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  • Spring 2013
  • Article

The Growth of Finance

By: Robin Greenwood and David S. Scharfstein
The U.S. financial services industry grew from 4.9% of GDP in 1980 to 7.9% of GDP in 2007. A sizeable portion of the growth can be explained by rising asset management fees, which in turn were driven by increases in the valuation of tradable assets, particularly... View Details
Keywords: Finance; Asset Management; Research; Mortgages; Financial Services Industry
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  • 2012
  • Article

Demand and Capacity Management in Air Transportation

This paper summarizes research trends and opportunities in the area of managing air transportation demand and capacity. Capacity constraints and resulting congestion and low schedule reliability currently impose large costs on airlines and their passengers. Significant... View Details
Keywords: Demand Management; Capacity Management; Mathematical Modeling; Congestion And Delays; Trends And Opportunities; Demand and Consumers; Air Transportation; Mathematical Methods; Performance Capacity; Air Transportation Industry
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  • July 2010
  • Supplement

Marketing Analysis Toolkit: Pricing and Profitability Analysis (CW)

By: Thomas J. Steenburgh and Jill Avery
Pricing is one of the most difficult decisions marketers make and the one with the most direct and immediate impact on the firm's financial position. This toolkit will introduce the fundamental terminology and calculations associated with pricing and profitability... View Details
Keywords: Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Marketing Strategy; Decisions; Strategic Planning; Price; Partners and Partnerships; Cost; Demand and Consumers; Revenue; Profit; Mathematical Methods; Measurement and Metrics
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    Incentives for Bad Science

    Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) inform medical practice, health care delivery, follow-on research, regulation, and health policy. Yet, many RCTs are inadequately randomized, blinded, and reported. To analyze scientists' and firms' incentives to meet clinical trial... View Details
    • 2015
    • Case

    Fine Harvest Restaurant Group (cases A and B)

    By: Clara (Xiaoling) Chen, Kenneth A. Merchant, Tatiana Sandino and Wim A. Van der Stede
    The Fine Harvest Restaurant Group cases A and B examine a company's design of a new system to evaluate the performance (and determine the bonuses) for its restaurant managers. Fine Harvest had traditionally evaluated restaurant managers based on store margins and had... View Details
    Keywords: Incentive Systems; Relative Performance Evaluation; Restaurant Industry; Accounting; Economics; Human Resources; Measurement and Metrics; Labor; Performance; Salesforce Management; Retail Industry; North and Central America
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    • March 2008
    • Article

    Market Reactions to Export Subsidies

    By: M. A. Desai and James R. Hines Jr.
    This paper analyzes the economic impact of export subsidies by investigating stock price reactions to a critical event in 1997. On November 18, 1997, the European Union announced its intention to file a complaint before the World Trade Organization (WTO), arguing that... View Details
    Keywords: Economic Systems; Trade; Development Economics; Financial Markets; Profit; Taxation; Volume; Value Creation; Market Design; Business Subsidiaries; Utilities Industry; Financial Services Industry; Europe; North and Central America
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      Summit Public Schools

      In early 2018, Diane Tavenner, co-founder and CEO of Summit Public Schools, a charter management organization, was full of hope and anticipating good outcomes for its future student graduates. The graduating class of 2017 was Summit’s first cohort of high school... View Details

        Michael A. Wheeler

        Mike Wheeler joined the HBS faculty in 1993 and has taught extensively in its MBA, Executive, and distance learning programs. His highly interactive 8-week/40-hour HBS Online Negotiation... View Details

        Keywords: arts; construction; e-commerce industry; energy; federal government; green technology; internet; legal services; nonprofit industry; petroleum; pharmaceuticals; publishing industry; real estate; service industry; sports; state government; utilities
        • January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
        • Case

        Jumia's Path to Profitability

        By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Pippa Tubman Armerding and Gamze Yucaoglu
        The case opens in September 2019 as Sacha Poignonnec and Jeremy Hodara, co-founders and co-CEOs of Jumia, the leading Pan-African e-commerce platform, are contemplating the company’s path to profitability in the aftermath of a fragile investor sentiment, as the company... View Details
        Keywords: Retail; Business Models; Business Model; Business Startups; Emerging Markets; For-Profit Firms; Strategy; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Value Creation; Globalization; Entrepreneurship; Competition; Expansion; Logistics; Profit; Resource Allocation; Diversification; Corporate Strategy; Retail Industry; Technology Industry; Africa
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        • 09 May 2012
        • Research & Ideas

