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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Automation and the Plight of Young Workers: Evidence from the Automation of Telephone Operation in the Early 20th Century

By: Daniel P. Gross and James J. Feigenbaum
Telephone operation was one of the most common jobs for young American women in the early 1900s. Between 1920 and 1940, AT&T adopted dial service in over half of U.S. telephone exchanges, automating away a legion of operators. We show that upon a city's adoption of... View Details
Keywords: Employment; Labor; Gender; Technology Adoption; History; Telecommunications Industry; United States
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  • Web

Arthur Rock Center for Entrepreneurship | About

Company, where he put together the collaborative team that founded Fairchild Semiconductor. After moving to California in 1961, Rock and investor Tommy Davis formed Davis & Rock, which posted an extraordinary 40 percent annual growth rate... View Details
  • 19 May 2009
  • First Look

First Look: May 19, 2009

commercialization and adoption. Emerging opportunities must be nurtured, and the transition to high growth must be managed. Once breakthrough innovations catch hold, growth must be funded and managed to... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace

    James L. Heskett

    James L. Heskett is UPS Foundation Professor Emeritus at the Harvard Business School and author of his latest book, With From Within: Build Organizational Culture for Competitive... View Details

    • 07 Apr 2021
    • Research & Ideas

    How Teams Work: Lessons from the Pandemic

    understand that you need these different types of interactions to work well together as a team, can we figure out how to do them more effectively?” About the Author Kristen Senz is the growth editor of Harvard Business School Working... View Details
    Keywords: by Kristen Senz
    • June 2016 (Revised November 2021)
    • Case

    chotuKool: 'Little Cool,' Big Opportunity

    By: Rory McDonald, Derek van Bever and Efosa Ojomo
    In 2013, a team led by Gopalan Sunderraman, vice president of corporate development at Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd.—one of the companies owned by Godrej Group, a large Indian conglomerate—was preparing to launch an innovative low-cost refrigerator. Developed expressly... View Details
    Keywords: Disruptive Innovation; Emerging Markets; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Consumer Products Industry; India
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    • June 1997 (Revised May 1998)
    • Case

    Mobil USM&R (A1)

    By: Robert S. Kaplan
    First of a two-part case on the development and use of a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) at Mobil's US Marketing and Refining Division. Split from the original (A) case to give students an opportunity to suggest objectives and measures for the division's initial BSC, without... View Details
    Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Measurement and Metrics; Restructuring; Corporate Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Growth and Development Strategy; Management Teams; Marketing Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; Mining Industry; Energy Industry; United States
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    • April 2009 (Revised December 2015)
    • Case

    Dot.com: Online Pet Retailing

    By: Tom Nicholas and David Chen
    From 1995 to 1999, the U.S. experienced a period of tremendous growth in its information technology (IT) sector. The IT industry, although it accounted for less than 10% of the U.S. economy's total output, contributed disproportionately to economic growth. One market... View Details
    Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Price Bubble; Growth and Development Strategy; Failure; Competitive Strategy; Online Technology; Retail Industry
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    • March 2001 (Revised September 2005)
    • Case

    Madison Avenue: Digital Media Services (C)

    By July 2000, Madison Avenue had experienced extraordinary growth in sales, employees, clients, and service offerings. From late 1999 to July 2000, the company had taken several initiatives to redesign its internal processes so that the firm could continue to grow,... View Details
    Keywords: Service Operations; Digital Marketing; Product Development; Growth and Development Strategy; Advertising Industry
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    • March 2021 (Revised December 2023)
    • Case

    Capitalism and the Party-State: The People's Republic of China at 70

    By: Meg Rithmire and Courtney Han
    In 2019, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) turned seventy-years-old and became the longest active authoritarian regime in recent history. By then, China was the world’s second largest economy by GDP (after the United States), and a high-technology industrial... View Details
    Keywords: Party-state; Economic Systems; Business and Government Relations; Economy; Society; International Relations; China
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    • 2021
    • Chapter

    International Business History and the Strategy of Multinational Enterprises: How History Matters

    By: Geoffrey Jones and Teresa da Silva Lopes
    This chapter provides an overview of the evolution of international business over the long-run as well as the strategies of MNEs. It highlights how strategies became more complex over time with MNEs moving from being coordinators of resources and managers of... View Details
    Keywords: Multinational; International Business; Internalization; Globalization; Theory; Multinational Firms and Management; Business History; Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; Middle East; North and Central America
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    • 1999
    • Working Paper

