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- March 1997 (Revised June 1999)
- Background Note
Using Activity-Based Costing with Budgeted Expenses and Practical Capacity
By: Robert S. Kaplan
Describes how activity-based costing (ABC) should be applied with: 1) budgeted, not historical, expenses and 2) assigning the costs of capacity resources. View Details
Kaplan, Robert S. "Using Activity-Based Costing with Budgeted Expenses and Practical Capacity." Harvard Business School Background Note 197-083, March 1997. (Revised June 1999.)
- February 1997 (Revised June 1999)
- Background Note
Committed and Flexible Resources
By: Robert S. Kaplan
Stresses the difference between costs committed in advance of knowing actual demand (committed costs) and cost incurred proportional to demand. Committed costs appear fixed since their supply is independent of the amount actually used. Flexible resources are supplied... View Details
Keywords: Cost
Kaplan, Robert S. "Committed and Flexible Resources." Harvard Business School Background Note 197-078, February 1997. (Revised June 1999.)
- February 1997 (Revised July 2001)
- Background Note
Introduction to Activity-Based Costing
By: Robert S. Kaplan
Introduces the fundamental notions of activity-based costing (ABC). Motivates ABC by means of a simple example, a single and a diversified pen factory. Proceeds to show how ABC assigns costs more accurately to products and customers by: 1) identifying the activities... View Details
Keywords: Activity Based Costing and Management
Kaplan, Robert S. "Introduction to Activity-Based Costing." Harvard Business School Background Note 197-076, February 1997. (Revised July 2001.)
- February/March 1997
- Article
Why Does Business Need a Balanced Scorecard? Part I
By: Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton
Keywords: Balanced Scorecard
- January 1997
- Background Note
Assigning Support Department Expenses to Production Cost Centers (B): Flexible Budgets
By: Robert S. Kaplan
Describes the use of flexible budgets to assign support/service department costs to production cost centers. View Details
Kaplan, Robert S. "Assigning Support Department Expenses to Production Cost Centers (B): Flexible Budgets." Harvard Business School Background Note 197-048, January 1997.
- December 1996 (Revised February 2000)
- Background Note
Assigning Support Department Expenses to Production Cost Centers (A)
By: Robert S. Kaplan
Describes the first stage of the two-stage cost assignment process from support/service departments to production cost centers. View Details
Keywords: Cost
Kaplan, Robert S. "Assigning Support Department Expenses to Production Cost Centers (A)." Harvard Business School Background Note 197-046, December 1996. (Revised February 2000.)
- November 1996 (Revised April 1999)
- Case
United Way of Southeastern New England (UWSENE)
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Ellen L. Kaplan / RA
A regional United Way organization, a nonprofit already active in total quality management, implements a Balanced Scorecard to link its strategic planning objectives with day-to-day operations, and is able to translate its vision and strategy into objectives and... View Details
Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Nonprofit Organizations; Governing and Advisory Boards; Strategy; United States
Kaplan, Robert S., and Ellen L. Kaplan / RA. "United Way of Southeastern New England (UWSENE)." Harvard Business School Case 197-036, November 1996. (Revised April 1999.)
- Article
Knowing the Score
By: Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton
Kaplan, Robert S., and David Norton. "Knowing the Score." Financial Executive 12, no. 6 (November–December 1996): 30–33.
- October 1996 (Revised April 1998)
- Case
Mobil USM&R (D): Gasoline Marketing
By: Robert S. Kaplan
Mobil US Marketing & Refining has shifted from a centralized staff-driven organization to decentralized business-units. Staff functions now must negotiate service agreements with a buyer's committee consisting of representatives from the profit-center business units.... View Details
Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Management Teams; Human Resources; Agreements and Arrangements; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Customers; Situation or Environment; Business Units; Energy Industry; Mining Industry; United States
Kaplan, Robert S. "Mobil USM&R (D): Gasoline Marketing." Harvard Business School Case 197-028, October 1996. (Revised April 1998.)
- September 1996 (Revised September 1999)
- Case
Mobil USM&R (A): Linking the Balanced Scorecard
By: Robert S. Kaplan
The CEO of the marketing and refining division of a major oil company is in the midst of implementing a profit turnaround. He transforms the strongly centralized, functionally-organized division into 17 independent business units and 14 internal service companies. The... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Measurement and Metrics; Management Practices and Processes; Organizational Design; Balanced Scorecard; Corporate Strategy; Mining Industry; Energy Industry
Kaplan, Robert S. "Mobil USM&R (A): Linking the Balanced Scorecard." Harvard Business School Case 197-025, September 1996. (Revised September 1999.)
