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- Faculty Publications (486)
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- 2019
- Working Paper
Collusive Investments in Technological Compatibility: Lessons from U.S. Railroads in the Late 19th Century
By: Daniel P. Gross
Collusion is widely condemned for its negative effects on consumer welfare and market efficiency. In this paper, I show that collusion may also in some cases facilitate the creation of unexpected new sources of value. I bring this possibility into focus through the... View Details
Keywords: Collusion; Compatibility; Railroads; Rail Transportation; Standards; Integration; Trade; History; United States
Gross, Daniel P. "Collusive Investments in Technological Compatibility: Lessons from U.S. Railroads in the Late 19th Century." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-044, December 2016. (Accepted at Management Science.)
- 23 Nov 2010
- Working Paper Summaries
Growth Through Heterogeneous Innovations
- September 2016
- Article
Do Display Ads Influence Search?: Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising
By: Pavel Kireyev, Koen Pauwels and Sunil Gupta
As firms increasingly rely on online media to acquire consumers, marketing managers feel comfortable justifying higher online marketing spending by referring to online metrics such as click-through rate (CTR) and cost per acquisition (CPA). However, these standard... View Details
Kireyev, Pavel, Koen Pauwels, and Sunil Gupta. "Do Display Ads Influence Search? Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising." International Journal of Research in Marketing 33, no. 3 (September 2016): 475–490.
- March 2020
- Case
Maven Clinic: Women's Health in the Digital Age
By: Ariel D. Stern and Sarah Mehta
In late 2017, Kate Ryder, the founder and CEO of digital women’s health telemedicine company Maven Clinic, faced an important decision. Maven offered both a direct to consumer (D2C) product that anyone could use to book virtual appointments with health practitioners... View Details
Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Strategy; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Health Industry; Technology Industry; United States
Stern, Ariel D., and Sarah Mehta. "Maven Clinic: Women's Health in the Digital Age." Harvard Business School Case 620-035, March 2020.
- January 2014 (Revised April 2025)
- Supplement
The PGA Tour (B)
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Cole Magrath
In 1994, the PGA Tour (the "Tour"), the dominant incumbent professional golf circuit, had created tremendous value for its players. In the 1974 season, players competed for $8 million in prize money; by the 1994 season, the total prize purse had increased to $56... View Details
Keywords: PGA Tour; Tim Finchem; Deane Beman; Golf; Professional Golf; Business Model; Value Creation; Adaptation; Sports; Business Strategy; Sports Industry; United States
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Cole Magrath. "The PGA Tour (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 714-443, January 2014. (Revised April 2025.)
- 2016
- Working Paper
Gender Differences in Altruism: Responses to a Natural Disaster
By: Matthew Lilley and Robert Slonim
High-profile disasters can cause large spikes in philanthropy and volunteerism. By providing temporary positive shocks to the altruism of donors, these natural experiments help identify heterogeneity in the distributions of the latent altruism which motivates donors.... View Details
Lilley, Matthew, and Robert Slonim. "Gender Differences in Altruism: Responses to a Natural Disaster." IZA (Institute of Labor Economics) Discussion Paper Series, No. 9657, January 2016.
- December 2009 (Revised February 2010)
- Case
The Investment Fund for Foundations (TIFF) in 2009
By: Luis M. Viceira and Brendon Christopher Parry
In late June 2009, management at The Investment Fund for Foundations (TIFF) was considering expanding the footprint of the TIFF Diversified Fund (TDF), the first truly comprehensive endowment management vehicle offered under the TIFF banner. The recent large capital... View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Asset Management; Financial Strategy; Investment Funds; Risk Management; Product Marketing; Financial Services Industry; United States
Viceira, Luis M., and Brendon Christopher Parry. "The Investment Fund for Foundations (TIFF) in 2009." Harvard Business School Case 210-008, December 2009. (Revised February 2010.)
- 2014
- Working Paper
Islam, Inequality, and Pre-Industrial Comparative Development
By: Stelios Michalopoulos, Alireza Naghavi and Giovanni Prarolo
This study explores the interaction between trade and geography in shaping the Islamic economic doctrine and in turn the comparative development of the Muslim world. We build a model where an unequal distribution of land quality in presence of trade opportunities... View Details
Keywords: Islam; Inequality In Land Quality; Wealth Accumulation; Public Good Investment; Conflict; Wealth; Geography; Religion; Trade
Michalopoulos, Stelios, Alireza Naghavi, and Giovanni Prarolo. "Islam, Inequality, and Pre-Industrial Comparative Development." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-076, March 2015.
- September 2017
- Article
The Real Effects of Capital Controls: Firm-Level Evidence from a Policy Experiment
By: Laura Alfaro, Anusha Chari and Fabio Kanczuk
Emerging-market governments adopted capital control taxes to manage the massive surge in foreign capital inflows in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Theory suggests that the imposition of capital controls can drive up the cost of capital and curb... View Details
Keywords: Capital Controls; Discriminatory Taxation; International Investment Barriers; Exports; Debt; Cost of Capital; Taxation; Investment; Borrowing and Debt; Equity; Brazil
Alfaro, Laura, Anusha Chari, and Fabio Kanczuk. "The Real Effects of Capital Controls: Firm-Level Evidence from a Policy Experiment." Journal of International Economics 108 (September 2017): 191–210. (Also see NBER Working Paper 20726.
See comment in Brookings Series: The Hutchins Roundup.
