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      • April 2008 (Revised October 2008)
      • Case

      TD Canada Trust (A): The Green and the Red

      By: Dennis Campbell and Brent Kazan
      The case series illustrates the role of performance measurement and analytics in translating TD-Canada Trust's service model of "comfortable banking" into operational terms. In 2000, in a banking market where consumers and regulators were typically hostile to mergers... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Satisfaction; Commercial Banking; Profit; Balanced Scorecard; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Banking Industry; Canada
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      Campbell, Dennis, and Brent Kazan. "TD Canada Trust (A): The Green and the Red." Harvard Business School Case 108-005, April 2008. (Revised October 2008.)
      • April 2008
      • Case

      Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant: Motivating in Good Times and Bad

      By: Michael Beer and Elizabeth Collins
      In May 2007, the Engstrom Auto Mirrors plant, a relatively small supplier based in Indiana, faces a crisis. The business was in the second year of a downturn. Sales had started to decline in 2005; a year later, plant manager Ron Bent had been forced to lay off more... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Human Resource Management; Incentives; Motivation; Manufacturing; Leadership; Change Management; Employees; Motivation and Incentives; Goals and Objectives; Manufacturing Industry; Indiana
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      Beer, Michael, and Elizabeth Collins. "Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant: Motivating in Good Times and Bad." Harvard Business School Brief Case 082-175, April 2008.
      • May 2008
      • Article

      Excess Comovement of Stock Returns: Evidence from Cross-sectional Variation in Nikkei 225 Weights

      By: Robin Greenwood
      In the presence of limits to arbitrage, cross-sectional variation in periodic investor demand should be related to the degree of comovement of returns. I exploit the unusual weighting system of the Nikkei 225 index in Japan to identify cross-sectional variation in... View Details
      Keywords: Stocks; Investment; Investment Return; Market Transactions; Weight; Performance Expectations; Behavior; Japan
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      Greenwood, Robin. "Excess Comovement of Stock Returns: Evidence from Cross-sectional Variation in Nikkei 225 Weights." Review of Financial Studies 21, no. 3 (May 2008): 1153–1186.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Using Financial Innovation to Support Savers: From Coercion to Excitement

      By: Peter Tufano
      We review a wide variety of programs that support savings by families, in particular by low- and moderate-income families. These programs range from ones that literally compel families to save, to those that make it hard not to save, make it easier to save, provide... View Details
      Keywords: Saving; Motivation and Incentives; Programs; Income; Personal Finance; Family and Family Relationships; Performance Effectiveness
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      Tufano, Peter, and Daniel Schneider. "Using Financial Innovation to Support Savers: From Coercion to Excitement." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-075, April 2008.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      The Small World of Investing: Board Connections and Mutual Fund Returns

      By: Lauren Cohen, Andrea Frazzini and Christopher J. Malloy
      This paper uses social networks to identify information transfer in security markets. We focus on connections between mutual fund managers and corporate board members via shared education networks. We find that portfolio managers place larger bets on firms they are... View Details
      Keywords: Asset Pricing; Investment Portfolio; Governing and Advisory Boards; Knowledge Sharing; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Social and Collaborative Networks; Financial Services Industry
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      Cohen, Lauren, Andrea Frazzini, and Christopher J. Malloy. "The Small World of Investing: Board Connections and Mutual Fund Returns." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-055, January 2008. (Winner of the Barclays Global Investors Award, Best Paper in Asset Pricing, European Finance Association 2007.)
      • November 2007
      • Case

      The 1995 Release of the Institutional Investor Research Report: The Impact of New Information

      By: Boris Groysberg, Nitin Nohria and Derek Haas
      In 1995, Institutional Investor magazine began selling a complete ranking of the best equity research analysts. This report allowed research firms to assess the relative quality of each analyst across the industry, and this enabled firms to know nearly as much about... View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Investment Banking; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Reports; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Performance Evaluation; Banking Industry
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      Groysberg, Boris, Nitin Nohria, and Derek Haas. "The 1995 Release of the Institutional Investor Research Report: The Impact of New Information." Harvard Business School Case 408-061, November 2007.
      • fall 2007
      • Article

      Store Manager Incentive Design and Retail Performance: An Exploratory Investigation

