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- All HBS Web
(3,495)
- People (38)
- News (626)
- Research (1,880)
- Events (27)
- Multimedia (205)
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- October 2016 (Revised March 2022)
- Background Note
Cost Variance Analysis
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Susanna Gallani
This note was written to provide students with fundamental concepts and methods for the analysis of cost variances. It focuses on the decomposition of cost variances into price, quantity, and mix variance components, an approach that allows students to identify the... View Details
Keywords: Cost Accounting
Kaplan, Robert S., and Susanna Gallani. "Cost Variance Analysis." Harvard Business School Background Note 117-006, October 2016. (Revised March 2022.)
- June 1995
- Case
AT&T's Acquisition of NCR
Dennis R. Beresford, Chairman of the FASB, reflects on the AT&T and NCR merger and AT&T's desire to qualify the transaction for pooling of interest treatment, an accounting method allowing companies to record assets acquired in business combinations at historical cost... View Details
Barth, Mary E., and Dale Coxe. "AT&T's Acquisition of NCR." Harvard Business School Case 195-239, June 1995.
- August 2024
- Technical Note
Measuring Concentrated Ownership
By: Christina R. Wing, Everett Alexander and Justin Huang
Firms with strong governance practices exhibit lower control premiums due to reduced risks and more efficient operations. Conversely, poorly governed firms may exhibit higher control premiums as new owners anticipate the need for substantial governance improvements.... View Details
- Article
Doubting Driverless Dilemmas
By: Julian De Freitas, Sam E. Anthony, Andrea Censi and George A. Alvarez
The alarm has been raised on so-called driverless dilemmas, in which autonomous vehicles will need to make high-stakes ethical decisions on the road. We argue that these arguments are too contrived to be of practical use, are an inappropriate method for making... View Details
Keywords: Moral Judgment; Autonomous Vehicles; Driverless Policy; Transportation; Ethics; Judgments; Policy
De Freitas, Julian, Sam E. Anthony, Andrea Censi, and George A. Alvarez. "Doubting Driverless Dilemmas." Perspectives on Psychological Science 15, no. 5 (September 2020): 1284–1288.
- July 2000
- Case
Aerospace Technologies, Inc.
By: Paul M. Healy and Jacob Cohen
Ben Galil's privately held engineering consulting firm represents aerospace products manufacturers in Israeli government biddings. The company incurs expenses for years before getting paid. This case deals with the alternative methods for booking revenues and expenses... View Details
Keywords: Accrual Accounting; Accounting; Revenue; Cost; Business or Company Management; Profit; Engineering; Bids and Bidding; Government and Politics; Private Ownership; Consulting Industry; Israel
Healy, Paul M., and Jacob Cohen. "Aerospace Technologies, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 101-003, July 2000.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Demystifying the Math of the Coronavirus
By: Elon Kohlberg and Abraham Neyman
We provide an elementary mathematical description of the spread of the coronavirus. We explain two fundamental relationships: How the rate of growth in new infections is determined by the “effective reproductive number” and how the effective reproductive number is... View Details
Kohlberg, Elon, and Abraham Neyman. "Demystifying the Math of the Coronavirus." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-112, April 2020. (Revised May 2020.)
- May 1989 (Revised April 1998)
- Case
Dynatronics, Inc.
The student must determine the financing requirements posed by growth, change of inventory policy, and introduction of new product and then select the best method of financing them. Has been used as a four-hour exam. A revised and updated version of an earlier case by... View Details
Fruhan, William E., Jr. "Dynatronics, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 289-063, May 1989. (Revised April 1998.)
- March–April 1979
- Article
Choosing Strategies for Change
By: Leonard A. Schlesinger and John P. Kotter
"From the frying pan into the fire," "let sleeping dogs lie," and "you can't teach an old dog new tricks" are all well-known sayings born of the fear of change. When people are threatened with change in organizations, similar maxims about certain people and departments... View Details
Schlesinger, Leonard A., and John P. Kotter. "Choosing Strategies for Change." Harvard Business Review 57, no. 2 (March–April 1979).
- 2019
- Working Paper
Industrial Change, the Boundary of the Firm, and Racial Employment Segregation
By: John-Paul Ferguson and Rembrand Koning
Racial employment segregation between large workplaces in America has grown over the last generation. We know little about how changes in patterns of employment by economic sector have contributed to this growth, though. While there are many stylized narratives about... View Details
Keywords: Workplace Segregation; Firm Boundaries; Organizations; Employees; Segmentation; Race; Change; United States
Ferguson, John-Paul, and Rembrand Koning. "Industrial Change, the Boundary of the Firm, and Racial Employment Segregation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-069, December 2019.
- November 2007
- Article
Measuring Consumer and Competitive Impact with Elasticity Decompositions
Marketing investments are designed to change consumer behavior in ways that help goods compete in the marketplace. Previous research has focused on using elasticity decompositions to measure how these investments affect either consumer decision making or competing... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Investment Return; Marketing Strategy; Consumer Behavior; Measurement and Metrics; Mathematical Methods; Competitive Advantage
Steenburgh, Thomas J. "Measuring Consumer and Competitive Impact with Elasticity Decompositions." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 44, no. 4 (November 2007): 636–646.
