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  • 2012
  • Other Unpublished Work

Selection, Reallocation, and Knowledge Spillover: Identifying the Sources of Productivity Gains from Multinational Activity

By: Laura Alfaro and Maggie X. Chen
The impact of multinational activity on host-country productivity has been a major topic of economic research. A positive impact can be attributed to knowledge spillovers from foreign multinational to domestic firms or a less stressed, alternative explanation—firm... View Details
Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Performance Productivity; Supply and Industry; Knowledge; Manufacturing Industry
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Alfaro, Laura, and Maggie X. Chen. "Selection, Reallocation, and Knowledge Spillover: Identifying the Sources of Productivity Gains from Multinational Activity." 2012.
  • 2005
  • Chapter

Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the United States

By: David Vogel, Michael W. Toffel and Diahanna Post
The United States (US) and the European Union (EU) are federal systems in which the responsibility for environmental policy-making is divided or shared between the central government and the (member) states. The attribution of decision-making power has important policy... View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Government Legislation; Natural Environment; Pollutants; Climate Change; European Union; United States
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Vogel, David, Michael W. Toffel, and Diahanna Post. "Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the United States." Chap. 9 in A Handbook of Globalisation and Environmental Policy: National Government Interventions in a Global Arena, edited by F. Wijen, K. Zoeteman, and J. Pieters, 247–276. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005.
  • 07 Nov 2023
  • Research & Ideas

When Glasses Land the Gig: Employers Still Choose Workers Who 'Look the Part'

study, Troncoso and Luo looked at six months of data collected by Freelancer.com in 2018. It covers more than 160,000 freelancers, over 2 million applications, and 63,014 completed jobs. They found that freelancers with certain attributes... View Details
Keywords: by Scott Van Voorhis
  • Article

Moving Beyond Schumpeter: Management Research on the Determinants of Technological Innovation

By: Gautam Ahuja, Curba Morris Lampert and Vivek Tandon
Schumpeter's conjecture that large monopolistic firms were the key source of innovation in modern industrial economies has been the underpinning for much work on the topic of innovation. In this review paper we consciously move beyond the Schumpeterian tradition of... View Details
Keywords: Technological Innovation; Management; Strategy
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Ahuja, Gautam, Curba Morris Lampert, and Vivek Tandon. "Moving Beyond Schumpeter: Management Research on the Determinants of Technological Innovation." Academy of Management Annals 2 (2008): 1–98.
  • Research Summary

Selection, Reallocation, and Spillover: Identifying the Sources of Gains from Multinational Production (with Maggie Chen)

By: Laura Alfaro

Quantifying the gains from multinational production has been a vital topic of economic research. Positive productivity gains are often attributed to knowledge spillover from multinational to domestic firms. An alternative, less stressed explanation is firm selection... View Details

Keywords: Gains From Multinational Production; Firm Selection; Knowledge Spillover
  • October 2024
  • Article

Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program

By: Sergey Chernenko and David Scharfstein
Using a large sample of Florida restaurants, we document significant racial disparities in borrowing through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and investigate the causes of these disparities. Black-owned restaurants are 25% less likely to receive PPP loans.... View Details
Keywords: Discrimination; Paycheck Protection Program; Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Bank Lending; Nonbank Lending; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Prejudice and Bias; Race
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Chernenko, Sergey, and David Scharfstein. "Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program." Art. 103911. Journal of Financial Economics 160 (October 2024).
  • 01 Jun 2007
  • Working Paper Summaries

Firm-Size Distribution and Cross-Country Income Differences

Keywords: by Laura Alfaro, Andrew Charlton & Fabio Kanczuk
  • 2025
  • Working Paper

Where Discovery Happens: Research Institutions and Fundamental Knowledge in the Life-Sciences

By: Amitabh Chandra and Connie Xu
Fundamental knowledge in the life sciences has consequential implications for medicine and subsequent medical innovations. Using publications in leading life science journals to measure fundamental knowledge, we document large agglomerations in the institutions where... View Details
Keywords: Research; Innovation and Invention; Science
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Chandra, Amitabh, and Connie Xu. "Where Discovery Happens: Research Institutions and Fundamental Knowledge in the Life-Sciences." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33996, July 2025.
  • Winter 2024
  • Article

Return to Office Decisions: A Culture Question?

