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      Product And Process DevelopmentRemove Product And Process Development →

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      • September 1988 (Revised September 1994)
      • Background Note

      Note on Process Analysis (Abridged)

      By: Roy D. Shapiro
      Provides an introductory note to production processes and the use of flow diagrams. View Details
      Keywords: Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Management Practices and Processes; Production
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      Shapiro, Roy D. "Note on Process Analysis (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Background Note 689-032, September 1988. (Revised September 1994.)
      • August 1988 (Revised February 1992)
      • Case

      Norton Group PLC: To Be or Not to Be in the Motorcycle Business (A)

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Jon Skofic
      Norton, a once famous motorcycle manufacturer, soundly beaten by Japanese competition, turns its attention to developing rotary engines. The company is acquired by Norton Group PLC, which is headed by a dashing entrepreneur. The new management must decide what... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Decision Choices and Conditions; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Human Resources; Crisis Management; Resource Allocation; Production; Competition; Auto Industry; Motorcycle Industry; Japan; United Kingdom
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Jon Skofic. "Norton Group PLC: To Be or Not to Be in the Motorcycle Business (A)." Harvard Business School Case 589-013, August 1988. (Revised February 1992.)
      • July 1988 (Revised July 1990)
      • Case

      Xerox Corp.: Information Technology Support of Product Development

      By: James I. Cash Jr. and Donna B. Stoddard
      Keywords: Product Development; Information Technology
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      Cash, James I., Jr., and Donna B. Stoddard. "Xerox Corp.: Information Technology Support of Product Development." Harvard Business School Case 189-022, July 1988. (Revised July 1990.)
      • Article

      Beyond the Reach of the Invisible Hand: Impediments to Economic Activity, Market Failures, and Profitability

      By: Dennis Yao
      In this paper it is argued that failures of the competitive market are necessary conditions for supranormal profitability. Three fundamental causes of these market failures-production economies and sunk costs, transactions costs, and imperfect information-are developed... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Markets; Failure; Profit; Cost; Information; Market Transactions; Competition; Strategy; Production
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      Yao, Dennis. "Beyond the Reach of the Invisible Hand: Impediments to Economic Activity, Market Failures, and Profitability." Strategic Management Journal 9 (Summer 1988): 59–70. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
      • May 1988 (Revised June 2023)
      • Case

      National Cranberry Cooperative, 1996

      By: Roy D. Shapiro
      Describes the continuous flow process used to process cranberries into juice and/or sauce. Requires student to analyze process flows to determine where the bottlenecks are and to decide how, and whether, to expand capacity. Original version written by J.G. Miller and... View Details
      Keywords: Logistics; Performance Capacity; Performance Improvement; Supply Chain; Mathematical Methods; Cost vs Benefits; Production
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      Shapiro, Roy D. "National Cranberry Cooperative, 1996." Harvard Business School Case 688-122, May 1988. (Revised June 2023.)
      • May 1988 (Revised March 1990)
      • Case

      Matsushita Electric Industrial (MEI) in 1987

      By: Christopher A. Bartlett and Sumantra Ghoshal
      Describes the development of Matsushita's international operations and the building of its dominant competitive position in the consumer electronics industry. Picks up the major challenges facing the company in 1987 as both its product focus and geographic posture are... View Details
      Keywords: Global Strategy; Goods and Commodities; Product Positioning; Problems and Challenges; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Value; Electronics Industry
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      Bartlett, Christopher A., and Sumantra Ghoshal. "Matsushita Electric Industrial (MEI) in 1987." Harvard Business School Case 388-144, May 1988. (Revised March 1990.)
      • January 1988 (Revised January 2007)
      • Background Note

      Leading Change

      By: Michael Beer
      Presents a conceptual framework for understanding the process of leading organizational change. Change leaders must create dissatisfaction with the status quo, develop a vision of the future state, and manage a process that sequences and orchestrates events and changes... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Change Management; Leading Change
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      Beer, Michael. "Leading Change." Harvard Business School Background Note 488-037, January 1988. (Revised January 2007.)
      • September 1987
      • Case

      Resotech, Inc.

