Publications

2010
Working Paper

Conceptual Foundations of the Balanced Scorecard

By: Robert S. Kaplan

David Norton and I introduced the Balanced Scorecard in a 1992 Harvard Business Review article (Kaplan & Norton, 1992). The article was based on a multi-company research project to study performance measurement in companies whose intangible assets played a central role... View Details

Keywords: Asset Management; Balanced Scorecard; Management Systems; Performance Improvement; Strategy

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January 2008
Article

Mastering the Management System

By: Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton

Companies have always found it hard to balance pressing operational concerns with long-term strategic priorities. The tension is critical: World-class processes won't lead to success without the right strategic direction, and the best strategy in the world will get... View Details

Keywords: Framework; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Management Systems; Operations; Performance Improvement; Strategy

November 2018
Case

Swissgrid: Enterprise Risk Management in a Digital Age

By: Robert S. Kaplan and Anette Mikes

Kurt Meyer, chief risk officer of Swissgrid, the Swiss national electricity transmission system operator, reflects on the risk management system he installed after the deregulation and liberalization of the European energy market. With 41 connections to other European... View Details

Keywords: Enterprise Risk Management; Energy Transmission; Risk and Uncertainty; Risk Management; Energy; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; Switzerland

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Finance - Faculty & Research

Velayudhan. "Fiscal Externalities of Transaction Taxes: Evidence from the Los Angeles Mansion Tax." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 5273034, June 2025. More Publications Faculty Josh Lerner Paul A. Gompers William A. Sahlman Robert View Details

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Podcast - Business & Environment

leaders Robert Litterman, a seasoned risk management expert; Nushin Kormi, a specialist in sustainable finance; and Kevin Stiroh, a financial regulator. The discussion, moderated by Professor Ramana Nanda,... View Details

Research Summary

Consumerism and the Distributed Delivery of Health Care

By: Robert S. Huckman

This stream of Professor Huckman's work examines the growing tendency for health care to be delivered in a more distributed manner. Examples of this phenomenon include health IT, teleradiology, medical travel, remote monitoring of chronic medical conditions, and retail... View Details

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Cases & Teaching Notes - Institute For Strategy And Competitiveness

outcomes for every patient. January 2018 HBS Case Collection Medtronic: Navigating a Shifting Healthcare Landscape by Robert S. Kaplan, Michael E. Porter, Thomas W. Feeley and... View Details

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Business & Environment - Faculty & Research

Standards ; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact Citation Purchase Related Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, and Geoffrey Jones. "Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change." Chap. 1 in Climate Change and Business: Historical Perspectives , edited View Details

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Team - Institute For Strategy And Competitiveness

School, Harvard Law School, Dell Medical School, and the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement. Harvard Business School Michael E. Porter M.B.A., Ph.D., Bishop William Lawrence University Professor Robert View Details

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Resources - Christensen Center for Teaching & Learning

Practical Guide by E. Anderson & B. Schiano This book gives practical advice on how to teach with cases at institutions where it is not the primary pedagogy. 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Socrates' Muse: Reflections on Effective Case Discussion... View Details

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Technology & Operations Management Awards & Honors - Faculty & Research

awarded the 2023 Junior Scholar Paper Competition Prize from the College of Behavioral Operations at the Production and Operations Management Society (POMS). Frances X. Frei : Recognized by Thinkers50 as one of the world’s leading... View Details

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Increasing Value in Care Delivery - Health Care

through improving operations is the focus of Professor Robert Huckman’s research, MBA course curriculum, and Executive Education teaching. Huckman is the faculty chair of the HBS Health Care Initiative and... View Details

July 1989 (Revised August 1993)
Supplement

Kanthal (B)

By: Robert S. Kaplan

Describes actions taken by senior management of Kanthal after seeing the results of the newly installed account management system. Designed as a class handout. A rewritten version of an earlier case by the same author. View Details

Keywords: Accounting; Management Systems; Management Teams

January–February 2018
Article

Inclusive Growth: Profitable Strategies for Tackling Poverty and Inequality

By: Robert S. Kaplan, George Serafeim and Eduardo Tugendhat

More than a billion people in the developing world remain in extreme poverty and outside the formal economy. Traditional CSR programs have done little to alleviate the situation and rarely produce transformative change.
Instead of trying to fix local problems,... View Details

Keywords: Inclusive Growth; Sustainability; Social Impact; Business Strategy; Shared Value; Impact Investing; Inequality; Corporate Governance; Balanced Scorecard; Strategy Execution; Economic Growth; Developing Countries and Economies; Poverty; Equality and Inequality; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Strategy; Investment

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March 2003
Article

Technological Development and Medical Productivity: The Diffusion of Angioplasty in New York State

By: David M. Cutler and Robert S. Huckman

A puzzling feature of many medical innovations is that they simultaneously appear to reduce unit costs and increase total costs. We consider this phenomenon by examining the diffusion of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)—a treatment for coronary... View Details

Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Cost; Health Care and Treatment; Health Disorders; Performance Improvement; Product; New York (state, US)

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Faculty & Researchers - Managing the Future of Work

Wall Street Journal, 2021. The Challenge of Rebuilding U.S. Domestic Supply Chains , Harvard Business Review, 2021. With Robert S. Huckman and James Wyner. Global Supply Chains... View Details

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Leadership - Faculty & Research

Kazakhstan." Harvard Business School Case 425-077, May 2025. Dell Med: Transforming Care Delivery & Payment By: Robert S. Kaplan , David N. Bernstein and Mary L. Witkowski May 2025 | Case | Faculty Research... View Details

November 2003 (Revised April 2010)
Case

Flextronics International, Ltd.

By: Robert S. Huckman and Gary P. Pisano

Describes Flextronics' evolution from providing outsourced manufacturing services for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the electronics industry to developing entire unbranded products for purchase by OEMs. In 2001, Flextronics began a development program that... View Details

Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Product Development; Production; Service Operations; Performance Effectiveness; Electronics Industry; Manufacturing Industry

Educators