By: Yo-Jud Cheng and Boris Groysberg
Company culture is an important source of competitive advantage and differentiation. Even in times of crisis, leaders must attend to their company’s culture, designing it in alignment with their strategy and priorities. One of the most consequential decisions that... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Culture; Employee Relationship Management
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Cheng, Yo-Jud, and Boris Groysberg. "Return to Office Decisions: A Culture Question?" Management and Business Review 4, no. 1 (Winter 2024): 8–15.
  • Article

Network Effects Aren't Enough

By: Andrei Hagiu and Simon Rothman
In many ways, online marketplaces are the perfect business model. Since they facilitate transactions between independent suppliers and customers rather than take possession of and responsibility for the products or services in question, they have inherently low cost... View Details
Keywords: Digital Platforms; Competition; Internet and the Web; Network Effects; Market Participation
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Hagiu, Andrei, and Simon Rothman. "Network Effects Aren't Enough." Harvard Business Review 94, no. 4 (April 2016): 65–71.
  • June 2008
  • Article

Bringing the Context Back In: Settings and the Search for Syndicate Partners in Venture Capital Investment Networks

Most existing network-based theories of relationship formation, whether based on homophily or structural constraint, imply that actors form highly cohesive, homogenous clusters. Yet real networks also include many "bridging" ties—isolated links between parties that... View Details
Keywords: Venture Capital; Networks; Theory; Partners and Partnerships; Investment; Risk and Uncertainty; Business Growth and Maturation; Size; Geographic Location
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Sorenson, Olav, and Toby E. Stuart. "Bringing the Context Back In: Settings and the Search for Syndicate Partners in Venture Capital Investment Networks." Administrative Science Quarterly 53, no. 2 (June 2008).
  • Article

Why Do Pro Forma and Street Earnings Not Reflect Changes in GAAP? Evidence from SFAS 123R

By: Ian D. Gow, Mary E. Barth and Daniel Taylor
This study examines how key market participants—managers and analysts—responded to SFAS 123R's controversial requirement that firms recognize stock-based compensation expense. Despite mandated recognition of the expense, some firms' managers exclude it from pro forma... View Details
Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Employee Stock Ownership Plan
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Gow, Ian D., Mary E. Barth, and Daniel Taylor. "Why Do Pro Forma and Street Earnings Not Reflect Changes in GAAP? Evidence from SFAS 123R." Review of Accounting Studies 17, no. 3 (September 2012): 526–562.
  • December 2009
  • Article

Hiding the Evidence of Valid Theories: How Coupled Search Processes Obscure Performance Differences Among Organizations

By: Nicolaj Siggelkow and Jan Rivkin
Theorists argue that an organization's high-level choices, such as its organizational design or the attributes of its top management team, should influence its performance, yet empirical researchers have struggled to detect such influence. The impact of high-level... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Management Teams; Organizational Design; Performance Effectiveness; Power and Influence; Balance and Stability
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Siggelkow, Nicolaj, and Jan Rivkin. "Hiding the Evidence of Valid Theories: How Coupled Search Processes Obscure Performance Differences Among Organizations." Administrative Science Quarterly 54, no. 4 (December 2009): 602 – 634.
  • April 2006 (Revised October 2006)
  • Case

