised October 2009)
- Case
InnoCentive.com (A)
By: Karim R. Lakhani
InnoCentive.com, a firm connecting R&D labs of large organizations to diverse external solvers through innovation contests, has to decide if it will enable collaboration in its community. Case covers the basics of a distributed innovation system works and the... View Details
Keywords: Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Open Source Distribution; Research and Development; Competition; Cooperation
Lakhani, Karim R. "InnoCentive.com (A)." Harvard Business School Case 608-170, June 2008. (Revised October 2009.)
- March 2008 (Revised April 2008)
- Case
Corning: 156 Years of Innovation
By: H. Kent Bowen and Courtney Purrington
The executive team at Corning has committed to double the rate of new business creation per decade, while at the same time growing the company's current businesses, including glass substrates for LCD displays. Their strategy, built on more than 150 years of successful... View Details
Keywords: Innovation Leadership; Resource Allocation; Product Development; Research and Development; Science-Based Business; Industrial Products Industry
Bowen, H. Kent, and Courtney Purrington. "Corning: 156 Years of Innovation." Harvard Business School Case 608-108, March 2008. (Revised April 2008.)
- 2008
- Article
Learning (Not) to Talk About Race: When Older Children Underperform in Social Categorization
By: Evan P. Apfelbaum, Kristin Pauker, Nalini Ambady, Samuel R. Sommers and Michael I. Norton
The present research identifies an anomaly in sociocognitive development, whereby younger children (8 and 9 years) outperform their older counterparts (10 and 11 years) in a basic categorization task in which the acknowledgment of racial difference facilitates... View Details
Apfelbaum, Evan P., Kristin Pauker, Nalini Ambady, Samuel R. Sommers, and Michael I. Norton. "Learning (Not) to Talk About Race: When Older Children Underperform in Social Categorization." Developmental Psychology 44, no. 5 (2008).
- November 2007 (Revised June 2016)
- Background Note
Differences at Work: The Individual Experience
By: Sandra J. Sucher
This note presents some basic concepts and findings from social science research that can help you anticipate and manage some of the complexities of differences at work. View Details
Keywords: Demographics
Sucher, Sandra J. "Differences at Work: The Individual Experience." Harvard Business School Background Note 608-068, November 2007. (Revised June 2016.)
- May 2006
- Case
A123Systems
By: H. Kent Bowen, Kenneth P Morse and Douglass Cannon
A 123Systems was a young company that was founded on basic materials science research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A co-founder of the company, Yet-Ming Chiang, was a full professor at MIT and served as scientific adviser. Intellectual property based... View Details
Keywords: Intellectual Property; Business Startups; Research and Development; Commercialization; Technological Innovation; Science-Based Business; Product Development; Battery Industry; Electronics Industry; Massachusetts
Bowen, H. Kent, Kenneth P Morse, and Douglass Cannon. "A123Systems." Harvard Business School Case 606-114, May 2006.
- August 2003 (Revised May 2009)
- Background Note
Basic Venture Capital Formula, The
By: William A. Sahlman and Matthew Willis
Briefly summarizes the process that venture capitalists use to analyze high-risk, long-term investments. Contains information on methods that can be used to calculate valuation, share price, percent ownership, implied valuation, dilution, and option pools. View Details
Sahlman, William A., and Matthew Willis. "Basic Venture Capital Formula, The." Harvard Business School Background Note 804-042, August 2003. (Revised May 2009.)
- February 2003 (Revised March 2006)
- Case
Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM)
By: Michael E. Porter, Willis M. Emmons III and Christian Fenner
Le Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique S.A. (CSEM)--the Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology--was a major nonprofit research institution located in Neuchatel, Switzerland, with roots in the Swiss watch industry. CSEM maintained close links to... View Details
Keywords: Cooperation; Information Technology; Alliances; Research and Development; Performance Productivity; Innovation and Invention; Nonprofit Organizations; Electronics Industry; Switzerland
Porter, Michael E., Willis M. Emmons III, and Christian Fenner. "Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM)." Harvard Business School Case 703-438, February 2003. (Revised March 2006.)
- 2001
- Chapter
Publicly Funded Science and the Productivity of the Pharmaceutical Industry
By: Rebecca Henderson and Ian Cockburn
U.S. taxpayers funded $14.8 billion of health related research last year, four times the amount that was spent in 1970 in real terms. In this paper we evaluate the impact of these huge expenditures on the technological performance of the pharmaceutical industry. While... View Details
Keywords: Public Sector; Science-Based Business; Research and Development; Sovereign Finance; Pharmaceutical Industry
Henderson, Rebecca, and Ian Cockburn. "Publicly Funded Science and the Productivity of the Pharmaceutical Industry." In Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 1, edited by Adam B. Jaffe, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern, 1–34. MIT Press, 2001.
- February 1999 (Revised August 2004)
- Case
Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)
Chronicles the background of the founding of the WNBA, its basic business concept, some of the key research information used by the NBA in launching it, and other related information. Students must analyze the "basic business model" involved and compare it to that of... View Details
Greyser, Stephen A. "Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)." Harvard Business School Case 599-032, February 1999. (Revised August 2004.)
- December 1998
- Background Note
Note on Low-Tech Marketing Math
By: Robert J. Dolan
Describes basic calculations useful in marketing analysis, break-even analysis, and price-volume relationships. View Details
Dolan, Robert J. "Note on Low-Tech Marketing Math." Harvard Business School Background Note 599-011, December 1998.
- March 1994 (Revised March 1995)
- Case
Astra/Merck Group
By: Frank V. Cespedes and Marie Bell
Astra/Merck (A/M), originally a joint venture of AB Astra and Merck & Co., is preparing to be an independent company in 1993. Since the company does not engage in basic research and development of drugs, it is essentially a distribution organization. Fundamental to... View Details
Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Marketing Strategy; Distribution; Performance Evaluation; Research and Development; Risk and Uncertainty; Sales; Competitive Strategy; Pharmaceutical Industry
Cespedes, Frank V., and Marie Bell. "Astra/Merck Group." Harvard Business School Case 594-045, March 1994. (Revised March 1995.)