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      • September 2011 (Revised July 2012)
      • Case

      Building Watson: Not So Elementary, My Dear!

      By: Willy Shih
      This case is set inside IBM Research's efforts to build a computer that can successfully take on human challengers playing the game show Jeopardy! It opens with the machine named Watson offering the incorrect answer "Toronto" to a seemingly simple question during the... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Standards; Product Development; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Mathematical Methods; Research and Development; Information Technology
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      Shih, Willy. "Building Watson: Not So Elementary, My Dear!" Harvard Business School Case 612-017, September 2011. (Revised July 2012.)
      • September 2011
      • Article

      How to Solve the Cost Crisis in Health Care

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Michael E. Porter
      Existing health care costing systems have serious flaws that make it impossible to measure costs accurately at the individual patient and medical condition level. This gap has severely limited meaningful cost reduction throughout the system. The paper describes a new... View Details
      Keywords: Cost; Health Care and Treatment; Measurement and Metrics; Service Delivery; Outcome or Result; Quality; Health Industry
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Michael E. Porter. "How to Solve the Cost Crisis in Health Care." Harvard Business Review 89, no. 9 (September 2011): 47–64.
      • August 2011
      • Supplement

      InnoCentive.com (B)

      By: Karim R. Lakhani and Eric Lonstein
      InnoCentive.com enables clients to tap into internal and external solver networks to address various business issues. In 2008, InnoCentive introduced "InnoCentive@Work" (lC@W), which recognized clients' reluctance to share problems and solutions with an external... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Platforms; Cost vs Benefits; Intellectual Property; Networks; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Product; Groups and Teams; Communication Technology
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      Lakhani, Karim R., and Eric Lonstein. "InnoCentive.com (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 612-026, August 2011.
      • July 2011
      • Article

      Mixed Source

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Gaston Llanes
      We study competitive interaction between a profit-maximizing firm that sells software and complementary services and a free open source competitor. We examine the firm's choice of business model between the proprietary model (where all software modules are... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Open Source Distribution; Profit; Sales; Applications and Software; Service Operations; Business Model; Decision Choices and Conditions; Quality; Value Creation
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Gaston Llanes. "Mixed Source." Management Science 57, no. 7 (July 2011): 1212–1230.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      Non-Audit Services and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from 1978-1980

      By: Kevin Koh, Shiva Rajgopal and Suraj Srinivasan
      We provide evidence for the long-standing concern on auditor conflicts of interest from providing non-audit services (NAS) to audit clients by using rarely explored NAS fee data from 1978 to 1980. Using this earlier setting, we find cross-sectional evidence of improved... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting Audits; Financial Reporting; Stocks; Price; Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Service Delivery; Quality; Research
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      Koh, Kevin, Shiva Rajgopal, and Suraj Srinivasan. "Non-Audit Services and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from 1978-1980." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-002, July 2011.
      • June 2011 (Revised May 2012)
      • Case

      Reckitt Benckiser: Fast and Focused Innovation

      By: Rebecca M. Henderson and Ryan Johnson
      Since its 1999 merger Reckitt Benckiser (RB), a global consumer goods company, led by its CEO Bart Becht, RB developed a reputation for rapid product innovation and industry leading profit margins. RB's stated strategy was to focus on its Powerbrands and high growth... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Global Strategy; Innovation Leadership; Leadership Style; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Product Development; Performance Improvement; Commercialization; Consumer Products Industry
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      Henderson, Rebecca M., and Ryan Johnson. "Reckitt Benckiser: Fast and Focused Innovation." Harvard Business School Case 311-116, June 2011. (Revised May 2012.)
      • May 2011
      • Case

      Baria Planning Solutions, Inc.: Fixing the Sales Process

      By: Steven C. Wheelwright and William Schmidt
      Baria Planning Solutions (BPS) is a consulting firm that specializes in using spend analysis to help companies identify savings through reduced procurement costs and improved supplier performance. Management is concerned about the disappointing performance of the sales... View Details
      Keywords: Quantitative Analysis; Technology; Operations Management; Product Lines; Manufacturing; Capacity Planning; Production Planning; Production; Management Practices and Processes; Service Operations; Supply Chain Management; Salesforce Management; Planning; Consulting Industry; North and Central America
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      Wheelwright, Steven C., and William Schmidt. "Baria Planning Solutions, Inc.: Fixing the Sales Process." Harvard Business School Brief Case 114-568, May 2011.
      • May 2011 (Revised March 2012)
      • Case

