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      US Competitiveness ProjectRemove US Competitiveness Project →

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      • September 2019 (Revised August 2020)
      • Case

      Engineering an Inclusive Bioeconomy

      By: Tarun Khanna, Raffaella Sadun and Susie L. Ma
      In 2019, entrepreneur Juan Carlos Castilla-Rubio was developing a project he hoped could generate and share wealth from the natural resources of the Amazon without destroying those resources. His idea, called Earth Bank of Codes (EBC), would create a library of the... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Development Economics; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Intellectual Property; Emerging Markets; Market Design; Marketplace Matching; Science; Genetics; Natural Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Social Enterprise; Strategy; Strategic Planning; Information Technology; Ownership; Social Psychology; Trust; Society; Biotechnology Industry; South America; Amazon Basin
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      Khanna, Tarun, Raffaella Sadun, and Susie L. Ma. "Engineering an Inclusive Bioeconomy." Harvard Business School Case 720-356, September 2019. (Revised August 2020.)
      • September 2019 (Revised May 2020)
      • Supplement

      Keroche (F): Future Growth Plans

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Pippa Tubman Armerding
      This case describes Keroche co-founder Tabitha Karanja’s 2012 decision to invest in additional production capacity. In November 2012, with a loan from Barclay’s bank, Keroche began constructing a new state-of-the-art beer brewery using German technology. The new plant,... View Details
      Keywords: Keroche; Alcohol; Aloholic Beverages; Beer; Production Capacity; Growth; Business Ventures; Business Exit or Shutdown; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Startups; Small Business; Family Business; Crime and Corruption; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decisions; Income; Demographics; Geographic Scope; Geographic Location; Goods and Commodities; Government Legislation; Growth and Development; Business History; Lawsuits and Litigation; Laws and Statutes; Lawfulness; Goals and Objectives; Consumer Behavior; Market Entry and Exit; Problems and Challenges; Safety; Social Issues; Poverty; Strategy; Competition; Entrepreneurship; Manufacturing Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Kenya; Nairobi; Africa
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Pippa Tubman Armerding. "Keroche (F): Future Growth Plans." Harvard Business School Supplement 720-395, September 2019. (Revised May 2020.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Soul and Machine (Learning)

      By: Davide Proserpio, John R. Hauser, Xiao Liu, Tomomichi Amano, Alex Burnap, Tong Guo, Dokyun Lee, Randall Lewis, Kanishka Misra, Eric Schwarz, Artem Timoshenko, Lilei Xu and Hema Yoganarasimhan
      Machine learning is bringing us self-driving cars, improved medical diagnostics, and machine translation, but can it improve marketing decisions? It can. Machine learning models predict extremely well, are scalable to “big data,” and are a natural fit to rich media... View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Marketing; AI and Machine Learning
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      Proserpio, Davide, John R. Hauser, Xiao Liu, Tomomichi Amano, Alex Burnap, Tong Guo, Dokyun Lee, Randall Lewis, Kanishka Misra, Eric Schwarz, Artem Timoshenko, Lilei Xu, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "Soul and Machine (Learning)." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-036, September 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 10 Variations on the Theme of Flow Production

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to explore how technologies and organizations engaged in flow production evolve over time. To allow for an apples-to-apples comparison, I examine organizations using essentially the same physical technologies, making similar products, and... View Details
      Keywords: Flow Production; Ford; General Motors; Competitiveness; Information Technology; Organizational Design; Production; Auto Industry
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 10 Variations on the Theme of Flow Production." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-034, September 2019.
      • September 2019
      • Case

      Shell: A Company of Opportunity?

