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      • Faculty Publications  (483)

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      • September 2009 (Revised June 2011)
      • Supplement

      Citigroup's Exchange Offer (C)

      By: Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
      Citigroup faced considerable distress in early 2009. In late 2008, the bank had accepted $45 billion in preferred equity from the United States government via the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP). Yet, the stock had continued to slide in early 2009. In late... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Instruments; Financial Services Industry
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      Greenwood, Robin, and James Quinn. "Citigroup's Exchange Offer (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 210-015, September 2009. (Revised June 2011.)
      • July 2009 (Revised June 2015)
      • Case

      Citigroup's Exchange Offer

      By: Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
      Citigroup faced considerable distress in early 2009. In late 2008, the bank had accepted $45 billion in preferred equity from the United States government via the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP). Yet, the stock had continued to slide in early 2009. In late... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Capital Markets; Banks and Banking; Stocks; Price; Globalized Markets and Industries; Financial Services Industry
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      Greenwood, Robin, and James Quinn. "Citigroup's Exchange Offer." Harvard Business School Case 210-009, July 2009. (Revised June 2015.)
      • June 2009 (Revised May 2010)
      • Background Note

      A Note on Cost Reduction in Financially Troubled Organizations

      By: Paul W. Marshall
      This note discusses methods for reducing costs, particularly labor costs, in a financially distressed organization. View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Entrepreneurship; Cost Management; Financial Condition; Labor; Crisis Management
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      Marshall, Paul W. "A Note on Cost Reduction in Financially Troubled Organizations." Harvard Business School Background Note 809-161, June 2009. (Revised May 2010.)
      • May 2009 (Revised June 2011)
      • Case

      Going to the Oracle: Goldman Sachs, September 2008

      By: Clayton S. Rose and David Lane
      On September 23, 2008, in the midst of an historic crisis in the U.S. financial markets, Warren Buffet's Berkshire Hathaway invested $5 billion in Goldman Sachs. Goldman CEO, Lloyd Blankfein, said: "We are pleased that given our longstanding relationship, Warren... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Financial Crisis; Capital Structure; Financial Liquidity; Financial Markets; Investment; Performance Capacity; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Rose, Clayton S., and David Lane. "Going to the Oracle: Goldman Sachs, September 2008." Harvard Business School Case 309-069, May 2009. (Revised June 2011.)
      • 2009
      • Working Paper

      Don't Just Survive - Thrive: Leading Innovation in Good Times and Bad

      By: Lynda M. Applegate and J. Bruce Harreld
      Battered by contracting markets and frozen credit, many businesses today are fighting for survival. Indeed, the current global financial crisis provides a mandate for restructuring. But survival is not the end goal. In fact, cost cutting and restructuring are simply... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Risk Management; Leading Change; Innovation and Management; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy
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      Applegate, Lynda M., and J. Bruce Harreld. "Don't Just Survive - Thrive: Leading Innovation in Good Times and Bad." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-127, April 2009. (Revised May 2009.)
      • April 2009 (Revised March 2010)
      • Background Note

      Restructuring Distressed Companies -- Cross-National Comparisons

      By: William E. Fruhan
      This note describes briefly bankruptcy regimes and out of court restructuring in 5 countries, the U.S., the U.K., Germany, France and Japan. View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Laws and Statutes
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      Fruhan, William E. "Restructuring Distressed Companies -- Cross-National Comparisons." Harvard Business School Background Note 209-111, April 2009. (Revised March 2010.)
      • March 2009 (Revised November 2016)
      • Case

      Washington Mutual's Covered Bonds

      By: Daniel Baird Bergstresser, Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
      Washington Mutual issued 6 billion euro of covered bonds in 2006. The objective of the case is to ask whether these bonds are mispriced in late 2008. The case is set in September 2008, and Washington Mutual is facing considerable distress due to mounting losses in its... View Details
      Keywords: Capital Markets; Financial Liquidity; Bonds; Mortgages; Price; Banking Industry; United States
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      Bergstresser, Daniel Baird, Robin Greenwood, and James Quinn. "Washington Mutual's Covered Bonds." Harvard Business School Case 209-093, March 2009. (Revised November 2016.)
      • March 2009 (Revised September 2011)
      • Case

      UBS and Auction Rate Securities (A)

