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- Faculty Publications (2,878)
- June 1994 (Revised September 1994)
- Background Note
Commercializing Technology: Imaginative Understanding of User Needs
The transformation of technology into commercially successful products is a process fraught with risk and uncertainty, and increasing pressure on time to market is exacerbating the difficulties. This note first describes a study conducted by Hewlett-Packard to improve... View Details
Keywords: Transformation; Communication Strategy; Customers; Design; Marketing; Consumer Behavior; Product Development; Research; Risk and Uncertainty; Commercialization; Technology Adoption
Leonard, Dorothy A. "Commercializing Technology: Imaginative Understanding of User Needs." Harvard Business School Background Note 694-102, June 1994. (Revised September 1994.)
- June 1994 (Revised October 2001)
- Case
Mrs. Fields, Inc. (1988-1992)
By: Lynda M. Applegate, Keri O. Pearlson and Randi Wade Purchia
Continues the story of Mrs. Fields Cookies. Explores the new challenges the company faced managing its geographic growth and its expansion of products and markets through combination stores. Details the decision of Debbi and Randy Fields to delegate management... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Expansion; Growth Management; Organizational Structure; Globalization; Information Management; Food and Beverage Industry
Applegate, Lynda M., Keri O. Pearlson, and Randi Wade Purchia. "Mrs. Fields, Inc. (1988-1992)." Harvard Business School Case 194-065, June 1994. (Revised October 2001.)
- 1994
- Chapter
The Virtual Organization: Bureaucracy, Technology, and the Implosion of Control
By: N. Nohria and J. D. Berkley
Keywords: Organizational Design; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Information Technology; Power and Influence
Nohria, N., and J. D. Berkley. "The Virtual Organization: Bureaucracy, Technology, and the Implosion of Control." In The Post-Bureaucratic Organization: New Perspectives on Organizational Change, edited by Anne Donnellon and Charles C Heckscher. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1994.
- May 1994 (Revised July 1995)
- Case
Taco Bell--1994
Taco Bell CEO, John Martin, boldly proclaims a growth goal of 200,000 points of access by the year 2000 (the company had approximately 3,600 in 1991). To realize such growth, Martin embraces a philosophy of continual change. The implications for Taco Bell are dramatic... View Details
Keywords: Information Technology; Food; Organizational Structure; Organizational Culture; Human Resources; Brands and Branding; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Goals and Objectives; Change Management; Expansion; Business Growth and Maturation; Communication; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
Schlesinger, Leonard A. "Taco Bell--1994." Harvard Business School Case 694-076, May 1994. (Revised July 1995.)
- April 1994 (Revised October 2002)
- Case
Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition (1990-1992)
Describes the changes in structure, management systems, people, and processes instituted by the company. Provides students with an opportunity to explore the nature of "IT-enabled" organizational change and the process through which it is implemented. Also enables a... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Information Technology; Business Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry
Applegate, Lynda M. "Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition (1990-1992)." Harvard Business School Case 194-109, April 1994. (Revised October 2002.)
- April 1994 (Revised October 2002)
- Case
Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition (1987-1989)
Describes the actions taken by the new CEO to return the company to profitability, to clarify the vision, and then to build the infrastructure (human, capital, and information) needed to support the long-term change in strategy and organization. Ends with senior... View Details
Keywords: Transition; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Information Technology; Management Teams; Business Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry
Applegate, Lynda M. "Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition (1987-1989)." Harvard Business School Case 194-108, April 1994. (Revised October 2002.)
- April 1994 (Revised October 2002)
- Case
Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition 1980-1986
Describes the environmental, organizational, and information technology context in the late 1970s that led to the development of the initial vision for change and the actions taken to implement that vision. The case ends with the abrupt departure of the CEO as profits... View Details
Keywords: Transition; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Information Technology; Management Succession; Management Teams; Business Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry
Applegate, Lynda M. "Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition 1980-1986." Harvard Business School Case 194-107, April 1994. (Revised October 2002.)
- April 1994 (Revised October 2001)
- Case
Mrs. Fields, Inc. (1977 - 1987)
By: Lynda M. Applegate and Keri O. Pearlson
Describes a small company selling freshly baked goods through privately owned specialty stores (each store sells only Mrs. Fields products). The company has about 8,000 employees worldwide and less than 150 information systems people for a unique leverage of MIS... View Details
Keywords: Information Technology; Organizations; Management Systems; Business Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry
Applegate, Lynda M., and Keri O. Pearlson. "Mrs. Fields, Inc. (1977 - 1987)." Harvard Business School Case 194-064, April 1994. (Revised October 2001.)
