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- All HBS Web
(1,788)
- People (1)
- News (224)
- Research (1,307)
- Events (20)
- Multimedia (6)
- Faculty Publications (817)
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- 2011
- Chapter
The Embeddedness of Social Entrepreneurship: Understanding Variation across Local Communities
By: Christian Seelos, Johanna Mair, Julie Battilana and M. Tina Dacin
Social enterprise organizations (SEOs) arise from entrepreneurial activities with the aim to achieve social goals. SEOs have been identified as alternative and/or complementary to the actions of governments and international organizations to address poverty and... View Details
Seelos, Christian, Johanna Mair, Julie Battilana, and M. Tina Dacin. "The Embeddedness of Social Entrepreneurship: Understanding Variation across Local Communities." In Communities and Organizations. Vol. 33, edited by Christopher Marquis, Michael Lounsbury, and Royston Greenwood, 333–363. Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Emerald Group Publishing, 2011.
- January 2009
- Article
Multinationals as Arbitrageurs? The Effect of Stock Market Valuations on Foreign Direct Investment
By: Malcolm Baker, C. Fritz Foley and Jeffrey Wurgler
Empirical evidence of imperfect integration across world capital markets suggests a role for cross-border arbitrage by multinationals. Consistent with multinational arbitrage as a determinant of foreign direct investment (FDI) patterns, we find that FDI flows increase... View Details
Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Financial Markets; Foreign Direct Investment; Valuation; Capital Markets; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Cost; Forecasting and Prediction; Capital; Stocks; Integration
Baker, Malcolm, C. Fritz Foley, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Multinationals as Arbitrageurs? The Effect of Stock Market Valuations on Foreign Direct Investment." Review of Financial Studies 22, no. 1 (January 2009): 337–369.
- 2021
- Working Paper
The Demand for Executive Skills
By: Stephen Hansen, Tejas Ramdas, Raffaella Sadun and Joseph B. Fuller
We use a unique corpus of job descriptions for C-suite positions to document skills requirements in top managerial occupations across a large sample of firms. A novel algorithm maps the text of each executive search into six separate skill clusters reflecting... View Details
Hansen, Stephen, Tejas Ramdas, Raffaella Sadun, and Joseph B. Fuller. "The Demand for Executive Skills." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28959, June 2021.
- Summer 2019
- Article
The Price Effects of Cross-Market Mergers: Theory and Evidence from the Hospital Industry
By: Leemore S. Dafny, Katherine Ho and Robin S. Lee
We consider the effect of mergers between firms whose products are not viewed as direct substitutes for the same good or service but are bundled by a common intermediary. Focusing on hospital mergers across distinct geographic markets, we show that such combinations... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Markets; Geographic Scope; Price; Outcome or Result; Insurance; Health Industry
Dafny, Leemore S., Katherine Ho, and Robin S. Lee. "The Price Effects of Cross-Market Mergers: Theory and Evidence from the Hospital Industry." RAND Journal of Economics 50, no. 2 (Summer 2019): 286–325.
- November 2020
- Article
The Role of Taxes in the Disconnect Between Corporate Performance and Economic Growth
By: Urooj Khan, Suresh Nallareddy and Ethan Rouen
We investigate the relation between the growth in corporate profits and the overall U.S. economy, focusing on the impact of the U.S. corporate tax regime on this relation. We document that the growth of corporate profits, on average, has outpaced the growth of the... View Details
Keywords: Taxes; Gdp; Corporate Profits; American Jobs Creation Act Of 2004; Taxation; Economic Growth; Profit; United States
Khan, Urooj, Suresh Nallareddy, and Ethan Rouen. "The Role of Taxes in the Disconnect Between Corporate Performance and Economic Growth." Management Science 66, no. 11 (November 2020): 5427–5447.
- Article
Holdout in the Assembly of Complements: A Problem for Market Design
By: Scott Duke Kominers and E. Glen Weyl
Holdout problems prevent private (voluntary and self-financing) assembly of complementary goods—such as land or dispersed spectrum—from many self-interested sellers. While mechanisms that fully respect sellers' property rights cannot alleviate these holdout problems,... View Details
Kominers, Scott Duke, and E. Glen Weyl. "Holdout in the Assembly of Complements: A Problem for Market Design." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 102, no. 3 (May 2012): 360–365.
