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  • 2023
  • Article

Post Hoc Explanations of Language Models Can Improve Language Models

By: Satyapriya Krishna, Jiaqi Ma, Dylan Slack, Asma Ghandeharioun, Sameer Singh and Himabindu Lakkaraju
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in performing complex tasks. Moreover, recent research has shown that incorporating human-annotated rationales (e.g., Chain-of-Thought prompting) during in-context learning can significantly enhance... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Performance Effectiveness
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  • 02 Nov 2006
  • Working Paper Summaries

Resolving Information Asymmetries in Markets: The Role of Certified Management Programs

Keywords: by Michael W. Toffel
  • 2011
  • Article

Regulatory Uncertainty and Corporate Responses to Environmental Protection in China

By: Christopher Marquis, Jianjun Zhang and Yanhua Zhou
We develop a framework to analyze the closing gap between regulation and enforcement of environmental protection in China and present a number of resulting implications for doing business there. We identify three major dimensions that characterize change in regulatory... View Details
Keywords: Framework; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Law Enforcement; Growth and Development Strategy; Emerging Markets; Business Ventures; Alignment; Risk and Uncertainty; Natural Environment; Motivation and Incentives; Management Practices and Processes; Competitive Strategy; China
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  • July 2006
  • Background Note

Out of Frame: The Coming Digital Disruption of Hollywood

By: Stephen P. Bradley, Brian DeLacey and Reed Martin
The record opening of the Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, starring Johnny Depp, had finally provided the industry with incontrovertible proof that it was still possible to draw massive audiences to movie theaters. Grossing $136 million during its opening... View Details
Keywords: Disruption; Internet and the Web; Technology Adoption; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Film Entertainment; Revenue; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; United States
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  • 07 Jun 2023
  • HBS Case

3 Ways to Gain a Competitive Advantage Now: Lessons from Amazon, Chipotle, and Facebook

understood what people were really willing to pay for,” Karp says. “Having great features is different than having features that will incentivize people to use your product.” As mixed economic signals and the rise of artificial... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding
  • 31 Jan 2022
  • Research & Ideas

Where Can Digital Transformation Take You? Insights from 1,700 Leaders

challenger mindset and willingness to disrupt Digitally mature companies encourage employees to challenge the status quo—even if this means fundamentally rethinking the core business. Everyone in the organization is responsible for listening to View Details
Keywords: by Linda A. Hill, Ann Le Cam, Sunand Menon, and Emily Tedards
  • 2018
  • Working Paper

Detecting Anomalies: The Relevance and Power of Standard Asset Pricing Tests

By: Malcolm Baker, Patrick Luo and Ryan Taliaferro
The two standard approaches for identifying capital market anomalies are cross-sectional coefficient tests, in the spirit of Fama and MacBeth (1973), and time-series intercept tests, in the spirit of Jensen (1968). A new signal can pass the first test, which we label a... View Details
Keywords: Investment Management; Anomalies; Portfolio Construction; Transaction Costs; Investment; Management; Asset Pricing; Market Transactions; Cost
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  • January–February 2024
  • Article

Shared Service Delivery Can Increase Client Engagement: A Study of Shared Medical Appointments

By: Ryan W. Buell, Kamalini Ramdas, Nazlı Sönmez, Kavitha Srinivasan and Rengaraj Venkatesh
Problem Definition: Clients and service providers alike often consider one-on-one service delivery to be ideal, assuming – perhaps unquestioningly – that devoting individualized attention best improves client outcomes. In contrast, in shared service delivery, clients... View Details
Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Customer Satisfaction; Outcome or Result; Performance Improvement
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  • June 2011
  • Case

Steering Monetary Policy Through Unprecedented Crises

By: David Moss and Cole Bolton
In early April 2008, economic conditions in Europe appeared to be deteriorating on almost all fronts: sales figures were falling, business and consumer confidence were slumping, forecasts for European growth were being revised downward, and inflation was rising. In... View Details
Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Financial Crisis; Inflation and Deflation; Financial Institutions; Interest Rates; Policy
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  • 30 Sep 2002
  • Research & Ideas

Your Crisis Response Plan: The Ten Effective Elements

response team of perhaps five or six people who function as the leader's staff in the parallel crisis-management organization. 5. Preset activation protocols. Preset signals for activating and coordinating the various response modules in... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Watkins
  • 08 Dec 2022
  • HBS Case

