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  • All HBS Web  (7,637)
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  • All HBS Web  (7,637)
    • People  (3)
    • News  (1,360)
    • Research  (5,031)
    • Events  (123)
    • Multimedia  (55)
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  • 2012
  • Working Paper

Information Technology and Boundary of the Firm: Evidence from Plant-Level Data

By: Chris Forman and Kristina McElheran
We study the relationship between different margins of information technology (IT) use and vertical integration using plant-level data from the U.S. Census of Manufactures. Focusing on the short-run decision of whether to allocate production output to downstream plants... View Details
Keywords: Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Production; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Vertical Integration; Supply Chain; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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Forman, Chris, and Kristina McElheran. "Information Technology and Boundary of the Firm: Evidence from Plant-Level Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-092, April 2012.
  • 09 Dec 2015
  • Working Paper Summaries

Big Data and Big Cities: The Promises and Limitations of Improved Measures of Urban Life

Keywords: by Edward L. Glaeser, Scott Duke Kominers, Michael Luca & Nikhil Naik
  • 2010
  • Working Paper

Report on the State of Available Data for the Study of International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment

By: Robert C. Feenstra, Robert E. Lipsey, Lee G. Branstetter, C. Fritz Foley, James Harrigan, J. Bradford Jensen, Lori Kletzer, Catherine Mann, Peter K. Schott and Greg C. Wright
This report, prepared for the Committee on Economic Statistics of the American Economic Association, examines the state of available data for the study of international trade and foreign direct investment. Data on values of imports and exports of goods are of high... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Price; Globalization; Policy; Information; Intellectual Property
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Feenstra, Robert C., Robert E. Lipsey, Lee G. Branstetter, C. Fritz Foley, James Harrigan, J. Bradford Jensen, Lori Kletzer, Catherine Mann, Peter K. Schott, and Greg C. Wright. "Report on the State of Available Data for the Study of International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 16254, August 2010.
  • February 2022
  • Case

CityScore: Big Data Comes to Boston

By: Boris Groysberg and Sarah L. Abbott
In 2016, Martin “Marty” Walsh, the Mayor of Boston, introduced CityScore, a data dashboard that measured the city’s progress across a range of metrics. The dashboard was updated daily and publicly available. The mayor frequently discussed the CityScore targets in... View Details
Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Government Administration; Leadership; Transformation; City; Measurement and Metrics; Public Administration Industry; Boston; United States
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Groysberg, Boris, and Sarah L. Abbott. "CityScore: Big Data Comes to Boston." Harvard Business School Case 422-050, February 2022.
  • 2022
  • Article

Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods

By: Elita Lobo, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin and Himabindu Lakkaraju
Off-policy Evaluation (OPE) methods are a crucial tool for evaluating policies in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where exploration is often infeasible, unethical, or expensive. However, the extent to which such methods can be trusted under adversarial threats... View Details
Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Cybersecurity; Mathematical Methods
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Lobo, Elita, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods." Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 38th (2022): 1264–1274.
  • 27 Sep 2018
  • Working Paper Summaries

Large-Scale Demand Estimation with Search Data

Keywords: by Tomomichi Amano, Andrew Rhodes, and Stephan Seiler; Retail
  • November 2019
  • Article

How Do Sales Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Analysis in the Nerlove-Arrow Framework

By: Doug J. Chung, Byungyeon Kim and Byoung G. Park
This paper evaluates the short- and long-term value of sales representatives’ detailing visits to different types of physicians. By understanding the dynamic effect of sales calls across heterogeneous physicians, we provide guidance on the design of optimal call... View Details
Keywords: Nerlove-Arrow Framework; Stock-of-goodwill; Dynamic Panel Data; Serial Correlation; Instrumental Variables; Sales Effectiveness; Detailing; Analytics and Data Science; Sales; Analysis; Performance Effectiveness; Pharmaceutical Industry
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Chung, Doug J., Byungyeon Kim, and Byoung G. Park. "How Do Sales Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Analysis in the Nerlove-Arrow Framework." Management Science 65, no. 11 (November 2019): 5197–5218.
  • 01 Jun 2023
  • News

Bridging the ESG Data Gap

“I found lots of ESG buzzwords and messaging,” Murday notes, “but quantitative data was missing.” Nurturing Breakthrough Ideas READ MORE STORIES Nurturing Breakthrough Ideas READ MORE STORIES Her assessment... View Details
Keywords: Deborah Blagg
  • December 1996 (Revised August 1998)
  • Teaching Note

