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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(3,166)
- People (5)
- News (663)
- Research (1,998)
- Events (19)
- Multimedia (30)
- Faculty Publications (1,217)
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- June 1993 (Revised December 1994)
- Case
Milkpak Limited.: International Joint Venture
By: John A. Quelch
Considers a Pakistani company's decision to conduct a joint venture with a foreign multinational. In 1987, Milkpak Ltd. had successfully developed a market for sterilized milk and wanted to produce other value-added food products. The company was evaluating the best... View Details
Keywords: Negotiation; Multinational Firms and Management; Joint Ventures; Developing Countries and Economies; Food and Beverage Industry; Pakistan
Quelch, John A. "Milkpak Limited.: International Joint Venture." Harvard Business School Case 593-113, June 1993. (Revised December 1994.)
- December 2004 (Revised May 2005)
- Case
The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
By: David E. Bell and Hal Hogan
The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) has a long, successful history at inventing solutions that help developing countries improve their agriculture. Their research centers are spread across the globe. For many years, they were funded by... View Details
Keywords: History; Adaptation; Investment; Research and Development; Agribusiness; Developing Countries and Economies; Innovation and Invention; Consulting Industry
Bell, David E., and Hal Hogan. "The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research." Harvard Business School Case 505-002, December 2004. (Revised May 2005.)
- 2017
- Working Paper
Elite Ideas and Incremental Policy Change: The Expansion of Primary Education in India
By: Akshay Mangla
This paper analyzes India’s recent enactment of universal primary education. Given the clientelistic features of Indian democracy, this programmatic policy change presents a puzzle. Drawing on interviews and official documents, I find that committed state elites... View Details
Keywords: India; Political Economy; Ideas; Institutional Change; Education; Change Management; India
Mangla, Akshay. "Elite Ideas and Incremental Policy Change: The Expansion of Primary Education in India." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-077, February 2017.
- 13 Nov 2006
- Working Paper Summaries
A New Framework for Analyzing and Managing Macrofinancial Risks of An Economy
- September 2022
- Article
Energy Innovation Funding and Institutions in Major Economies
By: Jonas Meckling, Clara Galeazzi, Esther Shears, Tong Xu and Laura Diaz Anadon
Accelerating energy innovation for decarbonization hinges on public investment in research, development and demonstration (RD&D). Here we examine the evolution and variation of public energy RD&D funding and institutions and associated drivers across eight major... View Details
Keywords: Research and Development; Innovation and Invention; Energy Policy; Government Legislation; Energy Sources
Meckling, Jonas, Clara Galeazzi, Esther Shears, Tong Xu, and Laura Diaz Anadon. "Energy Innovation Funding and Institutions in Major Economies." Nature Energy 7, no. 9 (September 2022): 876–885.
- November 2013 (Revised January 2016)
- Course Overview Note
The Role of Government in Market Economies (RoGME)
This course is about one question: What is the proper role of the government in the market economy? We study the role of government as it plays out in the real world, using vivid case studies from many countries, decades, and policy angles. At the same time, we align... View Details
Weinzierl, Matthew. "The Role of Government in Market Economies (RoGME)." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 714-035, November 2013. (Revised January 2016.)
- February 1992 (Revised September 2019)
- Case
The House of Tata
By: James E. Austin and Ashish Nanda
The case traces the evolution of the Tata group, one of the largest and highly respected Indian business houses, from its 19th century founding and early growth in diverse industries, to its response to changes in government regulation in independent India, up to its... View Details
Keywords: Indian Economy; International Business; Government And Business; Government Regulation; Synergy; Conglomerates; Business Conglomerates; Developing Countries and Economies; Business and Government Relations; Business History; Steel Industry; Electronics Industry; Chemical Industry; Insurance Industry; Air Transportation Industry; India
Austin, James E., and Ashish Nanda. "The House of Tata." Harvard Business School Case 792-065, February 1992. (Revised September 2019.)
- November 1999 (Revised April 2002)
- Case
International Business Machines Corporation (B)
By: David F. Hawkins
IBM changes pension plan from a defined benefit plan to a cash-balance plan. Teaching purpose: To understand pension accounting. View Details
Keywords: Business or Company Management; Transformation; Business Earnings; Private Sector; Personal Finance; Cash; Information Infrastructure; Taxation; Computer Industry; Accounting Industry
Hawkins, David F. "International Business Machines Corporation (B)." Harvard Business School Case 100-033, November 1999. (Revised April 2002.)
- 2025
- Working Paper
Global Harms, Local Profits: How the Uneven Costs of Natural Disasters Affect Support for Green Political Platforms
By: Silvia Pianta and Paula Rettl
Large-scale fires are becoming increasingly common due to climate change. While conventional
wisdom suggests that firsthand experiences with natural disasters foster green coalitions
by raising awareness of environmental degradation, we propose an alternative... View Details
Keywords: Climate Impact; Politics; Environmental Issues; Environmental Protection; Economic Analysis; Economic Behavior; Economic Geography; Economy; Economics; Climate Change; Environmental Management; Political Elections; Natural Disasters; Green Technology; Environmental Sustainability; Latin America; Brazil
Pianta, Silvia, and Paula Rettl. "Global Harms, Local Profits: How the Uneven Costs of Natural Disasters Affect Support for Green Political Platforms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-023, September 2023. (Revised June 2025.)