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Emer Moloney
      The Opportunity Hub was a cloud-based platform that enabled managers to market projects they were working on and associated resourcing needs as “Opportunity Owners” and employees, or “Opportunity Seekers,” to browse these statements of need and engage when they had... View Details
      Keywords: Business Divisions; Change Management; Competency and Skills; Experience and Expertise; Talent and Talent Management; Energy; Energy Sources; Non-Renewable Energy; Renewable Energy; Human Resources; Employees; Retention; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Jobs and Positions; Job Design and Levels; Knowledge Sharing; Knowledge; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Labor; Human Capital; Labor Unions; Leading Change; Resource Allocation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Evaluation; Performance Productivity; Strategic Planning; Projects; Motivation and Incentives; Business Strategy; Social and Collaborative Networks; Technology Platform; Chemical Industry; Energy Industry; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; United Kingdom; Netherlands
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Emer Moloney. "Shell: A Company of Opportunity?" Harvard Business School Case 320-025, September 2019.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Collusion in Brokered Markets

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers and Richard Lowery
      The U.S. residential real estate agency market presents a puzzle for economic theory: commissions on real estate transactions have remained high for decades even though entry is frequent and costs are low. We model the real estate agency market, and other brokered... View Details
      Keywords: Real Estate; "Repeated Games"; Collusion; Antitrust; Brokered Markets; Game Theory; Real Estate Industry
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, and Richard Lowery. "Collusion in Brokered Markets." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-023, September 2019. (Revised July 2020.)
      • September 2019
      • Case

      Teaming Up to Win the Rail Deal at GE (A)

      By: Amy Edmondson, Ranjay Gulati and Rachna Tahilyani
      In 2012, Nalin Jain, then head of GE aviation for South Asia, was given the added responsibility for GE’s transportation business in India, including bidding for a $2.5 billion contract to manufacture, service and maintain 1,000 diesel locomotives for state owned... View Details
      Keywords: Recruitment; Selection and Staffing; Human Capital; Groups and Teams; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Industrial Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Rail Industry; Transportation Industry; United States; India
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      Edmondson, Amy, Ranjay Gulati, and Rachna Tahilyani. "Teaming Up to Win the Rail Deal at GE (A)." Harvard Business School Case 420-058, September 2019.
      • Article

      Advancing Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Research Through Open Innovation Competitions

      By: Andrea Blasco, Michael G. Endres, Rinat A. Sergeev, Anup Jonchhe, Max Macaluso, Rajiv Narayan, Ted Natoli, Jin H. Paik, Bryan Briney, Chunlei Wu, Andrew I. Su, Aravind Subramanian and Karim R. Lakhani
      Open data science and algorithm development competitions offer a unique avenue for rapid discovery of better computational strategies. We highlight three examples in computational biology and bioinformatics research where the use of competitions has yielded significant... View Details
      Keywords: Computational Biology; Bioinformatics; Innovation Competitions; Research; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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      Blasco, Andrea, Michael G. Endres, Rinat A. Sergeev, Anup Jonchhe, Max Macaluso, Rajiv Narayan, Ted Natoli, Jin H. Paik, Bryan Briney, Chunlei Wu, Andrew I. Su, Aravind Subramanian, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Advancing Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Research Through Open Innovation Competitions." PLoS ONE 14, no. 9 (September 2019).
      • September 2019
      • Article

      The Persistence of Broadband User Behavior: Implications for Universal Service and Competition Policy

      By: Andre Boik, Shane Greenstein and Jeffrey Prince
      In several markets, firms compete not for consumer expenditure but consumer attention. We examine user priorities over the allocation of their time, and interpret that behavior in light of salient tensions in policy discussions over universal service, data caps, and... View Details
      Keywords: Broadband Service; Attention Allocation; Consumer Behavior; Household; Internet and the Web; Competition; Policy
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      Boik, Andre, Shane Greenstein, and Jeffrey Prince. "The Persistence of Broadband User Behavior: Implications for Universal Service and Competition Policy." Telecommunications Policy 43, no. 8 (September 2019).
      • August 2019
      • Case