General Mills, Inc.: Appendix of Comparable Company Data TN

By: William E. Fruhan Jr.
Teaching Note for (9-197-037). View Details
Keywords: Food and Beverage Industry
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Fruhan, William E., Jr. "General Mills, Inc.: Appendix of Comparable Company Data TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 297-062, December 1996. (Revised August 1998.)
  • December 2024
  • Teaching Note

Assessing the Value of Unifying and De-duplicating Customer Data

By: Elie Ofek and Hema Yoganarasimhan
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 525-023. View Details
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Ofek, Elie, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "Assessing the Value of Unifying and De-duplicating Customer Data." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 525-033, December 2024.
  • 23 Dec 2020
  • News

Why the Growth of Impact Investing Depends on Data

  • July 2025
  • Article

Digital Lending and Financial Well-Being: Through the Lens of Mobile Phone Data

By: AJ Chen, Omri Even-Tov, Jung Koo Kang and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman
To mitigate information asymmetry about borrowers in developing economies, digital lenders use machine-learning algorithms and nontraditional data from borrowers’ mobile devices. Consequently, digital lenders have managed to expand access to credit for millions of... View Details
Keywords: Informal Economy; Digital Banking; Mobile Phones; Developing Countries and Economies; Mobile and Wireless Technology; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Credit; Borrowing and Debt; Well-being; Banking Industry; Kenya
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Chen, AJ, Omri Even-Tov, Jung Koo Kang, and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman. "Digital Lending and Financial Well-Being: Through the Lens of Mobile Phone Data." Accounting Review 100, no. 4 (July 2025): 135–159.
  • 12 Oct 2022
  • Video

Brandeis Marshall: The Potential for Data Equity

  • 11 Jan 2018
  • Working Paper Summaries

Brokers and Order Flow Leakage: Evidence from Fire Sales

Keywords: by Andrea Barbon, Marco Di Maggio, Francesco Franzoni, and Augustin Landier; Financial Services
  • May–June 2018
  • Article

Data Uncertainty in Markov Chains: Application to Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Medical Innovations

By: Joel Goh, Mohsen Bayati, Stefanos A. Zenios, Sundeep Singh and David Moore
Cost-effectiveness studies of medical innovations often suffer from data inadequacy. When Markov chains are used as a modeling framework for such studies, this data inadequacy can manifest itself as imprecision in the elements of the transition matrix. In this paper,... View Details
Keywords: Markov Chains; Cost Effectiveness; Medical Innovations; Colorectal Cancer; Health Care and Treatment; Cost vs Benefits; Innovation and Invention; Mathematical Methods; Health Industry
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Goh, Joel, Mohsen Bayati, Stefanos A. Zenios, Sundeep Singh, and David Moore. "Data Uncertainty in Markov Chains: Application to Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Medical Innovations." Operations Research 66, no. 3 (May–June 2018): 697–715. (Winner, 2014 INFORMS Health Applications Society Pierskalla Award & Finalist, 2014 INFORMS George E. Nicholson student paper competition.)
  • 2018
  • Simulation

Financial Analysis Simulation: Data Detective

By: Suraj Srinivasan and V.G. Narayanan
In this simulation, students learn to identify typical industry characteristics revealed in financial data. Equipped with an interactive and flexible set of tools, students analyze disguised financials and—using their knowledge of operational practices and reasoning... View Details
Keywords: Financial Analysis; Financial Accounting; Financial Ratios; Accounting; Financial Statements; Analysis
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Srinivasan, Suraj, and V.G. Narayanan. "Financial Analysis Simulation: Data Detective." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Simulation and Teaching Note. Boston: Harvard Business Publishing 8742, 2018. Electronic.
  • September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
  • Exercise

Artea (B): Including Customer-Level Demographic Data

By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The... View Details
Keywords: Targeting; Algorithmic Bias; Race; Gender; Marketing; Diversity; Customer Relationship Management; Demographics; Prejudice and Bias; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea (B): Including Customer-Level Demographic Data." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-022, September 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
  • January 2002
  • Case

Relational Data Models in Enterprise-Level Information Systems

Provides an overview of some important aspects of the relational data models that underlie today's enterprise-level information technologies, such as enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management. Key concepts covered include relational data and... View Details
Keywords: Information Technology
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Cotteleer, Mark J. "Relational Data Models in Enterprise-Level Information Systems." Harvard Business School Case 602-114, January 2002.
  • 19 Mar 2015
  • News

Startup Raises $40M to Keep Small Businesses’ Cash Flowing

    Invisible Primes: Fintech Lending with Alternative Data

    A key policy question raised by the advent of fintech lenders revolves around the impact on credit availability of credit models that employ alternative data and algorithmic underwriting. We exploit anonymized administrative data provided by a major fintech platform... View Details
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