- October 2007
- Article
Supply and Demand Shifts in the Shorting Market
By: Lauren Cohen, Karl B. Diether and Christopher J. Malloy
Using proprietary data on stock loan fees and quantities from a large institutional investor, we examine the link between the shorting market and stock prices. Employing a unique identification strategy, we isolate shifts in the supply and demand for shorting. We find... View Details
Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Stocks; Financing and Loans; Price; Strategy; Demand and Consumers; Forecasting and Prediction; Investment Return; Markets; Information
Cohen, Lauren, Karl B. Diether, and Christopher J. Malloy. "Supply and Demand Shifts in the Shorting Market." Journal of Finance 62, no. 5 (October 2007): 2061–2096. (Winner of Smith Breeden Prize for the Best Paper Published in the Journal of Finance in Asset Pricing (Distinguished Paper) 2007.)
- March 2007
- Article
Internet Advertising and the Generalized Second Price Auction: Selling Billions of Dollars Worth of Keywords
By: Benjamin Edelman, Michael Ostrovsky and Michael Schwarz
We investigate the "generalized second-price" auction (GSP), a new mechanism used by search engines to sell online advertising. Although GSP looks similar to the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism, its properties are very different. Unlike the VCG mechanism, GSP... View Details
Edelman, Benjamin, Michael Ostrovsky, and Michael Schwarz. "Internet Advertising and the Generalized Second Price Auction: Selling Billions of Dollars Worth of Keywords." American Economic Review 97, no. 1 (March 2007): 242–259. (Winner of the 2013 Prize in Game Theory and Computer Science from the Game Theory Society - for "the best paper at the interface of game theory and computer science in the last decade." Winner of the 2018 SIGecom Test of Time Award from the ACM Special Interest Group on E-Commerce - for "an influential paper or series of papers published between ten and twenty-five years ago that has significantly impacted research or applications exemplifying the interplay of economics and computation.")
- 28 Sep 2009
- Research & Ideas
Improving Accountability at the World Bank
comparison to its peer institutions, the World Bank has been relatively responsive to calls for greater accountability. This report examines accountability mechanisms at three basic levels in the institution: (1) project, (2) policy, and... View Details
Keywords: by Alnoor Ebrahim
- January 2016 (Revised October 2016)
- Case
Saudi Aramco and Corporate Venture Capital
By: Joseph B. Fuller, Matthew Rhodes-Kropf and Nathaniel Burbank
Saudi Aramco launched an internal venture capital arm in 2011, which promptly became the world's largest investor in energy related startups. In choosing to proceed, the company's New Business Development unit (NPD) wrestled with a number of challenges. How should the... View Details
Fuller, Joseph B., Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, and Nathaniel Burbank. "Saudi Aramco and Corporate Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Case 816-068, January 2016. (Revised October 2016.)
- Article
Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing in Emergency Medicine
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Brian J. Yun, Anand M. Prabhakar, Jonathan Warsh, John Brennan, Kyle E. Dempsey and Ali S. Raja
Value in emergency medicine is determined by both patient-important outcomes and the costs associated with achieving them. However, measuring true costs is challenging. Without an understanding of costs, emergency department (ED) leaders will be unable to determine... View Details
Keywords: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Emergency Room; Health Care and Treatment; Value; Cost Management; Activity Based Costing and Management
Kaplan, Robert S., Brian J. Yun, Anand M. Prabhakar, Jonathan Warsh, John Brennan, Kyle E. Dempsey, and Ali S. Raja. "Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing in Emergency Medicine." Annals of Emergency Medicine 67, no. 6 (June 2016): 765–772.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Diagnostic Bubbles
By: Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli, Spencer Yongwook Kwon and Andrei Shleifer
We introduce diagnostic expectations into a standard setting of price formation in which investors learn about the fundamental value of an asset and trade it. We study the interaction of diagnostic expectations with two well-known mechanisms: learning from prices and... View Details
Bordalo, Pedro, Nicola Gennaioli, Spencer Yongwook Kwon, and Andrei Shleifer. "Diagnostic Bubbles." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25399, December 2018.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Deglobalization and Entrepreneurial Investment: The Natural Experiment of Brexit
By: Elisa Alvarez-Garrido and Juan Alcácer
We seek to gain insight into the consequences of deglobalization on entrepreneurial investment by
analyzing an instance of economic disintegration: the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union.