      By: Nicole DeHoratius and Ananth Raman
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Management; Design; Performance; Information
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      DeHoratius, Nicole, and Ananth Raman. "Store Manager Incentive Design and Retail Performance: An Exploratory Investigation." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 9, no. 4 (fall 2007).
      • June 2007
      • Article

      What Is the Impact of Software Patent Shifts? Evidence from Lotus v. Borland

      By: Josh Lerner and Feng Zhu
      Economists have debated the extent to which strengthening patent protection spurs or detracts from technological innovation. This paper examines the reduction of software copyright protection in the Lotus v. Borland decision. If patent and copyright protections are... View Details
      Keywords: Applications and Software; Patents; Information Technology; Information Technology Industry
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      Lerner, Josh, and Feng Zhu. "What Is the Impact of Software Patent Shifts? Evidence from Lotus v. Borland." International Journal of Industrial Organization 25, no. 3 (June 2007): 511–529. (Earlier version distributed as National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 11168.)
      • May 2007
      • Article

      Inner Work Life: Understanding the Subtext of Business Performance

      By: Teresa M. Amabile and Steven J. Kramer
      Anyone in management knows that employees have their good days and their bad days and that, for the most part, the reasons for their ups and downs are unknown. Most managers simply shrug their shoulders at this fact of work life. But does it matter, in terms of... View Details
      Keywords: Employees; Performance; Motivation and Incentives; Perception; Practice
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      Amabile, Teresa M., and Steven J. Kramer. "Inner Work Life: Understanding the Subtext of Business Performance." Harvard Business Review 85, no. 5 (May 2007).
      • April 2007
      • Article

      Wintel: Cooperation and Conflict

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and David B. Yoffie
      We study competitive interactions between Intel and Microsoft, two producers of complementary products. In a system of complements, like the PC, the value of the final product depends on how well the different components work together. This, in turn, depends on the... View Details
      Keywords: Conflict and Resolution; Competition; Cooperation; Value; Performance Effectiveness; Research and Development; Motivation and Incentives; Investment; Price; Product Launch; Product
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and David B. Yoffie. "Wintel: Cooperation and Conflict." Management Science 53, no. 4 (April 2007): pp. 584–598.
      • January 2007
      • Exercise

      Multifactor Models

      By: Malcolm P. Baker
      Students evaluate the performance of four mutual funds and compute the cost of capital for two companies using fixed benchmarks, the CAPM, and a multifactor model of returns. View Details
      Keywords: Cost of Capital; Performance Evaluation; Business Model; Investment Funds; Investment Return; Motivation and Incentives; Markets
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      Baker, Malcolm P. "Multifactor Models." Harvard Business School Exercise 207-056, January 2007.
      • September 2006 (Revised April 2007)
      • Supplement

      Tim Keller at Katzenbach Partners LLC (C)

      By: Boris Groysberg, Christopher Marquis and Ayesha Kanji
      Supplements the (A) case. The (C) case includes Keller's actual 2006 mid-year and self evaluations. View Details
      Keywords: Projects; Management; Leadership; Organizations; Situation or Environment; Competition; Rank and Position; Attitudes; Motivation and Incentives; Performance Evaluation; Consulting Industry
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      Groysberg, Boris, Christopher Marquis, and Ayesha Kanji. "Tim Keller at Katzenbach Partners LLC (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 407-039, September 2006. (Revised April 2007.)
      • August 2006
      • Article

      Investor Sentiment and the Cross Section of Stock Returns

      By: Malcolm Baker and Jeffrey Wurgler
      We examine how investor sentiment affects the cross-section of stock returns. Theory predicts that a broad wave of sentiment will disproportionately affect stocks whose valuations are highly subjective and are difficult to arbitrage. We test this prediction by... View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Finance; Stocks; Investment Return; Forecasting and Prediction; Motivation and Incentives; Risk and Uncertainty; Volatility
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      Baker, Malcolm, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Investor Sentiment and the Cross Section of Stock Returns." Journal of Finance 61, no. 4 (August 2006): 1645–1680.
      • April 2006 (Revised May 2007)
      • Case

      Apple Computer, 2006

      By: David B. Yoffie and Michael Slind
      Apple has reaped the benefits of its innovative music player, the iPod. However, its PC and server business continue to hold small market share relative to the worldwide computer over the past few years. Will the iPod lure new users to the Mac? Will Apple be able to... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Product Positioning; Performance Evaluation; Information Infrastructure; Music Entertainment; Time Management; Information Technology Industry
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      Yoffie, David B., and Michael Slind. "Apple Computer, 2006." Harvard Business School Case 706-496, April 2006. (Revised May 2007.)
      • 2006
      • Working Paper

      Too Motivated?

