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      • October 2017 (Revised October 2022)
      • Case

      JetBlue: Relevant Sustainability Leadership (A)

      By: George Serafeim
      In 2017, JetBlue, the airline founded on the mission to “bring humanity back to air travel,” was considering becoming one of the first companies to report its sustainability performance according to the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) standards. SASB... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Metrics; Leadership And Change Management; Airlines; Innovation; Purpose; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Sustainability Reporting; Change Management; Leadership; Financial Reporting; Environmental Sustainability; Mission and Purpose; Reports; Competitive Strategy; Measurement and Metrics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Serafeim, George, and David Freiberg. "JetBlue: Relevant Sustainability Leadership (A)." Harvard Business School Case 118-030, October 2017. (Revised October 2022.)
      • October 2017
      • Article

      The Size of the LGBT Population and the Magnitude of Anti-Gay Sentiment Are Substantially Underestimated

      By: Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Lucas C. Coffman and Keith M. Marzilli Ericson
      We demonstrate that widely used measures of anti-gay sentiment and the size of the LGBT population are misestimated, likely substantially. In a series of online experiments using a large and diverse but non-representative sample, we compare estimates from the standard... View Details
      Keywords: LGBTQ; Social Trends & Culture; Economic Theory; Prejudice; Prejudice and Bias; Diversity; Economics; Demographics
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      Coffman, Katherine Baldiga, Lucas C. Coffman, and Keith M. Marzilli Ericson. "The Size of the LGBT Population and the Magnitude of Anti-Gay Sentiment Are Substantially Underestimated." Management Science 63, no. 10 (October 2017): 3168–3186.
      • September 2017 (Revised August 2018)
      • Supplement

      The Ready-Made Garment Industry: A Bangladeshi Perspective (D)

      By: Nien-hê Hsieh and Saloni Chaturvedi
      This supplements the (A) case by summarizing key developments in the Bangladesh ready-made garment industry after the fire at Tazreen Fashions factory, including formation of the Bangladesh Fire and Building Safety Accord (“Accord”) and the Alliance for Bangladesh... View Details
      Keywords: Apparel; Bangladesh; Corporate Responsibility; Human Rights; Supply Chains; Labor; Working Conditions; Supply Chain; Safety; Rights; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Bangladesh
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      Hsieh, Nien-hê, and Saloni Chaturvedi. "The Ready-Made Garment Industry: A Bangladeshi Perspective (D)." Harvard Business School Supplement 318-028, September 2017. (Revised August 2018.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Sex Selection and the Indian Marriage Market

      By: Reshmaan N. Hussam
      I consider the widespread phenomenon of sex ratios skewed by parental preference. Edlund (1999) proposes that if parents prefer sons and permit only women to marry up in social class, sexes will segregate by wealth in equilibrium. Using data on 30,000 Indian children,... View Details
      Keywords: Sex Selection; Marriage Market; Bargaining Power; Gender; Information Technology; Household; Outcome or Result; India
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      Hussam, Reshmaan N. "Sex Selection and the Indian Marriage Market." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-029, September 2017. (Revised October 2020.)
      • August 2017 (Revised December 2017)
      • Case

      Accounting for Nuclear Power Provisions at RWE

      By: Paul Healy and Jonas Heese
      In early 2016, RWE, a utility that operates nuclear power plants in Germany, came under scrutiny from regulators and the media over the adequacy of its provisions for costs of decommissioning and dismantling (D&D) its nuclear power plants. Accounting standards required... View Details
      Keywords: Liabilities; Provisions For Long-term Obligations; Discounting; Accounting; Energy Generation; Energy Industry; Germany
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      Healy, Paul, and Jonas Heese. "Accounting for Nuclear Power Provisions at RWE." Harvard Business School Case 118-013, August 2017. (Revised December 2017.)
      • 2017
      • Article

      Affective, Cognitive and Behavioral Trajectories of Change Recipients in Global Organizations

      By: B. S. Reiche, T. B. Neeley and N. Overmeyer
      Research rarely addresses how change recipients respond to radical change across affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions over time. We examined a radical change in a recently acquired subsidiary of a U.S.-based global organization over a two-year period. With... View Details
      Keywords: Change; Spoken Communication; Globalized Firms and Management; Behavior; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues
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      Reiche, B. S., T. B. Neeley, and N. Overmeyer. "Affective, Cognitive and Behavioral Trajectories of Change Recipients in Global Organizations." Academy of Management Proceedings (2017). (Proceedings of the 77th Annual Meeting (2017), edited by Guclu Atinc. Online ISSN: 2151-6561.)
      • June 2017 (Revised October 2017)
      • Case

