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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (1,598)
      • Faculty Publications  (369)

      Treatment Effect EstimationRemove Treatment Effect Estimation →

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      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Applying Random Coefficient Models to Strategy Research: Testing for Firm Heterogeneity, Predicting Firm-Specific Coefficients, and Estimating Strategy Trade-Offs

      By: Juan Alcacer, Wilbur Chung, Ashton Hawk and Goncalo Pacheco-de-Almeida
      Although Strategy research aims to understand how firm actions have differential effects on performance, most empirical research estimates the average effects of these actions across firms. This paper promotes Random Coefficients Models (RCMs) as an ideal empirical... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Mathematical Methods
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      Alcacer, Juan, Wilbur Chung, Ashton Hawk, and Goncalo Pacheco-de-Almeida. "Applying Random Coefficient Models to Strategy Research: Testing for Firm Heterogeneity, Predicting Firm-Specific Coefficients, and Estimating Strategy Trade-Offs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-022, September 2013.
      • September 2013 (Revised January 2016)
      • Case

      The Abraaj Group and the Acibadem Healthcare Investment (A)

      By: Paul A. Gompers, Bora Uluduz and Firdevs Abacioglu
      This case concerns the proposed buyout of Acibadem, a leading hospital chain in Turkey. Abraaj, a MENA region private equity firm, proposes to make its first investment in Turkey. The case highlights the role of Turkish health care reform in driving the value. The... View Details
      Keywords: Healthcare; Leveraged Buyouts; Private Equity; Health Care and Treatment; Europe
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      Gompers, Paul A., Bora Uluduz, and Firdevs Abacioglu. "The Abraaj Group and the Acibadem Healthcare Investment (A)." Harvard Business School Case 214-021, September 2013. (Revised January 2016.)
      • September–October 2013
      • Article

      Learning from Customers: Individual and Organizational Effects in Outsourced Radiological Services

      By: Jonathan R. Clark, Robert S. Huckman and Bradley R. Staats
      The ongoing fragmentation of work has resulted in a narrowing of tasks into smaller pieces that can be sent outside the organization and, in many instances, around the world. This trend is shifting the boundaries of organizations and leading to increased outsourcing.... View Details
      Keywords: Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Medical Specialties; Health Care and Treatment; Customer Focus and Relationships; Learning; Customer Satisfaction; Health Industry
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      Clark, Jonathan R., Robert S. Huckman, and Bradley R. Staats. "Learning from Customers: Individual and Organizational Effects in Outsourced Radiological Services." Organization Science 24, no. 5 (September–October 2013): 1539–1557.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      International Health Economics

      By: Mark Egan and Tomas J. Philipson
      Perhaps because health care is a local service sector, health economists have paid little attention to international linkages between domestic health care economies. However, the growth in domestic health care sectors is often attributed to medical innovations whose... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Innovation and Invention; Global Range; Economics
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      Egan, Mark, and Tomas J. Philipson. "International Health Economics." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 19280, August 2013.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Where do the Most Active Customers Originate and How Can Firms Keep Them Engaged?

      By: Clarence Lee, E. Ofek and Thomas Steenburgh
      In this paper, we study how firms offering Web services can acquire and develop an active customer base. We focus on two basic questions. First, how does the method of customer acquisition affect the way customers use the service to meet their own needs and to interact... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Engagement; Adoption Routes; Hidden Markov Models; Search; Word-of-Mouth; Digital Media; Customer Relationship Management; Internet and the Web; Mathematical Methods; Consumer Behavior; Entrepreneurship; Marketing Reference Programs; Web Services Industry
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      Lee, Clarence, E. Ofek, and Thomas Steenburgh. "Where do the Most Active Customers Originate and How Can Firms Keep Them Engaged?" Working Paper, 2013. (Revise and Resubmit at Management Science.)
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Do Display Ads Influence Search?: Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising

      By: Sunil Gupta
      As firms increasingly rely on online media to acquire consumers, marketing managers feel comfortable justifying higher online marketing spend by referring to online metrics such as click-through rate (CTR) and cost per acquisition (CPA). However, these standard online... View Details
      Keywords: Internet and the Web; Digital Marketing
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      Kireyev, Pavel, Koen Pauwels, and Sunil Gupta. "Do Display Ads Influence Search? Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-070, February 2013.
      • Article

      Effects of Description of Options on Parental Perinatal Decision-Making

      By: Marlyse F. Haward, Leslie K. John, John M. Lorenz and Baruch Fischhoff
      Objective: To examine whether parents' delivery room management decisions for extremely preterm infants are influenced by (a) the degree of detail with which options-comfort care (CC) or intensive care (IC)-are presented or (b) their order of presentation. Methods: 309... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Values and Beliefs; Personal Characteristics; Attitudes; Motivation and Incentives; Family and Family Relationships; Health Care and Treatment
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      Haward, Marlyse F., Leslie K. John, John M. Lorenz, and Baruch Fischhoff. "Effects of Description of Options on Parental Perinatal Decision-Making." Pediatrics 129, no. 5 (May 2012): 891–902.
      • December 2012
      • Article