- March 2016 (Revised January 2020)
- Teaching Note
Behavioural Insights Team (A) and (B)
By: Michael Luca and Patrick Rooney
The Behavioural Insights Team case introduces students to the concept of choice architecture and the value of experimental methods (sometimes called A/B testing) within organizational contexts. The exercise provides an opportunity for students to apply these principles... View Details
- Article
Machine Learning Approaches to Facial and Text Analysis: Discovering CEO Oral Communication Styles
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Dan Wang, Natalie A. Carlson and Tarun Khanna
We demonstrate how a novel synthesis of three methods—(1) unsupervised topic modeling of text data to generate new measures of textual variance, (2) sentiment analysis of text data, and (3) supervised ML coding of facial images with a cutting-edge convolutional neural... View Details
Keywords: CEOs; Communication Style; Machine Learning; Spoken Communication; Nonverbal Communication; Personal Characteristics; Analysis; Performance
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Dan Wang, Natalie A. Carlson, and Tarun Khanna. "Machine Learning Approaches to Facial and Text Analysis: Discovering CEO Oral Communication Styles." Strategic Management Journal 40, no. 11 (November 2019): 1705–1732.
- March 2022
- Article
Estimating the Effectiveness of Permanent Price Reductions for Competing Products Using Multivariate Bayesian Structural Time Series Models
By: Fiammetta Menchetti and Iavor Bojinov
Researchers regularly use synthetic control methods for estimating causal effects when a sub-set of units receive a single persistent treatment, and the rest are unaffected by the change. In many applications, however, units not assigned to treatment are nevertheless... View Details
Keywords: Causal Inference; Partial Interference; Synthetic Controls; Bayesian Structural Time Series; Mathematical Methods
Menchetti, Fiammetta, and Iavor Bojinov. "Estimating the Effectiveness of Permanent Price Reductions for Competing Products Using Multivariate Bayesian Structural Time Series Models." Annals of Applied Statistics 16, no. 1 (March 2022): 414–435.
- September 1992 (Revised March 1997)
- Case
Summit Distributors (A)
By: William J. Bruns Jr. and Amy P. Hutton
Summit Distributors was in danger of violating loan covenants because of slow economic activity and forecasted losses and was faced with a choice. Changing the inventory valuation method from LIFO to FIFO would avoid default but would require higher future income... View Details
Keywords: Taxation; Cost Accounting; Cash Flow; Interest Rates; Economic Systems; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Statements; Valuation; Accounting Audits; Financing and Loans; Accounting Industry; Legal Services Industry
Bruns, William J., Jr., and Amy P. Hutton. "Summit Distributors (A)." Harvard Business School Case 193-053, September 1992. (Revised March 1997.)
- 2016
- Other Teaching and Training Material
Organizational Behavior Reading: Decision Making
By: Francesca Gino, Max Bazerman and Katherine Shonk
This Reading argues that decision making is systematically flawed and introduces methods to improve decision-making effectiveness. The Essential Reading section covers the rational decision-making model and three important ideas that challenge it: Herbert Simon's... View Details
Gino, Francesca, Max Bazerman, and Katherine Shonk. "Organizational Behavior Reading: Decision Making." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Publishing 8383, 2016. Electronic.
- January 1989 (Revised October 1993)
- Background Note
Note: Valuing a Business Acquisition Opportunity
Describes how to value an acquisition opportunity as a capital budgeting problem. Cash flows are discounted at the cost of capital and debt is deducted to value the equity capital of the target company. A key contribution of the note is the discussion of five methods... View Details
Fruhan, William E., Jr. "Note: Valuing a Business Acquisition Opportunity." Harvard Business School Background Note 289-039, January 1989. (Revised October 1993.)
- March 2024
- Case
Ava DuVernay's Array: Disrupting the Hollywood Film Industry
By: Anita Elberse and Morgan Brewton-Johnson
In February 2023 acclaimed filmmaker Ava DuVernay is filming her latest movie, Origin, a daring adaptation of Isabel Wilkerson’s book Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. With Origin, DuVernay is pioneering a method to finance the endeavor—through a combination of... View Details
Keywords: Financing and Loans; Intellectual Property; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Disruption; Motion Pictures and Video Industry
Elberse, Anita, and Morgan Brewton-Johnson. "Ava DuVernay's Array: Disrupting the Hollywood Film Industry." Harvard Business School Case 524-071, March 2024.
- 17 May 2022
- Cold Call Podcast
Delivering a Personalized Shopping Experience with AI
Keywords: Re: Jill J. Avery
- March 1989 (Revised June 1993)
- Case
Daniel Dobbins Distillery, Inc.
A distiller increases whiskey production and income declines because of accounting methods in use. Questions are raised regarding the treatment of expenditures which can be classified as production, inventory, or period costs. The necessary aging process raises added... View Details
Vancil, Richard F. "Daniel Dobbins Distillery, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 189-065, March 1989. (Revised June 1993.)
- July 2002 (Revised April 2003)
- Case
Computer Associates International, Inc.: Governance and Investor Communication Challenge
By: Paul M. Healy and Krishna G. Palepu
Sanjay Kumar, the CEO of Computer Associates, faces investor communication challenges following the company's implementation of a new business model and the accompanying change method used to recognize revenue. Despite management's confidence that the new business... View Details
Keywords: Business Earnings; Earnings Management; Stock Shares; Problems and Challenges; Communication Strategy; Accrual Accounting; Business Model; Budgets and Budgeting; Corporate Governance; Revenue; Computer Industry; Information Technology Industry
Healy, Paul M., and Krishna G. Palepu. "Computer Associates International, Inc.: Governance and Investor Communication Challenge." Harvard Business School Case 103-007, July 2002. (Revised April 2003.)