      Subscription Lines Dilemma

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Terrence Shu
      This case follows a fictional managing partner of a private equity firm, as she contemplates whether to utilize subscription lines of credit in her firm’s funds. Subscription lines are revolving lines of credit secured by commitments from a fund’s investors. Private... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Credit; Strategy
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Terrence Shu. "Subscription Lines Dilemma." Harvard Business School Case 220-025, August 2019.
      • August 2019 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      Lemonade: Disrupting Insurance with Instant Everything, Killer Prices, and a Big Heart

      By: Elie Ofek and Danielle Golan
      Launching its first products in the fall of 2016 in New York, insurtech startup Lemonade was on a mission to disrupt the insurance market by using AI and behavioral economics principles. The company offered renters, homeowners, and condo insurance and mainly targeted... View Details
      Keywords: AI; Business Startups; Insurance; Technological Innovation; Business Model; Disruption; Brands and Branding; Growth and Development Strategy; Global Strategy; Decision Making; Insurance Industry; Technology Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Danielle Golan. "Lemonade: Disrupting Insurance with Instant Everything, Killer Prices, and a Big Heart." Harvard Business School Case 520-020, August 2019. (Revised March 2022.)
      • Summer 2019
      • Article

      The Price Effects of Cross-Market Mergers: Theory and Evidence from the Hospital Industry

      By: Leemore S. Dafny, Katherine Ho and Robin S. Lee
      We consider the effect of mergers between firms whose products are not viewed as direct substitutes for the same good or service but are bundled by a common intermediary. Focusing on hospital mergers across distinct geographic markets, we show that such combinations... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Markets; Geographic Scope; Price; Outcome or Result; Insurance; Health Industry
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      Dafny, Leemore S., Katherine Ho, and Robin S. Lee. "The Price Effects of Cross-Market Mergers: Theory and Evidence from the Hospital Industry." RAND Journal of Economics 50, no. 2 (Summer 2019): 286–325.
      • June 2019
      • Article

      Social Risk, Fiscal Risk, and the Portfolio of Government Programs

      By: Samuel G. Hanson, David S. Scharfstein and Adi Sunderam
      We develop a model of government portfolio choice in which a benevolent government chooses the scale of risky projects in the presence of market failures and tax distortions. These two frictions generate motives to manage social risk and fiscal risk. Social risk... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Government and Politics; Programs
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      Hanson, Samuel G., David S. Scharfstein, and Adi Sunderam. "Social Risk, Fiscal Risk, and the Portfolio of Government Programs." Review of Financial Studies 32, no. 6 (June 2019): 2341–2382. (Internet Appendix Here.)
      • May 2019 (Revised September 2019)
      • Case

      Mobike and ofo: Dancing with Titans (A)

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Haibo Zhao
      This case address pacing issues – how fast does a company need to scale? It also examines the role of investors in determining company strategy and exit.
      Mobike and ofo were two dominant players in China’s emerging dockless bike-sharing market, that allowed users... View Details
      Keywords: Information Technology; Venture Capital; Financing and Loans; Competition; Value Creation; Governance; Economics; Business Startups; Strategy; Business Exit or Shutdown; Entrepreneurship; Infrastructure; Transportation; Bicycle Transportation; China
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Haibo Zhao. "Mobike and ofo: Dancing with Titans (A)." Harvard Business School Case 819-135, May 2019. (Revised September 2019.)
      • May, 2019
      • Article

      Who Would You Like to Work With?: Use of Individual Characteristics and Social Networks in Team Formation Systems

      By: Diego Gomez-Zara, Matthew Paras, Marlon Twyman, Jacqueline N. Lane, Leslie A. DeChurch and Noshir Contractor
      People and organizations are increasingly using online platforms to assemble teams. In response, HCI researchers have theorized frameworks and created systems to support team assembly. However, little is known about how users search for and choose teammates on these... View Details
      Keywords: Team Formation; Groups and Teams; Recruitment; Networks; Diversity
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      Gomez-Zara, Diego, Matthew Paras, Marlon Twyman, Jacqueline N. Lane, Leslie A. DeChurch, and Noshir Contractor. "Who Would You Like to Work With? Use of Individual Characteristics and Social Networks in Team Formation Systems." Art. 659. CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Proceedings (May, 2019).
      • April 2019 (Revised June 2019)
      • Case