Best Buy Co., Inc.: Customer-Centricity

By: Rajiv Lal, Carin-Isabel Knoop and Irina Tarsis
With FY2005 sales of $27.3 billion, Richfield, Minn.-based Best Buy Co., Inc. was the leading retailer of consumer electronics, home-office products, and related services in North America. Its operations included the distinct store formats Best Buy, Future Shop in... View Details
Keywords: Customer Focus and Relationships; Service Operations; Business Earnings; Financial Crisis; Failure; Business Model; Leadership; Segmentation; Value Creation; Electronics Industry; United States; Canada; Mongolia
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Lal, Rajiv, Carin-Isabel Knoop, and Irina Tarsis. "Best Buy Co., Inc.: Customer-Centricity." Harvard Business School Case 506-055, April 2006. (Revised October 2006.)
  • 30 Jun 2015
  • First Look

First Look: June 30, 2015

2000s, a period during which Treasury bonds enabled investors to hedge macroeconomic risks. This paper develops a New Keynesian macroeconomic model with habit formation preferences that prices both bonds and stocks. The model attributes... View Details
Keywords: Carmen Nobel
  • 08 Aug 2023
  • Research & Ideas

Black Employees Not Only Earn Less, But Deal with Bad Bosses and Poor Conditions

the groups weren’t large, they remained consistent across Zhang’s research models. “We saw consistent racial differences when it comes to the level of amenities in the workplace,” Zhang says. What’s causing work environment inequities? These differences, says Zhang,... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding
  • May 2011 (Revised March 2012)
  • Case

Nanda Home: Preparing for Life after Clocky

By: Elie Ofek and Jill Avery
Gauri Nanda, the inventor of Clocky, the alarm clock that rolls off the bed stand and forces its owner to find it, has to make critical decisions regarding the future of her nascent company. As sales of Clocky show signs of declining, she must decide whether to... View Details
Keywords: Brands and Branding; Management; Electronics Industry
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Ofek, Elie, and Jill Avery. "Nanda Home: Preparing for Life after Clocky." Harvard Business School Case 511-134, May 2011. (Revised March 2012.)
  • June 1998 (Revised January 2000)
  • Case

Egghead.com

By: Jeffrey F. Rayport
Egghead Software, an entrenched traditional chain retailer specializing in computer software and peripherals, had established a nationwide chain of mall and shopping center stores and a well-organized national brand. In early 1998, management made a highly unusual, and... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Digital Platforms; Internet and the Web; Applications and Software; Information Technology Industry; Retail Industry
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Rayport, Jeffrey F., Jeremy Dann, and Robert C Schmults. "Egghead.com." Harvard Business School Case 898-283, June 1998. (Revised January 2000.)
  • 2018
  • Working Paper

Do We See the Same Hierarchy? Status Disagreement in Multicultural Teams and Its Impact on Team Performance

By: Catarina Fernandes and Sujin Jang
This paper develops and tests a theory of status disagreement in multicultural teams. We posit that, in multicultural teams, the diversity of members’ cultural backgrounds will lead to implicit disagreements about who has how much status in the team. More specifically,... View Details
Keywords: Status; Social Hierarchies; Multicultural Teams; Team Performance; Team Diversity; Status and Position; Groups and Teams; Diversity; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Performance
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Fernandes, Catarina, and Sujin Jang. "Do We See the Same Hierarchy? Status Disagreement in Multicultural Teams and Its Impact on Team Performance." Working Paper, 2018. (Revise and resubmit, Academy of Management Journal.)
  • June 2017
  • Case

MIA: Profit at the Base of the Pyramid

By: Lynda M. Applegate, José Antonio Dávila Castilla, Sarah Mehta and Aldo Sesia
In January 2016, Guillermo Jaime had just returned home to Mexico City after attending a Harvard Business School executive education program. Jaime was the founder and CEO of Mejoramiento Integral Asistido (MIA), a company providing affordable housing to low-income... View Details
Keywords: Base Of The Pyramid; Social Capitalism; Housing; Emerging Markets; Social Enterprise; Society; Wealth and Poverty; Social Entrepreneurship; Construction Industry; Mexico
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Applegate, Lynda M., José Antonio Dávila Castilla, Sarah Mehta, and Aldo Sesia. "MIA: Profit at the Base of the Pyramid." Harvard Business School Case 817-073, June 2017.
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