Brexit is not only a unique empirical opportunity, a natural... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Finance; International Relations; Trade; Disruption; Globalized Economies and Regions; United Kingdom
Alvarez-Garrido, Elisa, and Juan Alcácer. "Deglobalization and Entrepreneurial Investment: The Natural Experiment of Brexit." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-017, August 2023.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Arbitration with Uninformed Consumers
By: Mark Egan, Gregor Matvos and Amit Seru
This paper studies the impact of the arbitrator selection process on consumer outcomes by examining roughly 9,000 consumer arbitration cases in the securities industry. Securities disputes present a good laboratory: arbitration is mandatory for all disputes,... View Details
Keywords: Arbitration; Financial Advisers; Financial Advisors; Brokers; Consumer Finance; Financial Misconduct; Fraud; Personal Finance; Conflict and Resolution; Information; Fairness
Egan, Mark, Gregor Matvos, and Amit Seru. "Arbitration with Uninformed Consumers." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-046, October 2018. (Revise and Resubmit at the Review of Economic Studies. Revised May 2020. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25150, October 2018)
- July 2025
- Article
On the Economic Origins of Concerns Over Women’s Chastity
By: Anke Becker
This paper studies the origins and function of customs and norms that intend to keep women from being promiscuous. Using large-scale survey data from more than 100 countries, I test the anthropological theory that a particular form of preindustrial... View Details
Keywords: Infibulation; Female Sexuality; Paternity Uncertainty; Concern About Women's Chastity; Pastoralism; Economic Anthropology; History; Gender; Social Issues; Culture
Becker, Anke. "On the Economic Origins of Concerns Over Women’s Chastity." Review of Economic Studies 92, no. 4 (July 2025): 2303–2329.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Primary Capital Market Transactions and Index Funds
By: Marco Sammon and Chris Murray
We document the effects of mechanical buying by CRSP-index-tracking funds on post-IPO returns and IPO deal structure. Leveraging a difference-in-differences-style design built on a 2017 CRSP rule change, we find that expected index fund demand leads fast track IPOs to... View Details
Keywords: Investment Funds; Initial Public Offering; Investment Return; Price; Market Transactions; Financial Markets
Sammon, Marco, and Chris Murray. "Primary Capital Market Transactions and Index Funds." Working Paper, August 2024.
- February 2021
- Article
Testing the Waters: Behavior across Participant Pools
By: Erik Snowberg and Leeat Yariv
We leverage a large-scale incentivized survey eliciting behaviors from (almost) an entire university student population, a representative sample of the U.S. population, and Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to address concerns about the external validity of experiments... View Details
Keywords: Lab Selection; External Validity; Experiments; Behavior; Surveys; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis
Snowberg, Erik, and Leeat Yariv. "Testing the Waters: Behavior across Participant Pools." American Economic Review 111, no. 2 (February 2021): 687–719.
- Article
Integrated Strategy: Residual Market and Exchange Imperfections as the Foundation of Sustainable Competitive Advantage
By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Dennis Yao
Market imperfections are central to understanding the mechanisms that permit firms to capture value. Many of these imperfections are competed away when firms struggle to attain and defend competitive advantages, making markets more efficient in the process. The... View Details
Keywords: Integrated Strategy; Nonmarket Strategy; Market Imperfections; Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, and Dennis Yao. "Integrated Strategy: Residual Market and Exchange Imperfections as the Foundation of Sustainable Competitive Advantage." Special Issue on Strategy and the Institutional Environment edited by Gautam Ahuja, Laurence Capron, Michael Lenox, and Dennis A. Yao. Strategy Science 3, no. 2 (June 2018): 463–480.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Creativity Under Fire: The Effects of Competition on Creative Production
By: Daniel P. Gross
Though fundamental to innovation and essential to many industries and occupations, individual creativity has received limited attention as an economic behavior and has historically proven difficult to study. This paper studies the incentive effects of competition on... View Details
Keywords: Incentives; Tournaments; Radical Vs. Incremental Innovation; Motivation and Incentives; Competition; Creativity; Innovation and Invention
Gross, Daniel P. "Creativity Under Fire: The Effects of Competition on Creative Production." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-109, March 2016. (Accepted at The Review of Economics and Statistics. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25057, September 2018)
- 2014
- Working Paper
Profits and Economic Development
By: Dan Schwab and Eric Werker
Are rents, or excess profits, good for development? Using industry-level manufacturing data, this paper demonstrates a negative effect of rents, measured by the mark-up ratio, on productivity growth. The negative effect is strongest in poor countries, suggesting that... View Details
Keywords: Firm Performance; Rent; Mark-up; Competition; Manufacturing; Development Economics; Profit; Economic Growth; Renting or Rental
Schwab, Dan, and Eric Werker. "Profits and Economic Development." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-087, March 2014. (Revised April 2014.)