      InterfaceRAISE: Sustainability Consulting

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Robert G. Eccles and Casey Taylor
      InterfaceRAISE is a sustainability management consulting firm created to leverage the capabilities of its parent company Interface Inc., a carpet manufacturer recognized as a global leader in corporate environmental sustainability. This case illustrates the challenges... View Details
      Keywords: Problems and Challenges; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Entrepreneurship; Performance; Environmental Accounting; Profit; Marketing Strategy; Human Resources; Business Model; Leveraged Buyouts; Salesforce Management; Consulting Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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      Toffel, Michael W., Robert G. Eccles, and Casey Taylor. "InterfaceRAISE: Sustainability Consulting." Harvard Business School Case 611-069, May 2011. (Revised March 2012.)
      • May 2011
      • Case

      The Morrison Company

      By: Steven C. Wheelwright and Paul Meyers
      The Morrison Company develops and manufactures radio frequency identification tags (RFID) known as smart labels for the retail and pharmaceutical industries. RFID technology is a fast-growing and increasingly competitive industry. Sales have risen dramatically over the... View Details
      Keywords: Quantitative Analysis; Technology; Operations Management; Product Lines; Manufacturing; Capacity Planning; Production Planning; Information Technology; Strategy; Production; Organizational Structure; Infrastructure; Product Development; Information Infrastructure; Manufacturing Industry; Retail Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Electronics Industry
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      Wheelwright, Steven C., and Paul Meyers. "The Morrison Company." Harvard Business School Brief Case 114-564, May 2011.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Forward-Looking Metrics on Employee Decision Making

      By: Pablo Casas-Arce, F. Asis Martinez-Jerez and V.G. Narayanan
      This paper analyzes the effects of providing forward-looking metrics on employee decision making. We use data from a southern European bank that, in April 2002, started providing its branch managers with customer lifetime value (CLV) information about mortgage... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Value and Value Chain; Decision Choices and Conditions; Mortgages; Employees; Information; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Service Delivery; Banking Industry; Europe
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      Casas-Arce, Pablo, F. Asis Martinez-Jerez, and V.G. Narayanan. "The Impact of Forward-Looking Metrics on Employee Decision Making." Working Paper, 2011.
      • March 2011
      • Case

      Insight Communications

      By: Rajiv Lal and Natalie Kindred
      After undertaking a multi-year, metrics-driven operational and cultural overhaul, in April 2010 Insight Communications was planning the next phase of its development. Insight was a New York-based provider of cable, landline phone, and high-speed Internet service to... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Culture; Competitive Strategy; Management Practices and Processes; Performance Improvement; Growth Management; Management Systems; Business Processes; Measurement and Metrics; Employees; Telecommunications Industry; New York (state, US)
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      Lal, Rajiv, and Natalie Kindred. "Insight Communications." Harvard Business School Case 511-005, March 2011.
      • January 2011
      • Case

      AIC Netbooks: Optimizing Product Assembly

      By: Steven C. Wheelwright and Sunru Yong
      AIC Systems, located in Taichung, Taiwan, is a manufacturer of printed circuit boards, primarily for motherboards and video cards for personal computers. The firm is considered an original design manufacturer (ODM) and takes an active role in innovating and designing... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Management; Quantitative Analysis; Manufacturing; Production Planning; Production Management; Diversification; Production; Performance Efficiency; Product Design; Performance Improvement; Mobile Technology; Manufacturing Industry; Electronics Industry; Taiwan
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      Wheelwright, Steven C., and Sunru Yong. "AIC Netbooks: Optimizing Product Assembly." Harvard Business School Brief Case 114-245, January 2011.
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Mixed Source

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Gaston Llanes
      We study competitive interaction between a profit-maximizing firm that sells software and complementary services and a free open source competitor. We examine the firm's choice of business model between the proprietary model (where all software modules are... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Monopoly; Open Source Distribution; Quality; Competition; Information Technology Industry
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Gaston Llanes. "Mixed Source." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-022, September 2009. (Revised October 2010.)
      • October 2010
      • Article