See also, feature in NBER Digest March 2015 issue. )
- March 2019 (Revised October 2020)
- Case
GENTERA: Facing the Digital Age
By: Michael Chu and Carla Larangeira
After long dominating Mexican microfinance, Compartamos Banco faces the emergence of fintech, just as for the first time its loan portfolio and clients have declined. Enrique Majós, CEO of GENTERA, the bank´s parent company, is keenly aware of the profound changes... View Details
Keywords: Micro Finance; Base Of The Pyramid; Fintech; Microfinance; Disruption; Innovation and Management; Competitive Strategy; North America; Mexico
Chu, Michael, and Carla Larangeira. "GENTERA: Facing the Digital Age." Harvard Business School Case 319-092, March 2019. (Revised October 2020.)
- June 2020
- Article
Frenemies in Platform Markets: Heterogeneous Profit Foci as Drivers of Compatibility Decisions
By: Ron Adner, Jianqing Chen and Feng Zhu
We study compatibility decisions of two competing platform owners that generate profits through both hardware sales and royalties from content sales. We consider a game-theoretic model in which two platforms offer different standalone utilities to users. We find that... View Details
Keywords: Compatibility; Platform Competition; Profit Foci; Digital Platforms; Competition; Profit; Decision Making
Adner, Ron, Jianqing Chen, and Feng Zhu. "Frenemies in Platform Markets: Heterogeneous Profit Foci as Drivers of Compatibility Decisions." Management Science 66, no. 6 (June 2020): 2432–2451.
- 03 Oct 2005
- What Do You Think?
What’s the Future of Globally Organized Labor?
labor organizations should be in their death throes." The kind of thinking needed to meet these challenges for organized labor can be found, according to Walter Blass, in Japan. In his words, "I suggest you look at Japanese unions for a View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett
- 13 Aug 2024
- Op-Ed
Can AI Save Physicians from Burnout?
procedure performed or patient seen, without explicit rewards for the quality of the services rendered. This model translates internally into an incentive system that prioritizes patient volume over patient value. That is, physicians are... View Details
- August 2022 (Revised December 2022)
- Case
Iluméxico: For Every Family to Have Power
By: Brian Trelstad, Isa Oliveres and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago
In 2022, Manuel Wiechers, the CEO of Iluméxico, a for-profit social enterprise that provided off-grid solar energy services in rural Mexico, was finalizing his presentation for the company’s upcoming board meeting. In the 12 years since Wiechers had co-founded... View Details
Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Social Enterprise; Energy; Energy Policy; Energy Generation; Energy Sources; Growth Management; Business and Government Relations; Equity; Internet and the Web; Business Model; Energy Industry; Mexico; Latin America
Trelstad, Brian, Isa Oliveres, and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago. "Iluméxico: For Every Family to Have Power." Harvard Business School Case 323-026, August 2022. (Revised December 2022.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Market for Healthcare in Low Income Countries
By: Abhijit Banerjee, Abhijit Chowdhury, Jishnu Das, Jeffrey Hammer, Reshmaan Hussam and Aakash Mohpal
Patient trust is an important driver of the demand for healthcare. But it may also impact supply:
doctors who realize that patients may not trust them may adjust their behavior in response. We
assemble a large dataset that assesses clinical performance using... View Details
Banerjee, Abhijit, Abhijit Chowdhury, Jishnu Das, Jeffrey Hammer, Reshmaan Hussam, and Aakash Mohpal. "The Market for Healthcare in Low Income Countries." Working Paper, July 2023.
- December 2013 (Revised April 2025)
- Case
The PGA Tour (A)
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Cole Magrath
In 1994, the PGA Tour (the "Tour"), the dominant incumbent professional golf circuit, had created tremendous value for its players. In the 1974 season, players competed for $8 million in prize money; by the 1994 season, the total prize purse had increased to $56... View Details
Keywords: PGA Tour; Tim Finchem; Deane Beman; Golf; Professional Golf; Business Model; Value Creation; Competition; Adaptation; Monopoly; Globalization; Sports; Business Strategy; Sports Industry; United States
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Cole Magrath. "The PGA Tour (A)." Harvard Business School Case 714-442, December 2013. (Revised April 2025.)
- March 2009
- Article
Risk Management and Calculative Cultures
By: Anette Mikes
Enterprise risk management (ERM) has recently emerged as a widespread practice in financial institutions. It has been increasingly codified and encrypted into regulatory, corporate governance and organisational management blueprints. A burgeoning literature of... View Details
Keywords: Risk Management; Practice; Banks and Banking; Corporate Governance; Value; Business and Shareholder Relations; Managerial Roles; Culture; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business or Company Management; Financial Services Industry
Mikes, Anette. "Risk Management and Calculative Cultures." Management Accounting Research 20, no. 1 (March 2009): 18–40. (
Winner of David Solomons Prize For the best paper in each annual volume of Management Accounting Research presented by Chartered Institute of Management Accountants
.)- 29 Apr 2013
- Working Paper Summaries
Exclusive Preferential Placement as Search Diversion: Evidence from Flight Search
- 2007
- Working Paper
Competition in Modular Clusters
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and C. Jason Woodard
The last twenty years have witnessed the rise of disaggregated "clusters," "networks," or "ecosystems" of firms. In these clusters the activities of R&D, product design, production, distribution, and system integration may be split up among hundreds or even thousands... View Details
Keywords: Price; Profit; Digital Platforms; Industry Clusters; Competition; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and C. Jason Woodard. "Competition in Modular Clusters." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-042, December 2007.
- 18 Jan 2012
- Research & Ideas
Beyond Heroic Entrepreneurs
ever-growing number intend to fund their social ventures through commercially generated revenue rather than charitable donations—a model known as a "hybrid" organization. "Hybrid organizations have a social mission but generate most of... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel