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      • November 2012
      • Case

      Ahold versus Tesco—Analyzing Performance

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Penelope Rossano
      The case relates to understanding and comparing the performance of two leading retail companies—Ahold and Tesco. The case introduces the tools of Dupont and Modified Dupont Decomposition. While performance as measured by return on equity has been similar for the two... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Retail Industry
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Penelope Rossano. "Ahold versus Tesco—Analyzing Performance." Harvard Business School Case 113-040, November 2012.
      • November 2012
      • Article

      The Organization of Firms Across Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      We argue that social capital as proxied by trust increases aggregate productivity by affecting the organization of firms. To do this we collect new data on the decentralization of investment, hiring, production, and sales decisions from Corporate Headquarters to local... View Details
      Keywords: Decentralization; Social Capital; Theory Of The Firm; Firm Objectives, Organization, And Behavior; Business Economics; Management Of Technological Innovation And R&D; Technological Change: Choices And Consequences; Diffusion Processes; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Trust; Technology Adoption; Multinational Firms and Management
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "The Organization of Firms Across Countries." Quarterly Journal of Economics 127, no. 4 (November 2012). (Slides from 2008, Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-005, August 2011.)
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Securities Litigation Risk for Foreign Companies Listed in the U.S.

      By: Beiting Cheng, Suraj Srinivasan and Gwen Yu
      We study securities litigation risk faced by foreign firms listed on U.S. exchanges. We take into account not only the propensity for foreign firms to commit violations of U.S. securities laws but also the costs that investors face when suing foreign firms. We find... View Details
      Keywords: Litigation Risk; Cross Listing; Bonding; 10b-5; Securities Litigation; U.S.Listing; Class Action; Risk and Uncertainty; Debt Securities; Globalized Firms and Management; Ethics; Lawsuits and Litigation; United States
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      Cheng, Beiting, Suraj Srinivasan, and Gwen Yu. "Securities Litigation Risk for Foreign Companies Listed in the U.S." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-036, October 2012. (Revised March 2014.)
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      What Do Managers Do? Exploring Persistent Performance Differences among Seemingly Similar Enterprises

      By: Robert Gibbons and Rebecca Henderson
      Social networks and social groups have both been seen as important to discouraging malfeasance and supporting the global pro-social norms that underlie social order, but have typically been treated either as pure substitutes or as having completely independent effects.... View Details
      Keywords: Social Norms; Social Networks; Triadic Closure; Social Groups; Group Identity; Groups and Teams; Identity; Performance Consistency; Social and Collaborative Networks; Societal Protocols; Social Media
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      Gibbons, Robert, and Rebecca Henderson. "What Do Managers Do? Exploring Persistent Performance Differences among Seemingly Similar Enterprises." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-020, August 2012.
      • July 2012
      • Module Note

      Corporate Strategy

      By: Bharat N. Anand
      This note provides an overview of strategies for multi-business firms. The note describes (i) what is meant by "corporate advantage," (ii) the different approaches that multi-business firms can pursue in order to create corporate advantage, (iii) the specific corporate... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Strategy
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      Anand, Bharat N. "Corporate Strategy." Harvard Business School Module Note 713-415, July 2012.
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      Clusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance

      By: Mercedes Delgado, Michael E. Porter and Scott Stern
      This paper evaluates the role of regional cluster composition in the economic performance of industries, clusters, and regions. On the one hand, diminishing returns to specialization in a location can result in a convergence effect: the growth rate of an industry... View Details
      Keywords: Industry Clusters; Performance; Economics
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      Delgado, Mercedes, Michael E. Porter, and Scott Stern. "Clusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18250, July 2012.
      • July 2012
      • Article

      The IKEA Effect: When Labor Leads to Love

      By: Michael I. Norton, Daniel Mochon and Dan Ariely
      In four studies in which consumers assembled IKEA boxes, folded origami, and built sets of Legos, we demonstrate and investigate boundary conditions for the IKEA effect—the increase in valuation of self-made products. Participants saw their amateurish creations as... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Product; Valuation; Labor
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      Norton, Michael I., Daniel Mochon, and Dan Ariely. "The IKEA Effect: When Labor Leads to Love." Journal of Consumer Psychology 22, no. 3 (July 2012): 453–460.
      • July 2012
      • Article

      The Real Consequences of Market Segmentation

      By: Sergey Chernenko and Adi Sunderam
      We study the real effects of market segmentation due to credit ratings using a matched sample of firms just above and just below the investment-grade cutoff. These firms have similar observables, including average investment rates. However, flows into high-yield mutual... View Details
      Keywords: Segmentation; Credit; Investment; Investment Funds; Quality; Markets; Measurement and Metrics; Business Ventures
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      Chernenko, Sergey, and Adi Sunderam. "The Real Consequences of Market Segmentation." Review of Financial Studies 25, no. 7 (July 2012): 2041–2069. (Winner of the RFS Young Researcher Prize 2012.)
      • June 2012
      • Article

      Consequence-Cause Matching: Looking to the Consequences of Events to Infer Their Causes

      By: Robyn A. LeBoeuf and Michael I. Norton
      We show that people non-normatively infer event causes from event consequences. For example, people inferred that a product failure (computer crash) had a large cause (widespread computer virus) if it had a large consequence (job loss), but that the identical failure... View Details
      Keywords: Causal Inference; Product; Forecasting and Prediction; Motivation and Incentives; Failure
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      LeBoeuf, Robyn A., and Michael I. Norton. "Consequence-Cause Matching: Looking to the Consequences of Events to Infer Their Causes." Journal of Consumer Research 39, no. 1 (June 2012): 128–141.
      • April 2012 (Revised February 2017)
      • Case

      Dovernet

      By: Robert Simons and Natalie Kindred
      This case illustrates the implications of using stringent performance measurement systems to create performance pressure, motivate employee achievement, and sharpen a firm's competitiveness. It opens by describing the downsides of the ruthlessly competitive culture at... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Information Technology; Competitive Advantage; Decision Choices and Conditions; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Compensation and Benefits; Web Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; Vancouver
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      Simons, Robert, and Natalie Kindred. "Dovernet." Harvard Business School Case 112-061, April 2012. (Revised February 2017.)
      • April 2012
      • Article

      Broadening Focus: Spillovers, Complementarities and Specialization in the Hospital Industry

      By: Jonathan R. Clark and Robert S. Huckman
      The long-standing argument that focused operations outperform others stands in contrast to claims about the benefits of broader operational scope. The performance benefits of focus are typically attributed to reduced complexity, lower uncertainty, and the development... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Capacity; Operations; Advertising; Production; Corporate Strategy; Relationships; Medical Specialties; Complexity; Risk and Uncertainty; Experience and Expertise; Diversification; Quality; Health Industry
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      Clark, Jonathan R., and Robert S. Huckman. "Broadening Focus: Spillovers, Complementarities and Specialization in the Hospital Industry." Management Science 58, no. 4 (April 2012): 708–722.
      • March 2012 (Revised October 2013)
      • Supplement

      Gene Patents (B)

      By: Richard Hamermesh and Phillip Andrews
      The case updates events since the Court's ruling against Myriad Genetics on March 29, 2010 and should be used in conjunction with Gene Patents (A). On July 29, 2011, a US Appeals Court reversed the prior ruling against Myriad. On September 16, 2011, the first major... View Details
      Keywords: Courts and Trials; Patents; Genetics; Judgments; Investment; Biotechnology Industry; United States
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      Hamermesh, Richard, and Phillip Andrews. "Gene Patents (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 812-130, March 2012. (Revised October 2013.)
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      Earnings Management from the Bottom Up: An Analysis of Managerial Incentives Below the CEO

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Julie Wulf
      Performance-based pay is an important instrument to align the interests of managers with the interests of shareholders. However, recent evidence suggests that high-powered incentives also provide managers with incentives to manipulate the firm's reported earnings. The... View Details
      Keywords: Compensation and Benefits; Interests; Business and Shareholder Relations; Motivation and Incentives; Earnings Management; Performance Evaluation; Stock Options
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, and Julie Wulf. "Earnings Management from the Bottom Up: An Analysis of Managerial Incentives Below the CEO ." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-056, January 2012. (Revised August 2012.)
      • 2012
      • Article

      The Excess Burden of Government Indecision

      By: Francisco J. Gomes, Laurence J. Kotlikoff and Luis M. Viceira
      Governments are known for procrastinating when it comes to resolving painful policy problems. Whatever the political motives for waiting to decide, procrastination distorts economic decisions relative to what would arise with early policy resolution. In so doing, it... View Details
      Keywords: Saving; Risk and Uncertainty; Investment Portfolio; Decision Choices and Conditions; Retirement; Policy; Government and Politics
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      Gomes, Francisco J., Laurence J. Kotlikoff, and Luis M. Viceira. "The Excess Burden of Government Indecision." Tax Policy and the Economy 26 (2012): 125–163.
      • 2012
      • Chapter

      What Do Managers Do? Exploring Persistent Performance Differences among Seemingly Similar Enterprises

      By: Rebecca Henderson and Robert Gibbons
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity
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      Henderson, Rebecca, and Robert Gibbons. "What Do Managers Do? Exploring Persistent Performance Differences among Seemingly Similar Enterprises." Chap. 17 in Handbook of Organizational Economics, edited by Robert Gibbons and John Roberts, 680–731. Princeton University Press, 2012.
      • 2011
      • Chapter

      American Exceptionalism?: A Comparative Analysis of the Origins and Trajectory of U.S. Business Education Development

      By: Rakesh Khurana
      As business education in an academic setting becomes an increasingly global phenomenon, the university-based business school in America remains a unique institution. This holds true despite the fact that the American business school as it evolved in the post-World War... View Details
      Keywords: Values and Beliefs; Business History; Business Education; Power and Influence; Society; United States; Europe
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      Khurana, Rakesh. "American Exceptionalism?: A Comparative Analysis of the Origins and Trajectory of U.S. Business Education Development." In Business Schools and their Contribution to Society, edited by Mette Morsing and Alfons Sauquet. Sage Publications, 2011.
      • September – October 2011
      • Article

      Manage the Culture Cycle

      By: James L. Heskett
      Organizational culture—the shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that determine "how we do things around here"—can be measured and shaped. In organizations with large numbers of customer-facing employees, it can account for up to half of the difference in operating... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Culture; Value; Behavior; Retention; Customer Focus and Relationships; Change Management; Learning; Innovation and Invention; Labor
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      Heskett, James L. "Manage the Culture Cycle." World Financial Review (September – October 2011): 2–7.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      The Organization of Firms Across Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      We argue that social capital as proxied by trust increases aggregate productivity by affecting the organization of firms. To do this we collect new data on the decentralization of investment, hiring, production, and sales decisions from Corporate Headquarters to local... View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Location; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Multinational Firms and Management; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Trust; Asia; Europe; United States
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "The Organization of Firms Across Countries." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-005, August 2011. (Slides from 2008.)
      • May – June 2011
      • Article

      Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth: How High Status Individuals Decrease Group Effectiveness

      By: Boris Groysberg, Jeffrey T. Polzer and Hillary Anger Elfenbein
      Can groups become effective simply by assembling high status individual performers? Though an affirmative answer may seem straightforward on the surface, this answer becomes more complicated when group members benefit from collaborating on interdependent tasks.... View Details
      Keywords: Groups and Teams; Equity; Theory; Human Resources; Integration; Body of Literature; Performance Effectiveness; Status and Position; Experience and Expertise
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      Groysberg, Boris, Jeffrey T. Polzer, and Hillary Anger Elfenbein. "Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth: How High Status Individuals Decrease Group Effectiveness." Organization Science 22, no. 3 (May–June 2011): 722–737.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Return Predictability in the Treasury Market: Real Rates, Inflation, and Liquidity

      By: Carolin E. Pflueger and Luis M. Viceira
      Estimating the liquidity differential between inflation-indexed and nominal bond yields, we separately test for time-varying real rate risk premia, inflation risk premia, and liquidity premia in U.S. and U.K. bond markets. We find strong, model independent evidence... View Details
      Keywords: Expectations Hypothesis; Term Structure; Real Interest Rate Risk; Inflation Risk; Inflation-Indexed Bonds; Financial Crisis; Inflation and Deflation; Financial Liquidity; Bonds; Investment Return; Risk and Uncertainty; United Kingdom; United States
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      Pflueger, Carolin E., and Luis M. Viceira. "Return Predictability in the Treasury Market: Real Rates, Inflation, and Liquidity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-094, March 2011. (Revised September 2013.)
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