• July 2022 (Revised February 2025)
• Case

A Soul and a Service: North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance

By: Tom Nicholas and John Masko

The North Carolina Mutual and Provident Association (the Mutual) was founded in 1898 as a for-profit entity selling life insurance catering to the Black community. The Mutual was entering a field crowded with established White-owned competitors that largely refused to... View Details

Keywords: Black Entrepreneurs; Insurance; History; Race; Prejudice and Bias; Entrepreneurship; Decision Choices and Conditions; Growth and Development Strategy; Insurance Industry; United States

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Nicholas, Tom, and John Masko. "A Soul and a Service: North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance." Harvard Business School Case 823-032, July 2022. (Revised February 2025.)

• 07 Feb 2022
• Research & Ideas

Digital Transformation: A New Roadmap for Success

algorithms can lead to unintended bias that harms certain employees and customers, and the company’s reputation (a bias story can go viral on... View Details

Keywords: by Linda A. Hill, Ann Le Cam, Sunand Menon, and Emily Tedards

• 14 Apr 2021
• News

How to Close the Gender Gap

Keywords: Colleen Ammerman and Boris Groysberg

• 2017
• Gender Conformity & Nonconformity

Thinking Expansively About Gender Nonconformity and Workplace Anti-Discrimination Strategies

• 2021
• Chapter

Towards a Unified Framework for Fair and Stable Graph Representation Learning

By: Chirag Agarwal, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Marinka Zitnik

As the representations output by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly employed in real-world applications, it becomes important to ensure that these representations are fair and stable. In this work, we establish a key connection between counterfactual... View Details

Keywords: Graph Neural Networks; AI and Machine Learning; Prejudice and Bias

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Agarwal, Chirag, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Marinka Zitnik. "Towards a Unified Framework for Fair and Stable Graph Representation Learning." In Proceedings of the 37th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, edited by Cassio de Campos and Marloes H. Maathuis, 2114–2124. AUAI Press, 2021.

• 2006
• Chapter

How Institutional Norms and Individual Preferences Legitimate Organizational Names

By: Mary Ann Glynn and Christopher Marquis

Keywords: Organizational Culture; Personal Characteristics; Perspective; Attitudes; Prejudice and Bias

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Glynn, Mary Ann, and Christopher Marquis. "How Institutional Norms and Individual Preferences Legitimate Organizational Names." In Artifacts and Organizations, edited by Anat Rafaeli and Michael Pratt, 223–239. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.

• Article

Stereotype Content Model across Cultures: Universal Similarities and Some Differences

By: A.J.C. Cuddy, S.T. Fiske, V.S.Y. Kwan, P. Glick, S. Demoulin, J. Ph. Leyens and M.H. Bond

The stereotype content model (SCM; Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups' similarities and... View Details

Keywords: Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Relationships; Groups and Teams; Prejudice and Bias; Culture; Societal Protocols; East Asia; Europe

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Cuddy, A.J.C., S.T. Fiske, V.S.Y. Kwan, P. Glick, S. Demoulin, J. Ph. Leyens, and M.H. Bond. "Stereotype Content Model across Cultures: Universal Similarities and Some Differences." British Journal of Social Psychology 48, no. 1 (March 2009).

• 04 Sep 2019
• Research & Ideas

'I Know Why You Voted for Trump' and Other Motivation Misperceptions

senior writer for Harvard Business School Working Knowledge. [Image: istockphoto] Related Reading: You Probably Have a Bias for Making Bad Decisions. Here's Why. How Gender Stereotypes Kill a Woman’s Self-Confidence Research Paper:... View Details

Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman

• 10 Mar 2021
• News

New Releases: Alumni and Faculty Books, Podcasts

for development, lack of role models and sponsors, and bias in hiring, compensation, and promotion—that create gender imbalances. Bringing to... View Details

Keywords: Margie Kelley; Publishing Industries (except Internet); Information

• 2018
• Race & 21st century economy: Access, investments and institution-building

The Struggle is Real: Black Colleges, Resources, and Respect

• May 2012
• Article

Incentive Schemes, Sorting and Behavioral Biases of Employees: Experimental Evidence

By: Ian Larkin and Stephen Leider

We investigate how the convexity of a firm's incentives interacts with worker overconfidence to affect sorting decisions and performance. We demonstrate experimentally that overconfident employees are more likely to sort into a non-linear incentive scheme over a linear... View Details

Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Performance; Behavior; Prejudice and Bias; Decisions; Employees; Wages

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Larkin, Ian, and Stephen Leider. "Incentive Schemes, Sorting and Behavioral Biases of Employees: Experimental Evidence." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 4, no. 2 (May 2012).

• Fall, 2024
• Article

Sixty Years of the Voting Rights Act: Progress and Pitfalls

By: Andrea Bernini, Giovanni Facchini, Marco Tabellini and Cecilia Testa

We review the literature on the effects of the 1965 Voting Rights Act (VRA), which removed formal restrictions to Black political participation. After a brief description of racial discrimination suffered by Black Americans since Reconstruction, we introduce the goals... View Details

Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; Equality and Inequality; Race; Political Elections; Voting; Policy; Outcome or Result; Government Legislation

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Bernini, Andrea, Giovanni Facchini, Marco Tabellini, and Cecilia Testa. "Sixty Years of the Voting Rights Act: Progress and Pitfalls." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 40, no. 3 (Fall, 2024): 486–497.

• Article

Gender Bias, Social Impact Framing, and Evaluation of Entrepreneurial Ventures

By: Matthew Lee and Laura Huang

Recent studies find that female-led ventures are penalized relative to male-led ventures due to role incongruity, or a perceived “lack of fit,” between female stereotypes and expected personal qualities of business entrepreneurs. We examine whether social impact... View Details

Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Framework; Perception; Performance Evaluation

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Lee, Matthew, and Laura Huang. "Gender Bias, Social Impact Framing, and Evaluation of Entrepreneurial Ventures." Organization Science 29, no. 1 (January–February 2018): 1–16.

• 22 Jan 2018
• Working Paper Summaries

When Gender Discrimination Is Not About Gender

Keywords: by Katherine B. Coffman, Christine L. Exley, and Muriel Niederle

• 17 Sep 2018
• Working Paper Summaries

The Impact of Penalties for Wrong Answers on the Gender Gap in Test Scores

Keywords: by Katherine B. Coffman and David Klinowski; Education

• April 2013
• Article

Gendered Races: Implications for Interracial Marriage, Leadership Selection, and Athletic Participation

By: Adam D. Galinsky, Erika V. Hall and Amy J.C. Cuddy

Six studies explored the overlap between racial and gender stereotypes and the consequences of this overlap for interracial dating, leadership selection, and athletic participation. Two initial studies, utilizing explicit and implicit measures, captured the stereotype... View Details

Keywords: Stereotypes; Attraction; Prejudice and Bias; Leadership; Race; Attitudes; Family and Family Relationships; Sports; Gender; United States

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Galinsky, Adam D., Erika V. Hall, and Amy J.C. Cuddy. "Gendered Races: Implications for Interracial Marriage, Leadership Selection, and Athletic Participation." Psychological Science 24, no. 4 (April 2013): 498–506.