- February 1994
- Background Note
Causal Inference
Discusses what causation is and what one can (and cannot) learn about causation from observational (nonexperimental) data. View Details
Schleifer, Arthur, Jr. "Causal Inference." Harvard Business School Background Note 894-032, February 1994.
- February 1994 (Revised July 2005)
- Case
Competitive Information Policy at Pratt & Whitney
By: Lynn S. Paine
Officials at United Technologies Corp. (UTC) must decide on an ethics policy to govern competitive intelligence gathering. The flow of competitor information into the Pratt & Whitney division has declined sharply since adoption of UTC's code of ethics. A rewritten... View Details
Keywords: Policy; Corporate Governance; Ethics; Competition; Information Management; Business or Company Management; Law
Paine, Lynn S. "Competitive Information Policy at Pratt & Whitney." Harvard Business School Case 394-154, February 1994. (Revised July 2005.)
- 1994
- Book
Building the Information-Age Organization: Structure, Control, and Information Technologies
Cash, J. I., Jr., R. G. Eccles, N. Nohria, and R. Nolan. Building the Information-Age Organization: Structure, Control, and Information Technologies. 3rd ed. Irwin Case Book Series in Information Systems Management. Irwin, 1994.
- January 1994 (Revised November 2002)
- Case
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
By: Stephen P. Bradley and Pankaj Ghemawat
Focuses on the evolution of Wal-Mart's remarkably successful discount operations and describes the company's more recent attempts to diversify into other businesses. The company has entered the warehouse club industry with its Sam's Clubs and the grocery business with... View Details
Keywords: Stocks; Price; Marketing Channels; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Information Technology
Bradley, Stephen P., and Pankaj Ghemawat. "Wal-Mart Stores, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 794-024, January 1994. (Revised November 2002.)
- 1994
- Book
Strategic Management in Information Technology
By: D. B. Yoffie
Yoffie, D. B. Strategic Management in Information Technology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994.
- 1994
- Book
The Making of Global Enterprises
By: G. Jones
This volume presents new insights on the history of international business. Two main themes are addressed: how and when has global business developed over the last century? and what has been its impact on host economies? The volume includes a pioneering study by Mira... View Details
Keywords: Economic History; Business Subsidiaries; Economy; Trade; Globalized Firms and Management; Information Technology
Jones, G., ed. The Making of Global Enterprises. London: Frank Cass, 1994.
- 1994
- Article
Integration and Dynamic Capability: Evidence from Development in Automobiles and Mainframe Computers
By: M. Iansiti and K. B. Clark
Iansiti, M., and K. B. Clark. "Integration and Dynamic Capability: Evidence from Development in Automobiles and Mainframe Computers." Industrial and Corporate Change 3, no. 3 (1994): 557–605.
- December 1993
- Case
Severn Trent Water (A): A Change of IMAGE
By: F. Warren McFarlan and Chris L Marshall
McFarlan, F. Warren, and Chris L Marshall. "Severn Trent Water (A): A Change of IMAGE." Harvard Business School Case 194-060, December 1993.
- December 1993
- Case
Severn Trent Water (B): Reaping the Technology Dividend
By: F. Warren McFarlan and Chris L Marshall
Keywords: Information Technology
McFarlan, F. Warren, and Chris L Marshall. "Severn Trent Water (B): Reaping the Technology Dividend." Harvard Business School Case 194-061, December 1993.
- 1 Nov 1993
- Conference Presentation
Information Technology's Role in Transforming Customer Service
By: Jim I. Cash Jr.
- November 1993
- Article
Software Complexity and Software Maintenance Costs
By: R. Banker, S. Datar, C. Kemerer and D. Zweig
Banker, R., S. Datar, C. Kemerer, and D. Zweig. "Software Complexity and Software Maintenance Costs." Communications of the ACM 36, no. 11 (November 1993): 81–94.
- October 1993 (Revised September 1994)
- Background Note
Accounting for Productivity Growth
Introduces students to the arithmetic of the accounting for national productivity growth. It defines labor productivity, capital productivity, and total factor productivity, describes the relationships among them, and discusses the phenomena that cause them to change... View Details
Keywords: Performance Productivity; Macroeconomics; Analytics and Data Science; Government and Politics; Mathematical Methods; United States; Singapore
Reinhardt, Forest L. "Accounting for Productivity Growth." Harvard Business School Background Note 794-051, October 1993. (Revised September 1994.)