      Organizational Designs and Innovation Streams

      By: Michael Tushman, Wendy K. Smith, Robert Chapman Wood, George Westerman and Charles A. O'Reilly III
      This article empirically explores the relations between alternative organizational designs and a firm's ability to explore as well as exploit. We operationalize exploitation and exploration in terms of innovation streams—incremental innovation in existing products as... View Details
      Keywords: Competency and Skills; Innovation and Invention; Management Teams; Product Development; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Design; Outcome or Result; Performance Improvement
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      Tushman, Michael, Wendy K. Smith, Robert Chapman Wood, George Westerman, and Charles A. O'Reilly III. "Organizational Designs and Innovation Streams." Industrial and Corporate Change 19, no. 5 (October 2010): 1331–1366. (doi: 10.1093/icc/dtq040.)
      • September 2010 (Revised April 2017)
      • Case

      Aspen Skiing Company (A)

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Stephanie van Sice
      Having begun improving the environmental performance of its own operations, Aspen Skiing Company is considering "greening" its supply chain and lobbying for greenhouse gas regulations. A world renowned ski resort vulnerable to global climate change, Aspen's activities... View Details
      Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Supply Chain Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Government Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Aspen
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Stephanie van Sice. "Aspen Skiing Company (A)." Harvard Business School Case 611-002, September 2010. (Revised April 2017.)
      • September 2010 (Revised November 2013)
      • Supplement

      Aspen Skiing Company (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Stephanie van Sice
      Having begun improving the environmental performance of its own operations, Aspen Skiing Company is considering "greening" its supply chain and lobbying for greenhouse gas regulations. A world renowned ski resort vulnerable to global climate change, Aspen's activities... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Supply Chain; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Sports Industry; Aspen
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Stephanie van Sice. "Aspen Skiing Company (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 611-003, September 2010. (Revised November 2013.)
      • September 2010 (Revised September 2013)
      • Supplement

      Aspen Skiing Company (C)

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Stephanie van Sice
      Having begun improving the environmental performance of its own operations, Aspen Skiing Company is considering "greening" its supply chain and lobbying for greenhouse gas regulations. A world renowned ski resort vulnerable to global climate change, Aspen's activities... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Supply Chain; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Sports Industry; Aspen
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Stephanie van Sice. "Aspen Skiing Company (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 611-018, September 2010. (Revised September 2013.)
      • September 2010 (Revised January 2014)
      • Supplement

      Aspen Skiing Company (D)

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Stephanie van Sice
      Having begun improving the environmental performance of its own operations, Aspen Skiing Company is considering "greening" its supply chain and lobbying for greenhouse gas regulations. A world-renowned ski resort vulnerable to global climate change, Aspen's activities... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Supply Chain; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Sports Industry; Aspen
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Stephanie van Sice. "Aspen Skiing Company (D)." Harvard Business School Supplement 611-019, September 2010. (Revised January 2014.)
      • September 2010
      • Article

      Do Inventory and Gross Margin Data Improve Sales Forecasts for U.S. Public Retailers?

      By: Saravanan Kesavan, Vishal Gaur and Ananth Raman
      Firm-level sales forecasts for retailers can be improved if we incorporate cost of goods sold, inventory, and gross margin (defined here as the ratio of sales to cost of goods sold) as three endogenous variables. We construct a simultaneous equations model, estimated... View Details
      Keywords: Sales; Forecasting and Prediction; Distribution; Goods and Commodities; Cost; Public Sector; Profit; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science; Retail Industry; United States
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      Kesavan, Saravanan, Vishal Gaur, and Ananth Raman. "Do Inventory and Gross Margin Data Improve Sales Forecasts for U.S. Public Retailers?" Management Science 56, no. 9 (September 2010): 1519–1533.
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Making the Numbers? 'Short Termism' and the Puzzle of Only Occasional Disaster

      By: Nelson P. Repenning and Rebecca Henderson
      Much recent work in strategy and popular discussion suggests that an excessive focus on "managing the numbers"—delivering quarterly earnings at the expense of longer-term investments—makes it difficult for firms to make the investments necessary to build competitive... View Details
      Keywords: Investment; Performance Improvement; Competitive Advantage; Earnings Management; Management Practices and Processes; Revenue; Quality; Competency and Skills; Motivation and Incentives; Auto Industry; United States
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      Repenning, Nelson P., and Rebecca Henderson. "Making the Numbers? 'Short Termism' and the Puzzle of Only Occasional Disaster." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-033, September 2010.
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