      From Globalization to Dual Digital Transformation: CEO Thierry Breton Leading Atos Into 'Digital Shockwaves' (A)

      By: Tsedal Neeley, JT Keller and James Barnett
      Thierry Breton, chairman and CEO of IT company Atos, faced a pivotal juncture. After spending eight intense years scaling the company globally to over 100,000 employees in 70 countries, he was ready to take the next crucial step. Breton was convinced that rapid digital... View Details
      Keywords: Dual Digital Transformation; Transformation; Disruption; Employees; Competency and Skills; Training; Decision Making; Digital Transformation
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      Neeley, Tsedal, JT Keller, and James Barnett. "From Globalization to Dual Digital Transformation: CEO Thierry Breton Leading Atos Into 'Digital Shockwaves' (A)." Harvard Business School Case 419-027, April 2019. (Revised June 2019.)
      • April 2019
      • Case

      Barber Cardiosystems

      By: Ranjay Gulati and Paul S. Myers
      Barber Cardiosystems, based in Melbourne, Australia, designs and manufactures therapeutic devices used for treatment of coronary conditions. Over four decades, it has grown to be among the top 200 medical device companies in the world. It competes against much larger... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Strategic Alignment; Cost Management; Performance Productivity; Organizational Culture; Motivation and Incentives; Organizational Design; Strategy; Leadership; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Australia
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      Gulati, Ranjay, and Paul S. Myers. "Barber Cardiosystems." Harvard Business School Brief Case 919-505, April 2019.
      • March 2019
      • Case

      HOPI: Turkey's Shopping Companion

      By: Sunil Gupta, Donald Ngwe and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in 2017 as Onur Erbay, CEO of HOPI, a multi-vendor loyalty platform, is contemplating a critical decision. The case chronicles the origins of Boyner Group, the parent company of HOPI and a major retailer in Turkey, and development of retail and customer... View Details
      Keywords: Loyalty Programs; Multi-vendor Platform; Retail; Big Data; Customer Relationship Management; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Business Model; Analytics and Data Science; Competitive Strategy; Decision Making; Applications and Software; Digital Platforms; Technology Industry; Retail Industry; Turkey
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      Gupta, Sunil, Donald Ngwe, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "HOPI: Turkey's Shopping Companion." Harvard Business School Case 519-057, March 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Government Technology Policy, Social Value, and National Competitiveness

      By: Frank Nagle
      This study seeks to better understand the impact that government technology procurement regulations have on social value and national competitiveness. To do this, it examines the impact of a change in France’s technology procurement policy that required government... View Details
      Keywords: Social Value; Competitiveness; Government Administration; Information Technology; Acquisition; Policy; Value
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      Nagle, Frank. "Government Technology Policy, Social Value, and National Competitiveness." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-103, March 2019.
      • March 2019
      • Article

      A Structural Analysis of the Role of Superstars in Crowdsourcing Contests

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Param Singh and Anindya Ghose
      We investigate the long-term impact of competing against superstars in crowdsourcing contests. Using a unique 50-month longitudinal panel data set on 1677 software design crowdsourcing contests, we illustrate a learning effect where participants are able to improve... View Details
      Keywords: Crowdsourcing Contests; Superstar Effect; Bayesian Learning; Utility; Economics Of Information System; Dynamic Structural Model; Dynamic Programming; Markov Chain; Monte Carlo; Learning; Competition; Performance Improvement
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Param Singh, and Anindya Ghose. "A Structural Analysis of the Role of Superstars in Crowdsourcing Contests." Information Systems Research 30, no. 1 (March 2019): 15–33.
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