      By: Eric J. Van den Steen

      I show that an agent's motivation to do well (objectively) may be unambiguously bad in a world with differing priors, i.e., when people openly disagree on the optimal course of action. The reason is that an agent who is strongly motivated is more likely to follow... View Details

      Keywords: Governance Controls; Employees; Wages; Measurement and Metrics; Outcome or Result; Performance; Agency Theory; Motivation and Incentives
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      Van den Steen, Eric J. "Too Motivated?" Sloan School of Management Working Paper, No. 4547-05, April 2006. (Available at SSRN.)
      • Article

      Policy Implications of Weak Patent Rights

      By: James J. Anton, Hillary Greene and Dennis Yao
      Patents vary substantially in the degree of protection provided against unauthorized imitation. In this chapter we explore a range of work addressing the economic and policy implications of "weak" patents—patents that have a significant probability of being overturned... View Details
      Keywords: Patents; Motivation and Incentives; Entrepreneurship; Competition; Policy; Innovation and Invention; Rights; Monopoly; Business Startups
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      Anton, James J., Hillary Greene, and Dennis Yao. "Policy Implications of Weak Patent Rights." Innovation Policy and the Economy 6 (2006): 1–26. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
      • 2006
      • Working Paper

      The Limits of Authority: Motivation versus Coordination

      By: Eric J. Van den Steen

      This paper studies the effects of open disagreement on motivation and coordination. It shows how, in the presence of differing priors, motivation and coordination impose conflicting demands on the allocation of authority, leading to a trade-off between the... View Details

      Keywords: Decisions; Governance Controls; Organizational Culture; Agency Theory; Conflict and Resolution; Motivation and Incentives
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      Van den Steen, Eric J. "The Limits of Authority: Motivation versus Coordination." Sloan School of Management Working Paper, No. 4626-06, January 2006. (Available at SSRN.)
      • November 2005 (Revised July 2006)
      • Background Note

      Understanding Economic Value Added

      By: Mihir A. Desai, Fabrizio Ferri and Steve Treadwell
      Explores the concept of economic value added (EVA) and its practical applications as a management control system for performance measurement and incentive compensation. Explains how EVA is measured and explores some of the adjustments to financial statements that are... View Details
      Keywords: Value
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      Desai, Mihir A., Fabrizio Ferri, and Steve Treadwell. "Understanding Economic Value Added." Harvard Business School Background Note 206-016, November 2005. (Revised July 2006.)
      • November 2005 (Revised May 2007)
      • Case

      Leading Change at Simmons (A)

      By: Tiziana E. Casciaro, Amy C. Edmondson, Stacy McManus and Kate Roloff
      Explores the challenge of managing large-scale organizational change at Simmons, an old and established company that manufactures and distributes mattresses. The new CEO, Charlie Eitel, hired to turn the organization's performance around, considers whether to implement... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Motivation and Incentives; Leading Change; Employee Relationship Management; Manufacturing Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Casciaro, Tiziana E., Amy C. Edmondson, Stacy McManus, and Kate Roloff. "Leading Change at Simmons (A)." Harvard Business School Case 406-046, November 2005. (Revised May 2007.)
      • Article

      Trust and Incentives in Agency

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Daniel F Spulber
      Contracts between a principal and an agent are not formed in a vacuum. Although formal contracts between a principal and an agent contain explicit incentives for performance, the relationship between a principal and an agent also involves implicit incentives. Three... View Details
      Keywords: Trust; Motivation and Incentives; Agency Theory; Contracts; Market Transactions; Performance; Relationships; Societal Protocols; Legal Liability; Cost
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Daniel F Spulber. "Trust and Incentives in Agency." Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 15, no. 1 (Fall 2005): 45–104.
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