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      • Faculty Publications  (369)

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      • Article

      Fixing What Really Ails Japan

      By: Michael E. Porter and Hirotaka Takeuchi
      Conventional wisdom claims that Japan’s “economic miracle” stemmed from its unique model of government guidance and its revolutionary corporate management techniques. An in-depth study proves this seriously wrong. Rampant government intervention has caused more... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Competition; Innovation and Invention; Business and Government Relations; Japan
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      Porter, Michael E., and Hirotaka Takeuchi. "Fixing What Really Ails Japan." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 3 (May–June 1999): 66–81.
      • June 1998
      • Article

      The Politics of Monetary Leadership and Followership: Stability in the European Monetary System Since the Currency Crisis of 1992

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      Despite widespread scepticism, there is a fundamental continuity in the stability of the European Monetary System (EMS) before and after the 1992 crisis. Although speculative pressures provoked European leaders to widen the fluctuation bands of the Exchange Rate... View Details
      Keywords: Money; Leadership; System; Balance and Stability; Europe
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "The Politics of Monetary Leadership and Followership: Stability in the European Monetary System Since the Currency Crisis of 1992." Political Studies 46, no. 2 (June 1998): 236–259. (Winner of Harrison Prize Awarded each year for the best article published by Political Studies in that volume​.)
      • February 1997 (Revised July 2001)
      • Background Note

      Introduction to Activity-Based Costing

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      Introduces the fundamental notions of activity-based costing (ABC). Motivates ABC by means of a simple example, a single and a diversified pen factory. Proceeds to show how ABC assigns costs more accurately to products and customers by: 1) identifying the activities... View Details
      Keywords: Activity Based Costing and Management
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Introduction to Activity-Based Costing." Harvard Business School Background Note 197-076, February 1997. (Revised July 2001.)
      • July 1996 (Revised August 2024)
      • Case

      Innovative Opportunities to Manage Health Care Delivery

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and D. Scott Lurding
      The purpose of this case is: To familiarize the students with the changing landscape of health care delivery, through chains of retail medical centers and those offering value-based care (VBC).

      To discuss fundamental managerial decisions about their... View Details
      Keywords: Managed Care; Capitation; Strategy
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and D. Scott Lurding. "Innovative Opportunities to Manage Health Care Delivery." Harvard Business School Case 197-011, July 1996. (Revised August 2024.)
      • May 1996
      • Background Note

      The GM's Operational Challenge: Managing Through People

      By: Christopher A. Bartlett and Ashish Nanda
      Highlights and explores how a general manager adds value to the firm at the operational level by managing through people. Discusses how assumptions about human motivation influence the employment contract that the general manager implicitly enters into with the workers... View Details
      Keywords: Employee Relationship Management; Selection and Staffing; Contracts; Managerial Roles; Operations; Problems and Challenges; Labor and Management Relations; Motivation and Incentives; Value
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      Bartlett, Christopher A., and Ashish Nanda. "The GM's Operational Challenge: Managing Through People." Harvard Business School Background Note 396-400, May 1996.
      • February 1996
      • Case

      TRW's Information Services Division: Strategic Human Resource Management

      By: Michael Beer and Gregory C. Rogers
      Looks at a change effort initiated by a human resources manager within a division of TRW. The effort utilizes a change process to try to deal with some of the division's issues around organizational effectiveness, especially that of a long-term strategy. In so doing,... View Details
      Keywords: Human Resources; Change Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Managerial Roles; Strategy; Problems and Challenges
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      Beer, Michael, and Gregory C. Rogers. "TRW's Information Services Division: Strategic Human Resource Management." Harvard Business School Case 496-003, February 1996.
      • November–December 1996
      • Article

      Looking Inward

      By: Michael Beer and Russell A. Eisenstat
      For a business to be successful, there must be a fit between strategy, organizational design, and leadership. Unfortunately, the landscape is littered with failed programs and initiatives. One major reason that the process is so difficult is that most people, when... View Details
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      Beer, Michael, and Russell A. Eisenstat. "Looking Inward." Worldbusiness 2, no. 6 (November–December 1996): 52–53.
      • October 1995
      • Case

      DISC (A) (Abridged)

      By: Nitin Nohria and Scott A. Snook
      Follows the development and implementation of fundamental organizational change in a large government bureaucracy. The case is set in the Defense Industrial Supply Center (DISC) and follows two senior leaders as they grapple with issues of fundamental change in a... View Details
      Keywords: Government Administration; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Restructuring; Transformation; Decision Choices and Conditions; National Security; Leadership Style
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      Nohria, Nitin, and Scott A. Snook. "DISC (A) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 496-029, October 1995.
      • winter 1994
      • Article

      The Fundamental Forces Reshaping U.S. Health Care and How to Respond to Them

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger
      Keywords: Health; Health Industry; United States
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      Herzlinger, Regina E. "The Fundamental Forces Reshaping U.S. Health Care and How to Respond to Them." Managed Care Quarterly (winter 1994).
      • February 1992 (Revised July 1992)
      • Background Note