- 07 Sep 2007
- Working Paper Summaries
Diversification of Chinese Companies: An International Comparison
- Research Summary
Overview
My research aims to understand how prosperity is created in poor countries. My first “chapter” in this larger quest has focused on how rich-country actors have managed to be a force for change in poor-country economies. I have investigated the various attempts of... View Details
- 2025
- Working Paper
How Do Voters Respond to Cues by Charismatic Leaders? Evidence from Brazil
By: Paula Rettl
While elite-cue effects on public opinion are well-documented, questions remain as
to when and why voters use elite cues to inform their opinions and behaviors. This
study contributes to answer these questions by testing whether voters react to cues
by charismatic... View Details
Keywords: Elites; Public Engagement; Politics; Political Affiliation; Political Campaigns; Political Influence; Political Leadership; Political Economy; Survey Research; COVID-19; COVID-19 Pandemic; COVID; Cognitive Psychology; Cognitive Biases; Political Elections; Voting; Power and Influence; Identity; Behavior; Latin America; Brazil
Rettl, Paula. "How Do Voters Respond to Cues by Charismatic Leaders? Evidence from Brazil." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-022, October 2023. (Revised June 2025.)
- Research Summary
Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis
By: Laura Alfaro
In recent decades, advances in information and communication technology and falling trade barriers have led firms to retain within their boundaries and in their domestic economies only a subset of their production stages. A key decision facing firms worldwide is the... View Details
- April 2019
- Article
Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis
By: Laura Alfaro, Pol Antràs, Davin Chor and Paola Conconi
In recent decades, advances in information and communication technology and falling trade barriers have led firms to retain within their boundaries and in their domestic economies only a subset of their production stages. A key decision facing firms worldwide is the... View Details
Keywords: Global Value Chains; Sequential Production; Incomplete Contracts; Demand and Consumers; Customer Value and Value Chain; Globalization
Alfaro, Laura, Pol Antràs, Davin Chor, and Paola Conconi. "Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis." Journal of Political Economy 127, no. 2 (April 2019): 508–559. (See Online Appendix. Replications files available here. Also NBER Working Paper 21582.)
- 2017
- Working Paper
Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis
By: Laura Alfaro, Pol Antràs, Davin Chor and Paola Conconi
In recent decades, advances in information and communication technology and falling trade barriers have led firms to retain within their boundaries and in their domestic economies only a subset of their production stages. A key decision facing firms worldwide is the... View Details
Keywords: Global Value Chains; Sequential Production; Incomplete Contracts; Demand and Consumers; Customer Value and Value Chain; Globalization
Alfaro, Laura, Pol Antràs, Davin Chor, and Paola Conconi. "Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-028, September 2015. (Updated October 2017. See Online Appendix. Also NBER Working Paper 21582. Forthcoming in the Journal of Political Economy.)
- 2007
- Report
Competitiveness at the Crossroads: Choosing the Future Direction of the Russian Economy
By: Michael E. Porter and Christian H.M. Ketels
The report synthesizes, interprets, and draws implications about Russia's economic progress, applying the Porter competitiveness framework. It is part of a Strategic Audit of the Russian Federation, a broader set of research activities coordinated by CSR to provide a... View Details
Keywords: Macroeconomics; Microeconomics; Globalized Economies and Regions; Policy; Business and Government Relations; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Russia
Porter, Michael E., and Christian H.M. Ketels. "Competitiveness at the Crossroads: Choosing the Future Direction of the Russian Economy." Report, Center for Strategic Research, Moscow, Russia, December 2007.
- March 2008 (Revised March 2010)
- Module Note
Global Capital and National Institutions: Crisis and Choice in the International Financial Architecture
By: Laura Alfaro
This module note presents a series of case studies taught in the Harvard Business School course Institutions, Macroeconomics, and the Global Economy (IMaGE). The course addresses the opportunities created by the emergence of a global economy and proposes strategies for... View Details
Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; International Finance; Globalized Economies and Regions; Macroeconomics
Alfaro, Laura. "Global Capital and National Institutions: Crisis and Choice in the International Financial Architecture." Harvard Business School Module Note 708-041, March 2008. (Revised March 2010.)
- March 1996 (Revised August 1997)
- Case
Recycling Problem: International Bank Lending in the 1970s
By: Huw Pill
Provides a brief overview of international bank lending to developing countries in the 1970s and its culmination in the Third-World debt crisis after 1982. View Details
Keywords: International Finance; Financing and Loans; Borrowing and Debt; Developing Countries and Economies; Financial Crisis; Banking Industry
Pill, Huw. "Recycling Problem: International Bank Lending in the 1970s." Harvard Business School Case 796-131, March 1996. (Revised August 1997.)
- 2009
- Working Paper
Why Do Countries Adopt International Financial Reporting Standards?
By: Karthik Ramanna and Ewa Sletten
In a sample of 102 non-European Union countries, we study variations in the decision to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). There is evidence that more powerful countries are less likely to adopt IFRS, consistent with more powerful countries being... View Details
Keywords: Financial Reporting; International Accounting; Globalized Economies and Regions; Network Effects; Standards; Adoption
Ramanna, Karthik, and Ewa Sletten. "Why Do Countries Adopt International Financial Reporting Standards?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-102, March 2009.
- 2010
- Other Unpublished Work
International Capital Allocation, Sovereign Borrowing, and Growth
By: Laura Alfaro, Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan and Vadym Volosovych
The key in the investigation of "where" and "why" capital flows, relative to the neoclassical benchmark, is how we measure these flows. The macro literature has been using three main yardsticks: the current account balance, returns to capital, and the volume of net... View Details