- September 1996 (Revised April 1998)
- Case
Mobil USM&R (B): New England Sales and Distribution
By: Robert S. Kaplan
The general manager of a local gasoline/distillate sales and distribution business unit must communicate a new strategy to the unit's 300 employees. An initial strategic planning exercise identified a high-priority list of opportunities that blended the parent... View Details
Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Adoption; Strategic Planning; Customization and Personalization; Management Practices and Processes; Growth and Development Strategy; Measurement and Metrics; Motivation and Incentives; Performance Evaluation; Energy Industry; Mining Industry; United States
Kaplan, Robert S. "Mobil USM&R (B): New England Sales and Distribution." Harvard Business School Case 197-026, September 1996. (Revised April 1998.)
- September 1996 (Revised May 1997)
- Case
Mobil USM&R (C): Lubricants Business Unit
By: Robert S. Kaplan
The general manager of a Lubricants Business Unit in Mobil's U.S. Marketing and Refining division launched a project to develop a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) for his unit. The purpose was to provide focus for all employees of the unit, enabling it to operate on an... View Details
Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Employees; Customization and Personalization; Performance Evaluation; Measurement and Metrics; Management Teams; Projects; Energy Industry; Mining Industry; United States
Kaplan, Robert S. "Mobil USM&R (C): Lubricants Business Unit." Harvard Business School Case 197-027, September 1996. (Revised May 1997.)
- fall 1996
- Article
Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy
By: Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton
Kaplan, Robert S., and David Norton. "Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy." California Management Review 39, no. 1 (fall 1996): 53–79.
- September–October 1996
- Article
Strategic Learning and the Balanced Scorecard
By: Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton
Kaplan, Robert S., and David Norton. "Strategic Learning and the Balanced Scorecard." Strategy & Leadership (September–October 1996): 18–24.
- 1996
- Book
The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action
By: Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton
Keywords: Balanced Scorecard
Kaplan, Robert S., and David P. Norton. The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1996. (Nominated for Financial Times/ Booz-Allen & Hamilton Global Business Book Award presented by Booz-Allen & Hamilton. Winner of Notable Contribution to Management Accounting Literature Award presented by American Accounting Association.)
- April 1996 (Revised April 1996)
- Case
Activity-Based Management at Stream International
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Norman Klein
Stream International's Crawfordsville, Indiana facilities undertake the design and implementation of an activity-based costing project. After analyzing the costs assigned to 161 work activities, Crawfordsville managers present five proposals for change based on ABM... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Change Management; Activity Based Costing and Management; Indiana
Kaplan, Robert S., and Norman Klein. "Activity-Based Management at Stream International." Harvard Business School Case 196-134, April 1996. (Revised April 1996.)
- March 1996
- Case
Provigo, Inc.
By: Kenneth A. Merchant and Robert S. Kaplan
Merchant, Kenneth A., and Robert S. Kaplan. "Provigo, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 196-128, March 1996.
- March 1996
- Case
Graves Industries, Inc.
By: Kenneth A. Merchant and Robert S. Kaplan
Merchant, Kenneth A., and Robert S. Kaplan. "Graves Industries, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 196-127, March 1996.
- March 1996 (Revised May 1996)
- Case
Natomas North America
By: Kenneth A. Merchant and Robert S. Kaplan
Keywords: North America
Merchant, Kenneth A., and Robert S. Kaplan. "Natomas North America." Harvard Business School Case 196-129, March 1996. (Revised May 1996.)
- February 1996
- Case
Chadwick, Inc.: The Balanced Scorecard (Abridged)
By: Robert S. Kaplan
The pharmaceutical division of a diversified company has been asked to develop a Balanced Scorecard. Research and development projects take about ten years to bring a new product to the marketplace and the division depends on good relations and active feedback from its... View Details
Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Research and Development; Product Launch; Commercialization; Consumer Behavior; Customer Focus and Relationships; Performance Evaluation; Pharmaceutical Industry
Kaplan, Robert S. "Chadwick, Inc.: The Balanced Scorecard (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 196-124, February 1996.