      Note on Cross-Border Valuation

      By: W. Carl Kester and Julia Morley
      Provides a fundamental technical review of valuation techniques used to assess cross-border investments. Discusses the discounting of free cash flows with a weighted average cost of capital, the use of adjusted present value, and the importance of considering real... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues
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      Kester, W. Carl, and Julia Morley. "Note on Cross-Border Valuation." Harvard Business School Background Note 292-084, February 1992. (Revised July 1992.)
      • December 1991
      • Article

      Intrinsic Bubbles: The Case of Stock Prices

      By: Kenneth A. Froot and M. Obstfeld
      Keywords: Rational Expectations; Equities; Fundamentals; Behavioral Finance; Price Bubble; Stocks; Information; Asset Pricing
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      Froot, Kenneth A., and M. Obstfeld. "Intrinsic Bubbles: The Case of Stock Prices." American Economic Review 81, no. 5 (December 1991): 1189–1214. (Revised from NBER Working Paper No. 3091, March 1992. Reprinted in Speculation and Financial Markets, edited by M. Taylor and L. Gallagher. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2001.)
      • October 1991 (Revised January 2000)
      • Case

      Workplace Safety at Alcoa (A)

      By: Kim B. Clark and Joshua D. Margolis
      Examines the challenge facing the managers of a large aluminum manufacturing plant in its drive to improve workplace safety. The CEO of the company has made safety a top priority. The plant has made good progress in reducing the injury rate, but now confronts the need... View Details
      Keywords: Working Conditions; Safety; Problems and Challenges; Change Management; Operations; Resignation and Termination; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Clark, Kim B., and Joshua D. Margolis. "Workplace Safety at Alcoa (A)." Harvard Business School Case 692-042, October 1991. (Revised January 2000.)
      • December 1989 (Revised December 1992)
      • Teaching Note

      Note on Fundamental Parity Conditions, Teaching Note

      By: W. Carl Kester
      Teaching Note for (9-288-016). View Details
      Keywords: Finance; Theory
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      Kester, W. Carl. "Note on Fundamental Parity Conditions, Teaching Note." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 290-026, December 1989. (Revised December 1992.)
      • Article

      Beyond the Reach of the Invisible Hand: Impediments to Economic Activity, Market Failures, and Profitability

      By: Dennis Yao
      In this paper it is argued that failures of the competitive market are necessary conditions for supranormal profitability. Three fundamental causes of these market failures-production economies and sunk costs, transactions costs, and imperfect information-are developed... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Markets; Failure; Profit; Cost; Information; Market Transactions; Competition; Strategy; Production
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      Yao, Dennis. "Beyond the Reach of the Invisible Hand: Impediments to Economic Activity, Market Failures, and Profitability." Strategic Management Journal 9 (Summer 1988): 59–70. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
      • Article

      Service Fundamentals

      By: Leonard A. Schlesinger
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      Schlesinger, Leonard A. "Service Fundamentals." Restaurant Business (May 23, 1988).
      • February 1988 (Revised November 1994)
      • Background Note

      Note on Fundamental Parity Conditions

      By: W. Carl Kester and Richard P. Melnick
      Provides a simple framework for analyzing expected exchange rate movements. Basic parity and equilibrium conditions are presented including purchasing power parity, forward parity, interest rate parity, the domestic Fisher effect, and the international Fisher effect... View Details
      Keywords: Currency Exchange Rate; Situation or Environment
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      Kester, W. Carl, and Richard P. Melnick. "Note on Fundamental Parity Conditions." Harvard Business School Background Note 288-016, February 1988. (Revised November 1994.)
      • October 1987
      • Case

      Philips Group--1987, The

      By: Francis Aguilar and Michael Y. Yoshino
      Discusses how Philips, a major Dutch-based multinational company, attempts to bring about a fundamental change in its strategy, organization, and culture in response to a rapidly changing market and competitive environment. View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Corporate Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Markets; Change Management; Netherlands
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      Aguilar, Francis, and Michael Y. Yoshino. "Philips Group--1987, The." Harvard Business School Case 388-050, October 1987.
      • September 1984 (Revised October 1992)
      • Background Note

      Distribution Policy

      By: Robert J. Dolan
      Presents some fundamental principles of channels of distribution management. View Details
      Keywords: Distribution Channels
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      Dolan, Robert J. "Distribution Policy." Harvard Business School Background Note 585-045, September 1984. (Revised October 1992.)
      • September 1984 (Revised October 1992)
      • Background Note

      Pricing Policy

      By: Robert J. Dolan
      Presents fundamental pricing principles. View Details
      Keywords: Price
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      Dolan, Robert J. "Pricing Policy." Harvard Business School Background Note 585-044, September 1984. (Revised October 1992.)
      • Research Summary

      Competitive Strategy

      By: Michael E. Porter

      Porter is engaged in a major new body of work on the theoretical foundations of competitive positioning and the underpinnings of sustainable competitive advantage. This research highlights the distinction between positioning and operational effectiveness; the... View Details

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