Publications

Teaching Note for (9-197-036). View Details

Keywords: United States

June 1997 (Revised May 1998)
Case

Mobil USM&R (A1)

First of a two-part case on the development and use of a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) at Mobil's US Marketing and Refining Division. Split from the original (A) case to give students an opportunity to suggest objectives and measures for the division's initial BSC, without... View Details

Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Measurement and Metrics; Restructuring; Corporate Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Growth and Development Strategy; Management Teams; Marketing Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; Mining Industry; Energy Industry; United States

June 1997 (Revised May 1998)
Case

Mobil USM&R (A2)

Second of a two-part case on the development and use of a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) at Mobil's US Marketing and Refining Division. This case describes the completed BSC, and how this was linked to the BSCs of the independent business units and the internal service... View Details

Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Performance Evaluation; Management Teams; Management Practices and Processes; Executive Compensation; Motivation and Incentives; Corporate Strategy; Energy Industry; Mining Industry; United States

June/July 1997
Article

Why Does Business Need a Balanced Scorecard? Part II

By: Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton

Keywords: Balanced Scorecard

Article

Why Does Business Need a Balanced Scorecard? Part II

By: Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton

Keywords: Balanced Scorecard

April 1997
Case

Peoria Engine Plant (A): (Abridged)

By: Robert S. Kaplan and Amy P. Hutton

Describes the cost control system used at an automobile engine plant for labor and overhead costs. The finance staff prepares daily, weekly, and monthly variance reports against budgets. Department supervisors, finance staff, and the plant manager discuss the use and... View Details

Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Cost Management; Financial Reporting; Performance Improvement; Budgets and Budgeting; Auto Industry

April 1997
Case

Romeo Engine Plant (Abridged)

By: Robert S. Kaplan and Amy P. Hutton

A newly reopened automobile engine plant has been organized along total quality and teamwork principles. Employees now solve problems and ensure quality, rather than watch parts being produced. New operating and financial systems have been installed to promote... View Details

Keywords: Cost Accounting; Cost Management; Groups and Teams; Employees; Performance Improvement; Auto Industry

April 1997
Background Note

Using ABC to Manage Customer Mix and Relationships

Describes applying activity-based costing to manage customer relationships. Links cost-to-serve to net margins earned with individual customers. View Details

Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Activity Based Costing and Management

1 Apr 1997
Conference Presentation

Comments on 'The Commission on Auditors' Responsibilites: Report of Tentative Conclusions

Keywords: Accounting Audits

March 1997 (Revised June 1999)
Background Note

Using Activity-Based Costing with Budgeted Expenses and Practical Capacity

Describes how activity-based costing (ABC) should be applied with: 1) budgeted, not historical, expenses and 2) assigning the costs of capacity resources. View Details

Keywords: Cost Accounting; Activity Based Costing and Management; Budgets and Budgeting

February 1997 (Revised June 1999)
Background Note

Committed and Flexible Resources

Stresses the difference between costs committed in advance of knowing actual demand (committed costs) and cost incurred proportional to demand. Committed costs appear fixed since their supply is independent of the amount actually used. Flexible resources are supplied... View Details

Keywords: Cost

February 1997 (Revised July 2001)
Background Note

Introduction to Activity-Based Costing

Introduces the fundamental notions of activity-based costing (ABC). Motivates ABC by means of a simple example, a single and a diversified pen factory. Proceeds to show how ABC assigns costs more accurately to products and customers by: 1) identifying the activities... View Details

Keywords: Activity Based Costing and Management

February/March 1997
Article

Why Does Business Need a Balanced Scorecard? Part I

By: Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton

Keywords: Balanced Scorecard

January 1997
Background Note

Assigning Support Department Expenses to Production Cost Centers (B): Flexible Budgets

Describes the use of flexible budgets to assign support/service department costs to production cost centers. View Details

Keywords: Cost; Financial Strategy; Budgets and Budgeting

December 1996 (Revised February 2000)
Background Note

Assigning Support Department Expenses to Production Cost Centers (A)

Describes the first stage of the two-stage cost assignment process from support/service departments to production cost centers. View Details

Keywords: Cost

November 1996 (Revised April 1999)
Case

United Way of Southeastern New England (UWSENE)

By: Robert S. Kaplan and Ellen L. Kaplan / RA

A regional United Way organization, a nonprofit already active in total quality management, implements a Balanced Scorecard to link its strategic planning objectives with day-to-day operations, and is able to translate its vision and strategy into objectives and... View Details

Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Nonprofit Organizations; Governing and Advisory Boards; Strategy; United States

Article

Knowing the Score

By: Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton

October 1996 (Revised April 1998)
Case

Mobil USM&R (D): Gasoline Marketing

Mobil US Marketing & Refining has shifted from a centralized staff-driven organization to decentralized business-units. Staff functions now must negotiate service agreements with a buyer's committee consisting of representatives from the profit-center business units.... View Details

Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Management Teams; Human Resources; Agreements and Arrangements; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Customers; Situation or Environment; Business Units; Energy Industry; Mining Industry; United States

September 1996 (Revised September 1999)
Case

Mobil USM&R (A): Linking the Balanced Scorecard

The CEO of the marketing and refining division of a major oil company is in the midst of implementing a profit turnaround. He transforms the strongly centralized, functionally-organized division into 17 independent business units and 14 internal service companies. The... View Details

Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Measurement and Metrics; Management Practices and Processes; Organizational Design; Balanced Scorecard; Corporate Strategy; Mining Industry; Energy Industry

September 1996 (Revised April 1998)
Case

Mobil USM&R (B): New England Sales and Distribution

The general manager of a local gasoline/distillate sales and distribution business unit must communicate a new strategy to the unit's 300 employees. An initial strategic planning exercise identified a high-priority list of opportunities that blended the parent... View Details

Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Adoption; Strategic Planning; Customization and Personalization; Management Practices and Processes; Growth and Development Strategy; Measurement and Metrics; Motivation and Incentives; Performance Evaluation; Energy Industry; Mining Industry; United States