      By: Daniel Baird Bergstresser, Shawn A. Cole and Siddharth Bhaskar Shenai
      UBS, a global financial services company, must decide whether to continue to support the market for Auction Rate Securities in the face of a growing financial crisis. These instruments, underwritten by UBS, were marketed to clients as highly liquid and safe... View Details
      Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Financial Crisis; Asset Pricing; Financial Liquidity; Financial Instruments; Government Legislation; Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Services Industry
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      Bergstresser, Daniel Baird, Shawn A. Cole, and Siddharth Bhaskar Shenai. "UBS and Auction Rate Securities (A)." Harvard Business School Case 209-119, March 2009. (Revised September 2011.)
      • March 2009 (Revised November 2009)
      • Case

      WL Ross and Plascar

      By: C. Fritz Foley and Linnea Meyer
      How can distressed investors take advantage of the procedures governing an international bankruptcy? Wilbur L. Ross, chairman and CEO of the private equity firm WL Ross & Co., LLC, has the opportunity to bid for debt and equity claims on Plascar Industria e Comercio... View Details
      Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Private Equity; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Investment; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Globalized Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries
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      Foley, C. Fritz, and Linnea Meyer. "WL Ross and Plascar." Harvard Business School Case 209-091, March 2009. (Revised November 2009.)
      • March 2009 (Revised March 2010)
      • Case

      Groupe Eurotunnel S.A. (A)

      By: Stuart C. Gilson, Vincent Marie Dessain and Sarah Abbott
      In the summer of 2006, the chairman and CEO of Eurotunnel Group is faced with the decision whether to file for bankruptcy protection, after having failed to gain creditor approval of an ambitious out-of-court restructuring plan. The company, which has been attempting... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Capital Structure; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Laws and Statutes; Risk Management; Rail Industry; France; United Kingdom
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      Gilson, Stuart C., Vincent Marie Dessain, and Sarah Abbott. "Groupe Eurotunnel S.A. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 209-062, March 2009. (Revised March 2010.)
      • March 2009 (Revised November 2009)
      • Supplement

      Washington Mutual's Covered Bonds Courseware

      By: Daniel Baird Bergstresser, Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
      Washington Mutual issues 6 billion Euro of covered bonds in 2006. The objective of the case is to ask whether these bonds are mispriced in late 2008. The case is set in September 20008, and Washington Mutual is facing considerable distress due to mounting losses on its... View Details
      Keywords: Banks and Banking; Bonds; Education; Information; Banking Industry
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      Bergstresser, Daniel Baird, Robin Greenwood, and James Quinn. "Washington Mutual's Covered Bonds Courseware." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 209-724, March 2009. (Revised November 2009.)
      • May 2009
      • Article

      Asymmetric Information Effects on Loan Spreads

      By: Victoria Ivashina
      The paper estimates the cost arising from information asymmetry between the lead bank and members of the lending syndicate. In a lending syndicate, the lead bank retains only a fraction of the loan but acts as the intermediary between the borrower and the syndicate... View Details
      Keywords: Cost; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Interest Rates; Capital; Investment Portfolio; Credit; Diversification; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Ivashina, Victoria. "Asymmetric Information Effects on Loan Spreads." Journal of Financial Economics 92, no. 2 (May 2009): 300–319.
      • January 2009
      • Article

      Multinationals as Arbitrageurs? The Effect of Stock Market Valuations on Foreign Direct Investment

      By: Malcolm Baker, C. Fritz Foley and Jeffrey Wurgler
      Empirical evidence of imperfect integration across world capital markets suggests a role for cross-border arbitrage by multinationals. Consistent with multinational arbitrage as a determinant of foreign direct investment (FDI) patterns, we find that FDI flows increase... View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Financial Markets; Foreign Direct Investment; Valuation; Capital Markets; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Cost; Forecasting and Prediction; Capital; Stocks; Integration
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      Baker, Malcolm, C. Fritz Foley, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Multinationals as Arbitrageurs? The Effect of Stock Market Valuations on Foreign Direct Investment." Review of Financial Studies 22, no. 1 (January 2009): 337–369.
      • December 2008
      • Case

      JBS Swift & Co.