    On the Formation and Structure of International Exchanges

    We investigate the formation and structure of 248 financial exchanges throughout the world. First, we empirically analyze the determinants of exchange formation as well as the impact of exchange formation on the domestic country's economy. Second, conditional on... View Details
    Keywords: Financial Markets
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    • June 2016
    • Supplement

    FANUC Corporation: Reassessing the Firm's Governance and Financial Policies Spreadsheet Supplement

    By: Benjamin C. Esty and Akiko Kanno
    In February 2015, Daniel Loeb (a US-based activist investor) announced his firm had a large investment in FANUC Corporation, a leading producer of industrial robots and software for machine tools. Loeb was demanding that the Japanese firm change its financial and... View Details
    Keywords: Financial Management; Valuation; Investment Funds; Policy; Corporate Governance; Macroeconomics; Investment Activism; Change Management; Financial Strategy; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Japan; United States
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    • April 2011
    • Case

    Designs by Kate: The Power of Direct Sales

    By: John A. Deighton and Sarah Abbott
    The sales representatives at Designs by Kate (DBK) sell private label jewelry at hosted parties and through online social media channels. They are also responsible for recruiting, training, and managing new sales reps. CEO and founder Kate Creevey designed the... View Details
    Keywords: Direct Sales; Consumer Marketing; Marketing Management; Personal Selling; Sales Compensation; Sales Organization; Motivation and Incentives; Marketing Strategy; Salesforce Management; Performance; Compensation and Benefits; Apparel and Accessories Industry
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    • July 2011 (Revised September 2012)
    • Case

    Industrial Metrology: Getting In-Line? (A)

    By: Willy Shih
    Metrology plays a key role in the manufacture of mechanical components. Traditionally it is used extensively in a pre-process stage where a manufacturer does process planning, design, and ramp-up, and in post-process off-line inspection to establish proof of quality.... View Details
    Keywords: Transformation; Machinery and Machining; Measurement and Metrics; Product Design; Planning; Quality; Opportunities; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Segmentation; Technology Adoption; Theory; Manufacturing Industry
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    • October 2002
    • Case

    New Leaders for New Schools

    Describes the founding, early growth, and expansion plans of New Leaders for New Schools, a nonprofit public education venture that recruits, trains, places, and supports principals in U.S. urban school districts. This case presents the strategic, financial, and... View Details
    Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Education; Education Industry
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    • 2021
    • Chapter

    Renewing the Relevance of IB: Can Some History Help?

    By: Geoffrey Jones
    International business (IB) as a discipline has given limited attention to contemporary grand challenges of inequality, global warming, aging populations, endemic health crises, and de-globalization, in all of which multinationals are either central to the problem or... View Details
    Keywords: International Business; Globalization; History; Multinational Firms and Management
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    • April 1983 (Revised June 2003)
    • Case

    Shouldice Hospital Limited

    By: James L. Heskett
    Various proposals are set forth for expanding the capacity of the hospital. In assessing them, serious consideration has to be given to the culture of the organization and the importance of preserving it in a service delivery system. In addition to issues of capacity... View Details
    Keywords: Expansion; Health Care and Treatment; Performance Capacity; Organizational Culture; Service Delivery; Growth Management; Strategic Planning; Quality; Social Enterprise; Health Industry; Canada
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      Joseph L. Bower

      JOSEPH L. BOWER, Donald K. David Professor Emeritus, has been a leader in general management at Harvard Business School for 51 years. He also served on the faculty of the Harvard Kennedy School during its first decade.  He has served in many administrative roles... View Details

      Keywords: banking; chemical; electronics; financial services; home appliances; hotels ＆ motels; information technology industry; insurance industry; private equity (LBO funds); retailing
      • March 1991 (Revised October 1994)
      • Case

      Coca-Cola vs. Pepsi-Cola and the Soft Drink Industry

      By: Michael E. Porter
      Describes the competition between Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola. Provides a summary of the history of the soft drink industry prior to World War II, and over the period 1950-1990 in greater detail. Major strategic competitive moves and countermoves are described. Also... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Industry Growth; Business Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry
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