The War in Ukraine and Nestlé’s Moral Dilemma: Stay or Leave Russia?

improve or ameliorate the situation. When it comes to decisions on such moral issues, consumers play an important role in the eventual impact on the company. In Nestlé’s case, soon after the company announced its strategy, calls for a boycott faded, View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding; Consumer Products
  • 2023
  • Working Paper

The Irredeemability of the Past: Determinants of Reconciliation and Revenge in Post-Conflict Settings

By: Kristen Kao, Kristin Fabbe and Michael Bang Petersen
In the aftermath of violent conflict, identifying former enemy collaborators versus innocent bystanders forced to flee violence is difficult. In post-conflict settings, internally displaced persons (IDPs) risk becoming stigmatized and face difficulties... View Details
Keywords: Conflict and Resolution; War; Refugees; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; Public Opinion; Lawfulness; Iraq
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  • 2022
  • Working Paper

Post-market Surveillance of Software Medical Devices: Evidence from Regulatory Data

By: Alexander O. Everhart and Ariel D. Stern
Medical devices increasingly include software components, which facilitate remote patient monitoring. The introduction of software into previously analog medical devices as well as innovation in software-driven devices may introduce new safety concerns—all the more so... View Details
Keywords: Technological Innovation; Safety; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Health Care and Treatment; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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  • Forthcoming
  • Article

Group Size and Its Impact on Diversity-Related Perceptions and Hiring Decisions in Homogeneous Groups

By: Aneesh Rai, Edward H. Chang, Erika Kirgios and Katherine L. Milkman
Why do some homogeneous groups face backlash for lacking diversity, whereas others escape censure? We show that a homogeneous group’s size changes how it is perceived and whether decision makers pursue greater diversity in its ranks. We theorize that people make... View Details
Keywords: Diversity; Perception; Decision Making; Groups and Teams; Selection and Staffing; Size
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  • March 2006
  • Module Note

Managing Innovation in an Uncertain World: Module 4: Sensing Opportunity

By: Alan D. MacCormack
Describes the fourth module of the 30-session Harvard Business School elective course Managing Innovation in an Uncertain World. The course helps students understand the challenges that uncertainty implies for innovation and how to overcome them. The course emphasizes... View Details
Keywords: Innovation and Management; Problems and Challenges; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Projects; Opportunities; Risk and Uncertainty; Perspective; Value Creation; Networks; Alignment
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  • Research Summary

Overview

Yanhua Bird's research encompasses two streams: (1) entrepreneurship and social innovation — how the design and structure of alternative forms of enterprises influence their activities and success, with a focus on peer-to-peer markets and social enterprises, and (2)... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Strategy; Social Evaluation; Entrepreneurship; Social Innovation; Social Movements; Non-market Strategy; Corporate Sustainability
  • 28 Jan 2019
  • Research & Ideas

Forget Cash. Here Are Better Ways to Motivate Employees

really matters in the workplace is helping employees feel appreciated.” Rewards that signal to employees that they did a good job and that their manager cares about them will encourage employees to want to work even harder, the research... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
  • 17 Feb 2020
  • Sharpening Your Skills

How Entrepreneurs Can Find the Right Problem to Solve

discovery work to validate the problem or their target customers. While gut feel or personal experience with a problem can be a strong signal there is a problem to solve, without proper product discovery work you won’t truly know if you... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Austin
  • 01 Apr 2024
  • In Practice

Navigating the Mood of Customers Weary of Price Hikes

FTC is sending a strong signal that it is paying close attention to grocery store prices. Executives should be weighing this regulatory attention when considering prices over the years ahead. Alexander MacKay is an assistant professor of... View Details
Keywords: by Rachel Layne; Retail; Consumer Products
  • 14 Feb 2022
  • Research & Ideas

Curiosity, Not Coding: 6 Skills Leaders Need in the Digital Age

balance this curiosity with intentionality as they figure out when to be open-minded and broad and when to be focused and dig deep. They must learn to pick up "weak signals" about what is happening in their organizations and ecosystems. By the time a weak View Details
Keywords: by Linda A. Hill, Ann Le Cam, Sunand Menon, and Emily Tedards; Technology