      Organizing for Performance: Four Vignettes

      By: Robert Simons
      This case provides four examples of organizations with very different business strategies: Walmart, Starbucks, Harvard Business School, and Google. To support their varying strategies, each of these organizations requires a specific configuration to provide the most... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy And Execution; Management Control Systems; Organization; Span Of Control; Job Design; Resource Allocation; Organizational Design; Competitive Strategy; Value Creation
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      Simons, Robert. "Organizing for Performance: Four Vignettes." Harvard Business School Case 117-062, June 2017. (Revised October 2017.)
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections

      By: Maria Ibanez and Michael W. Toffel
      Many production processes are subject to inspection to ensure they meet quality, safety, and environmental standards imposed by companies and regulators. Inspection accuracy is critical to inspections being a useful input to assessing risks, allocating quality... View Details
      Keywords: Assessment; Bias; Inspection; Scheduling; Econometric Analysis; Empirical Research; Regulation; Health; Food; Safety; Quality; Performance Consistency; Performance Evaluation; Food and Beverage Industry; Service Industry
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      Ibanez, Maria, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-090, April 2017. (Revised October 2018. Formerly titled "Assessing the Quality of Quality Assessment: The Role of Scheduling". Featured in Forbes, Food Safety Magazine, and Food Safety News.)
      • 2017
      • Case

      Uncommon Schools (A): A Network of Networks

      By: John J-H Kim and Sarah McAra
      In 2013, Brett Peiser, CEO of the charter school management organization (CMO) Uncommon Schools, is reassessing the nonprofit’s strategy. For nearly 10 years, Uncommon had fulfilled its mission to bring high-quality education to students in low-income, urban areas... View Details
      Keywords: Charter Schools; Nonprofit Organizations; Teaching; Talent Management; Innovation; Organization Structure; Education; Early Childhood Education; Middle School Education; Organizational Structure; Performance Consistency; Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Education Industry
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      Kim, John J-H, and Sarah McAra. "Uncommon Schools (A): A Network of Networks." Harvard Business Publishing Case, 2017. (Case No. PEL-079.)
      • 2017
      • Supplement

      Uncommon Schools (B): Seeking Excellence at Scale through Standardized Practice

      By: John J-H Kim and Sarah McAra
      The (B) case provides an update to the (A) case by illustrating how charter school management organization Uncommon Schools responded to the disparity in its students’ 2013 standardized test results. In 2015, CEO Brett Peiser and his management team decided to align... View Details
      Keywords: Charter Schools; Nonprofit Organizations; Strategy; Teaching; Talent And Talent Management; Innovation; Education; Early Childhood Education; Middle School Education; Organizational Structure; Performance Consistency; Growth and Development Strategy; Innovation and Invention; Education Industry
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      Kim, John J-H, and Sarah McAra. "Uncommon Schools (B): Seeking Excellence at Scale through Standardized Practice." Harvard Business Publishing Supplement, 2017. (Case No. PEL-080.)
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Why and How Investors Use ESG Information: Evidence from a Global Survey

      By: Georgios Serafeim
      Using survey data from a sample of senior investment professionals from mainstream (i.e., not SRI funds) investment organizations, we provide insights into why and how investors use reported environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information. The primary reason... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Management; Sustainability; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Investment Fund; Investment Strategy; Corporate Accountability; Activist Shareholder; Engagement; Environment; Climate Change; Customers; Customer Satisfaction; Employee Engagement; Global Warming; Investment; Decision Making; Environmental Sustainability; Performance Expectations
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      Serafeim, Georgios. "Why and How Investors Use ESG Information: Evidence from a Global Survey." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-079, February 2017.
      • Article

      No Unique Effect of Intergroup Competition on Cooperation: Non-competitive Thresholds Are as Effective as Competitions between Groups for Increasing Human Cooperative Behavior

      By: Matthew R. Jordan, Jillian J. Jordan and David G. Rand
      Explaining cooperation remains a central topic for evolutionary theorists. Many have argued that group selection provides such an explanation: theoretical models show that intergroup competition could have given rise to cooperation that is costly for the individual.... View Details
      Keywords: Intergroup Competition; Threshold Public Goods Game; Multi-level Selection; Cooperation; Groups and Teams; Competition
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      Jordan, Matthew R., Jillian J. Jordan, and David G. Rand. "No Unique Effect of Intergroup Competition on Cooperation: Non-competitive Thresholds Are as Effective as Competitions between Groups for Increasing Human Cooperative Behavior." Evolution and Human Behavior 38, no. 1 (January 2017): 102–108.
      • December 2016
      • Article

      Health Care Needs Real Competition

      By: Leemore S. Dafny and Thomas H. Lee
      The U.S. health care system is inefficient, unreliable, and crushingly expensive. There is no shortage of proposed solutions, but central to the best of them is the idea that health care needs more competition. In other sectors, competition improves quality and... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry; United States
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      Dafny, Leemore S., and Thomas H. Lee. "Health Care Needs Real Competition." Harvard Business Review 94, no. 12 (December 2016): 76–87.
      • December 2016
      • Article