        Clayton Christensen’s “How Will You Measure Your Life?”

        relying on chance—on the currents of life—to guide us." Christensen also believes that certain common business principles are misguided and even dangerous. In the following excerpt, he explains why focusing on marginal costs and... View Details
        • 12 Nov 2008
        • First Look

        First Look: November 12, 2008

        Working Papers Direct versus Indirect Colonial Rule in India: Long-term Consequences (revised) Author: Lakshmi Iyer Abstract This paper compares economic outcomes across areas in India which were under direct British colonial rule with areas which were under indirect... View Details
        Keywords: Martha Lagace
        • October 2024
        • Case

        Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets

        By: Joseph Pacelli, Ravi Ramniklal Gondalia and James Weber
        In August of 2017, CSL Capital, a private equity fund founded and operated by Charlie Leykum (HBS ’04), was deciding to take one of its portfolio companies, Ranger Energy Services, public. Founded in 2014, Ranger Energy was an oilfield service company providing... View Details
        Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Initial Public Offering; Financial Strategy; Valuation; Private Equity; Business Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Financial Services Industry; Energy Industry; United States
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        • March 2024
        • Article

        Medicare Price Negotiation and Pharmaceutical Innovation Following the Inflation Reduction Act

        By: Matthew Vogel, Pragya Kakani, Amitabh Chandra and Rena M. Conti
        The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) requires Medicare to negotiate lower prices for some medicines with high Medicare spending. Using historical data from public and proprietary sources to apply the IRA's negotiation criteria retrospectively, we identify all drugs that... View Details
        Keywords: Policy; Government Legislation; Health Care and Treatment; Negotiation; Price; Pharmaceutical Industry
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        • June 2015
        • Supplement

        Generating Higher Value at IBM (A): EPS Forecasting Model

        By: Benjamin C. Esty and Scott Mayfield
        This case analyzes IBM's financial performance and its capital allocation decisions over a 10-year period from 2004-2013, during which IBM returned more than $140B to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. During this time, CEO Sam... View Details
        Keywords: Dividends; Share Repurchases; Earnings Guidance; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Ratios; Payout Policy; Earnings Per Share (EPS); Earnings Management; Change Management; Leadership; Transformation; Financial Strategy
        Related

          The Growth of Finance

          The U.S. financial services industry grew from 4.9% of GDP in 1980 to 7.9% of GDP in 2007. A sizeable portion of the growth can be explained by rising asset management fees, which in turn were driven by increases in the valuation of tradable assets, particularly... View Details
          • 06 Aug 2008
          • Working Paper Summaries

          Fixing Market Failures or Fixing Elections? Agricultural Credit in India

          Keywords: by Shawn A. Cole; Banking
          • 21 Feb 2007
          • Op-Ed

          What a U.N. Partnership with Big Business Could Accomplish

          As Ban Ki-moon begins his tenure as secretary-general of the United Nations, the world's poor continue to cry out for help and hope. One-sixth of the world's population lives in "deep poverty"—generally defined as surviving on half or less of the annual... View Details
          Keywords: by George C. Lodge & Craig Wilson
          • Research Summary

          Information Technology and Vertical Integration: Evidence from Plant-level Data (with Chris Forman)

          We study the relationship between different margins of information technology (IT) use and vertical integration using plant-level data from the U.S. Census of Manufactures. Focusing on the short-run decision of whether to allocate production output to downstream plants... View Details
          • April 2025 (Revised May 2025)
          • Background Note

          Customer Acquisition and the Cash Flow Trap

          By: E. Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
          Startups as well as existing firms recognize the need to invest in order to acquire customers for their new ventures. And as each customer is expected at some point to have generated sufficient gross margins to cover their CAC, management expects that, soon enough, the... View Details
          Keywords: Business Model; Customers; Forecasting and Prediction; Cash Flow; Business or Company Management
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          • April 2021
          • Case

          Distinct Software

          By: Das Narayandas, Arijit Sengupta and Jonathan Wray
          Distinct Software (disguised name), a global enterprise software company, is at an important point in its growth trajectory where the luster of its mantra of “grow and win at any cost” has dimmed with increasing competition and margin pressures. To help navigate its... View Details
          Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Marketing; Sales; Performance Productivity; Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning
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