      Estimating the Value of Connections to Vice-President Cheney

      By: Rakesh Khurana, Raymond Fisman, Julia Galef and Yongxiang Wang
      We estimate the market valuation of personal ties to Richard Cheney. Our proxies for personal ties are based on corporate board linkages that are prevalent in the network sociology literature. We consider a number of distinct political and personal events that either... View Details
      Keywords: Event Analysis; Political Economy; Corruption; Networks; United States
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      Khurana, Rakesh, Raymond Fisman, Julia Galef, and Yongxiang Wang. "Estimating the Value of Connections to Vice-President Cheney." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 13, no. 3 (December 2012).
      • Article

      When Talk Is "Free": The Effect of Tariff Structure on Usage Under Two- and Three-Part Tariffs

      By: Eva Ascarza, Anja Lambrecht and Naufel Vilcassim
      In many service industries, firms introduce three-part tariffs to replace or complement existing two-part tariffs. In contrast with two-part tariffs, three-part tariffs offer allowances, or “free” units of the service. Behavioral research suggests that the attributes... View Details
      Keywords: Pricing; Nonlinear Pricing; Discrete/continuous Choice Model; Three-part Tariffs; Free Products; Price; Consumer Behavior; Analysis; Learning; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Ascarza, Eva, Anja Lambrecht, and Naufel Vilcassim. When Talk Is "Free": The Effect of Tariff Structure on Usage Under Two- and Three-Part Tariffs. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 49, no. 6 (December 2012): 882–900.
      • November 2012
      • Article

      Empirical Observations on Longer-term Use of Incentives for Weight Loss

      By: Leslie K. John, George Loewenstein and Kevin Volpp
      Behavioral economic-based interventions are emerging as powerful tools to help individuals accomplish their own goals, including weight loss. Deposit contract incentive systems give participants the opportunity to put their money down toward losing weight, which they... View Details
      Keywords: Weight Loss; Obesity; Behavioral Economics; Intervention; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives
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      John, Leslie K., George Loewenstein, and Kevin Volpp. "Empirical Observations on Longer-term Use of Incentives for Weight Loss." Preventive Medicine 55, Supplement 1 (November 2012): S68–S74.
      • November 2012
      • Article

      The Variance of Non-Parametric Treatment Effect Estimators in the Presence of Clustering

      By: Samuel G. Hanson and Adi Sunderam
      Non-parametric estimators of treatment effects are often applied in settings where clustering may be important. We provide a general methodology for consistently estimating the variance of a large class of non-parametric estimators, including the simple matching... View Details
      Keywords: Treatment Effects; Matching Estimators; Clustering; Applications and Software; Mathematical Methods
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      Hanson, Samuel G., and Adi Sunderam. "The Variance of Non-Parametric Treatment Effect Estimators in the Presence of Clustering." Review of Economics and Statistics 94, no. 4 (November 2012). (Stata and Matlab Code Here.)
      • July 2012
      • Module Note

      Corporate Strategy

      By: Bharat N. Anand
      This note provides an overview of strategies for multi-business firms. The note describes (i) what is meant by "corporate advantage," (ii) the different approaches that multi-business firms can pursue in order to create corporate advantage, (iii) the specific corporate... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Strategy
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      Anand, Bharat N. "Corporate Strategy." Harvard Business School Module Note 713-415, July 2012.
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      The Determinants of National Competitiveness

      By: Mercedes Delgado, Christian Ketels, Michael E. Porter and Scott Stern
      We define foundational competitiveness as the expected level of output per working-age individual that is supported by the overall quality of a country as a place to do business. The focus on output per potential worker, a broader measure of national productivity than... View Details
      Keywords: Country; Competition; Microeconomics; Macroeconomics
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      Delgado, Mercedes, Christian Ketels, Michael E. Porter, and Scott Stern. "The Determinants of National Competitiveness." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18249, July 2012.
      • March 2012
      • Article

      Reviving Entrepreneurship

      By: Josh Lerner and William Sahlman
      New enterprises don't exist in a vacuum: They rise or fall depending on myriad contextual factors, all of them interrelated, and all of them affected by government policy. U.S. lawmakers must carefully consider the effects of interventions in at least 12 areas, ranging... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Government and Politics; Policy; Economy; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      Lerner, Josh, and William Sahlman. "Reviving Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business Review 90, no. 3 (March 2012): 116–119.
      • 2012
      • Chapter