      Selective Regulator Decoupling and Organizations' Strategic Responses

      By: Jonas Heese, Ranjani Krishnan and Frank Moers
      Organizations often respond to institutional pressures by symbolically adopting policies and procedures but decoupling them from actual practice. Literature has examined why organizations decouple from regulatory pressures. In this study, we argue that decoupling... View Details
      Keywords: Regulator Leniency; Beneficence; Mispricing; Upcoding; Nonprofit Organizations; Health Care and Treatment; Revenue; Health Industry
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      Heese, Jonas, Ranjani Krishnan, and Frank Moers. "Selective Regulator Decoupling and Organizations' Strategic Responses." Academy of Management Journal 59, no. 6 (December 2016). (Selected for Best Paper Proceedings of the 2015 Academy of Management Annual Meeting. Winner of the Healthcare Management Division of the Academy of Management 2015 Best Paper Award.)
      • December 2016
      • Article

      The Effects of Endowment Size and Strategy Method on Third Party Punishment

      By: Jillian J. Jordan, Katherine McAuliffe and David G. Rand
      Numerous experiments have shown that people often engage in third-party punishment (3PP) of selfish behavior. This evidence has been used to argue that people respond to selfishness with anger, and get utility from punishing those who mistreat others. Elements of the... View Details
      Keywords: Third-party Punishment; Norm-enforcement; Strategy Method; Economic Games; Cooperation; Emotions; Fairness
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      Jordan, Jillian J., Katherine McAuliffe, and David G. Rand. "The Effects of Endowment Size and Strategy Method on Third Party Punishment." Experimental Economics 19, no. 4 (December 2016): 741–763.
      • 18 Nov 2016
      • Conference Presentation

      Rawlsian Fairness for Machine Learning

      By: Matthew Joseph, Michael J. Kearns, Jamie Morgenstern, Seth Neel and Aaron Leon Roth
      Motivated by concerns that automated decision-making procedures can unintentionally lead to discriminatory behavior, we study a technical definition of fairness modeled after John Rawls' notion of "fair equality of opportunity". In the context of a simple model of... View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Algorithms; Fairness; Decision Making; Mathematical Methods
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      Joseph, Matthew, Michael J. Kearns, Jamie Morgenstern, Seth Neel, and Aaron Leon Roth. "Rawlsian Fairness for Machine Learning." Paper presented at the 3rd Workshop on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency in Machine Learning, Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD), November 18, 2016.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Collusion in Markets with Syndication

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Kominers and Richard Lowery
      Markets for IPOs and debt issuances are syndicated, in the sense that a bidder who wins a contract may invite losing bidders to join a syndicate that together fulfills the contract. We show that in markets with syndication, standard intuitions from... View Details
      Keywords: Collusion; Antitrust; IPO Underwriting; Syndication; "Repeated Games"
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Kominers, and Richard Lowery. "Collusion in Markets with Syndication." Working Paper, November 2016.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Patent Disclosures and Standard-Setting

      By: Josh Lerner, Haris Tabakovic and Jean Tirole
      A key role of standard setting organizations (SSOs) is to aggregate information on relevant intellectual property (IP) claims before deciding on a standard. This article explores the firms’ strategies in response to IP disclosure requirements—in particular, the choice... View Details
      Keywords: Patents; Corporate Disclosure; Standards
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      Lerner, Josh, Haris Tabakovic, and Jean Tirole. "Patent Disclosures and Standard-Setting." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-030, October 2016.
      • 2017
      • Article

      The Impact of Training Informal Healthcare Providers in India: A Randomized Controlled Trial

      By: Jishnu Das, Abhijit Chowdhury, Reshmaan Hussam and Abhijit Banerjee
      Health care providers without formal medical qualifications provide more than 70% of all primary care in rural India. Training these informal providers may be one way to improve the quality of care where few alternatives exist. We report on a randomized controlled... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; India; Business Training; RCT; Health Care and Treatment; Training; Performance Evaluation; Performance Improvement; India
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      Das, Jishnu, Abhijit Chowdhury, Reshmaan Hussam, and Abhijit Banerjee. "The Impact of Training Informal Healthcare Providers in India: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Science 354, no. 6308 (October 7, 2016): 80.
      • September 2016
      • Case

      Health Leads: Reaching for Impact (A)

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Sarah Appleby
      Explores strategies to achieve system-level impact for a nonprofit focused on addressing patients' basic social needs through healthcare institutions. Founded in 1996 with a volunteer-staffed help desk at Boston Medical Center connecting low-income patients with basic... View Details
      Keywords: Scaling Social Impact; Nonprofit; Healthcare; Health Care Outcomes; Health Care Reform; Health Care Delivery; Scaling Social Enterprise; Social Enterprise; Health; Nonprofit Organizations; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry; United States
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Sarah Appleby. "Health Leads: Reaching for Impact (A)." Harvard Business School Case 517-022, September 2016.
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