      By: David E. Bell and Cathy Ross
      Brazilian meat packer JBS surprised many in the U.S. beef industry when it acquired Swift & Co.—a company more than five times its size—in 2007, then moved to acquire the U.S.'s fourth and fifth largest beef producers in 2008. The new JBS Swift slashed costs and... View Details
      Keywords: Animal-Based Agribusiness; Mergers and Acquisitions; Restructuring; Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Global Strategy; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; United States; Brazil
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      Bell, David E., and Cathy Ross. "JBS Swift & Co." Harvard Business School Case 509-021, December 2008.
      • October 2008 (Revised November 2010)
      • Case

      NEC Electronics

      By: C. Fritz Foley, Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
      Why do shares in NEC Electronics, a publicly listed subsidiary of Japan conglomerate NEC, trade at a discount to their fundamental value? Can Perry Capital, a U.S. hedge fund, restructure this subsidiary and generate significant returns? This case provides students... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Private Equity; Investment Return; Ownership Stake; Business and Shareholder Relations; Financial Services Industry; Japan
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      Foley, C. Fritz, Robin Greenwood, and James Quinn. "NEC Electronics." Harvard Business School Case 209-001, October 2008. (Revised November 2010.)
      • fall 2008
      • Article

      The Intermediation of Financial Risks: Evolution in the Catastrophe Reinsurance Market

      By: Kenneth A. Froot
      In this paper, I provide evidence concerning the imperfections in the reinsurance market. I try to get at some of the root causes of these imperfections, e.g., the behavior of ratings firms and the agency problems associated with the corporate form of ownership. I also... View Details
      Keywords: Catastrophe Risk; Corporate Finance; Banking And Insurance; Hedging; Banking; Financial Markets; Insurance; Policy; Risk Management; Natural Disasters; Cost of Capital; Asset Pricing; Insurance Industry
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      Froot, Kenneth A. "The Intermediation of Financial Risks: Evolution in the Catastrophe Reinsurance Market." Risk Management and Insurance Review 11, no. 2 (fall 2008): 281–294.
      • August 2008 (Revised May 2009)
      • Case

      Kmart and ESL Investments (A)

      By: Stuart C. Gilson and Sarah Abbott
      A major bankrupt retailer is poised to emerge from Chapter 11. Two activist hedge funds ("vulture investors") will own over 50% of reorganized Kmart's common stock, based on prior investments in Kmart's debt claims, and an infusion of new equity financing. The Chapter... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Capital Structure; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Investment; Investment Activism; Valuation; Financial Services Industry; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Gilson, Stuart C., and Sarah Abbott. "Kmart and ESL Investments (A)." Harvard Business School Case 209-044, August 2008. (Revised May 2009.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Extending Producer Responsibility: An Evaluation Framework for Product Take-Back Policies

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Antoinette Stein and Katharine Lee
      Manufacturers are increasingly being required to adhere to product take-back regulations that require them to manage their products at the end of life. Such regulations seek to internalize products' entire life cycle costs into market prices, with the ultimate... View Details
      Keywords: Product; Cost; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability
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      Toffel, Michael W., Antoinette Stein, and Katharine Lee. "Extending Producer Responsibility: An Evaluation Framework for Product Take-Back Policies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-026, July 2008. (September 2008.)
      • June 2008 (Revised October 2008)
      • Case

      International Carbon Finance and EcoSecurities

      By: Andre F. Perold, Forest L. Reinhardt and Mikell Hyman
      In late 2007, EcoSecurities had to decide whether to undertake a new Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project in China. EcoSecurities was an aggregator of carbon credits and also invested directly in projects that produced carbon credits. Governments and firms... View Details
      Keywords: Non-Renewable Energy; Cost Management; Investment Return; Business and Government Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Investment; Cash Flow; Valuation; Pollutants; Environmental Sustainability; Financial Services Industry; China
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      Perold, Andre F., Forest L. Reinhardt, and Mikell Hyman. "International Carbon Finance and EcoSecurities." Harvard Business School Case 208-151, June 2008. (Revised October 2008.)
      • May 2008
      • Article

      Regulation and Bonding: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Flow of International Listings

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Joseph Piotroski
      In this paper, we examine the economic impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) by analyzing foreign listing behavior onto U.S. and U.K. stock exchanges before and after the enactment of the Act in 2002. Using a sample of all listing events onto U.S. and U.K. exchanges... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Stocks; Government Legislation; Market Transactions; Motivation and Incentives; United Kingdom; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Joseph Piotroski. "Regulation and Bonding: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Flow of International Listings." Journal of Accounting Research 46, no. 2 (May 2008).
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