      The Confederacy of Heterogeneous Software Organizations and Heterogeneous Developers: Field Experimental Evidence on Sorting and Worker Effort

      By: Kevin J. Boudreau and Karim R. Lakhani
      Software development occurs in a patchwork or "confederacy" of different types of institutions (universities, small start-ups, multinational enterprises, government agencies, etc.) utilizing varied work approaches. Here we speculate on one possible explanation for this... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Applications and Software; Product Development; Organizations; Employees; Behavior; Competition; Cooperation; Creativity; Information Technology Industry
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      Boudreau, Kevin J., and Karim R. Lakhani. "The Confederacy of Heterogeneous Software Organizations and Heterogeneous Developers: Field Experimental Evidence on Sorting and Worker Effort." In The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited, edited by Josh Lerner and Scott Stern, 483–502. University of Chicago Press, 2012.
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      Team Scaffolds: How Meso-Level Structures Support Role-based Coordination in Temporary Groups

      By: Melissa A. Valentine and Amy C. Edmondson
      This paper shows how meso-level structures support effective coordination in temporary groups. Prior research on coordination in temporary groups describes how roles encode individual responsibilities so that coordination between relative strangers is possible. We... View Details
      Keywords: Fluid Personnel; Team Scaffolds; Team Effectiveness; Role-based Coordination; Multi-method; Health Care and Treatment; Analytics and Data Science; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Organizational Structure; Outcome or Result; Performance Effectiveness; Groups and Teams; Networks; Behavior; Balance and Stability; Health Industry
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      Valentine, Melissa A., and Amy C. Edmondson. "Team Scaffolds: How Meso-Level Structures Support Role-based Coordination in Temporary Groups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-062, January 2012. (Revised June 2014.)
      • Article

      Marketing Complex Financial Products in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Rainfall Insurance in India

      By: Sarthak Gaurav, Shawn A. Cole and Jeremy Tobacman
      Recent financial liberalization in emerging economies has led to the rapid introduction of new financial products. Lack of experience with financial products, low levels of education, and low financial literacy may slow adoption of these products. This article reports... View Details
      Keywords: Literacy; Insurance; Marketing; Decisions; Demand and Consumers; Financial Instruments; Emerging Markets; Education; Personal Finance; Agribusiness; Developing Countries and Economies; Innovation and Invention; Gujarat
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      Gaurav, Sarthak, Shawn A. Cole, and Jeremy Tobacman. "Marketing Complex Financial Products in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Rainfall Insurance in India." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 48, no. SPL (November 2011): S150–S162.
      • June 28, 2011
      • Article

      Using Implementation Intentions Prompts to Enhance Influenza Vaccination Rates

      By: Katherine L Milkman, John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
      We evaluate the results of a field experiment designed to measure the effect of prompts to form implementation intentions on realized behavioral outcomes. The outcome of interest is influenza vaccination receipt at free on-site clinics offered by a large firm to its... View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Economics; Nudge; Libertarian Paternalism; Public Health; Flu Shot; Behavior; Consumer Behavior; Health Care and Treatment; Cognition and Thinking
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      Milkman, Katherine L., John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "Using Implementation Intentions Prompts to Enhance Influenza Vaccination Rates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 26 (June 28, 2011): 10415–10420.
      • Article

      Advertising, the Matchmaker

      By: Bharat N. Anand and Ron Shachar
      We empirically study the informational role of advertising in matching consumers with products when consumers are uncertain about both observable and unobserved program attributes. Our focus is on the network television industry, in which the products are television... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Information; Consumer Behavior; Television Entertainment; Risk and Uncertainty; Product; Decision Choices and Conditions; Advertising Industry
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      Anand, Bharat N., and Ron Shachar. "Advertising, the Matchmaker." RAND Journal of Economics 42, no. 2 (Summer 2011): 205–245. (Lead Article.)
      • June 2011
      • Article

      Watch What I Do, Not What I Say: The Unintended Consequences of the Homeland Investment Act

      By: Dhammika Dharmapala, C. Fritz Foley and Kristin J. Forbes
      This paper analyzes the impact of the Homeland Investment Act of 2004, which provided a one-time tax holiday for the repatriation of foreign earnings and thereby reduced the cost to U.S. multinationals of accessing a source of internal capital. Lawmakers and lobbyists... View Details
      Keywords: Investment; Performance Effectiveness; Code Law; Taxation; Cost; Capital; Financial Strategy; Research and Development; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business and Shareholder Relations; United States
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      Dharmapala, Dhammika, C. Fritz Foley, and Kristin J. Forbes. "Watch What I Do, Not What I Say: The Unintended Consequences of the Homeland Investment Act." Journal of Finance 66, no. 3 (June 2011): 753–787.
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