      By: Kim B. Clark
      Keywords: Product Development; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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      Clark, Kim B. "Resotech, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 688-017, September 1987.
      • July 1987
      • Case

      Altoona Corp.: Computer Products Division

      By: Roger E. Bohn and Robert H. Hayes
      A relatively small manufacturer of computer memory disks has achieved a major market position through the use of its statistical quality control (SQC) program. It is now expanding the production of a new line of disks and is encountering problems getting the process... View Details
      Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Volatility; Performance Consistency; Performance Improvement; Performance Productivity; Quality; Mathematical Methods; Hardware; Manufacturing Industry
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      Bohn, Roger E., and Robert H. Hayes. "Altoona Corp.: Computer Products Division." Harvard Business School Case 688-010, July 1987.
      • July 1987 (Revised May 1993)
      • Case

      Atlas Copco (A): Gaining and Building Distribution Channels

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan
      Atlas Copco, a Swedish company, holds the highest market share for air compressors worldwide. However, its attempts to enter U.S. markets have been unsuccessful. The case describes a series of strategic distribution maneuvers implemented by the company which enable it... View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development; Marketing Channels; Market Entry and Exit; Market Participation; Distribution Channels; Failure; Industrial Products Industry; Sweden; United States
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi. "Atlas Copco (A): Gaining and Building Distribution Channels." Harvard Business School Case 588-004, July 1987. (Revised May 1993.)
      • June 1987 (Revised May 1990)
      • Case

      John Deere Component Works (B)

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      Having installed an activity-based system, the division is now exploring the insight provided by that system. In particular, it is studying the economics of lot-size process planning and product mix management. View Details
      Keywords: Activity Based Costing and Management; Production; Business or Company Management; Planning; Cost Accounting; Cost Management; Product Marketing; Management Practices and Processes; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "John Deere Component Works (B)." Harvard Business School Case 187-108, June 1987. (Revised May 1990.)
      • June 1987 (Revised August 1988)
      • Case

      American Bank

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      American Bank is developing a new system to compute product costs. The deregulated, more competitive environment for commercial banks has created both problems and opportunities for banking operations. In order to price existing products and assess the desirability of... View Details
      Keywords: System; Consolidation; Commercial Banking; SWOT Analysis; Fair Value Accounting; Cost Management; Price; Banking Industry; North and Central America; United States
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "American Bank." Harvard Business School Case 187-194, June 1987. (Revised August 1988.)
      • May 1987 (Revised November 1998)
      • Case

      John Deere Component Works (A)

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      The division has recognized the inadequacies of its existing, traditional cost system for estimating product costs. Describes the innovative activity-based system that was developed to more accurately trace overhead costs to individual products. Provides students with... View Details
      Keywords: Activity Based Costing and Management; Cost Accounting; Cost Management; Cost vs Benefits; Production; Budgets and Budgeting; Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Consumer Products Industry
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "John Deere Component Works (A)." Harvard Business School Case 187-107, May 1987. (Revised November 1998.)
      • spring 1987
      • Article

      Second-Sourcing and the Experience Curve: Price Competition in Defense Procurement

      By: James J. Anton and Dennis A. Yao
      We examine a dynamic model of price competition in defense procurement that incorporates the experience curve, asymmetric cost information, and the availability of a higher cost alternative system. We model acquisition as a two-stage process in which initial production... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Government and Politics; Price; Competition; Mathematical Methods
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      Anton, James J., and Dennis A. Yao. "Second-Sourcing and the Experience Curve: Price Competition in Defense Procurement." RAND Journal of Economics 18, no. 1 (spring 1987): 57–76. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
      • March 1987 (Revised March 1989)
      • Case

      Inland Steel Co. Product Policy (I): The Strategic Planning Process and the Capital Budget--Fall 1986

      By: Benson P. Shapiro and Lawrence B. Levine
      Keywords: Capital Budgeting; Strategic Planning; Steel Industry
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      Shapiro, Benson P., and Lawrence B. Levine. "Inland Steel Co. Product Policy (I): The Strategic Planning Process and the Capital Budget--Fall 1986." Harvard Business School Case 587-142, March 1987. (Revised March 1989.)
      • December 1986 (Revised November 1989)
      • Case

      Hewlett-Packard: Manufacturing Productivity Division (A)

      By: Benson P. Shapiro and Lawrence B. Levine
      In late summer 1986, the management of the Manufacturing Productivity Division (MPD) of Hewlett-Packard (HP) was in the process of making major market selection and product policy decisions. MPD is a small division which develops and markets manufacturing productivity... View Details
      Keywords: Business Divisions; Marketing; Product Marketing; Market Entry and Exit; Production; Research and Development; Manufacturing Industry
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      Shapiro, Benson P., and Lawrence B. Levine. "Hewlett-Packard: Manufacturing Productivity Division (A)." Harvard Business School Case 587-101, December 1986. (Revised November 1989.)
      • December 1986 (Revised January 1988)
      • Case

      Hewlett-Packard: Manufacturing Productivity Division (C)

      By: Benson P. Shapiro and Lawrence B. Levine
      Focuses on the development of a "market driven" culture at Hewlett-Packard (HP); the conflict between autonomous, well integrated divisions making products responsive to their own markets and a greater degree of systems integration at the corporate level; and the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Divisions; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Production; Organizational Culture; Research and Development; Sales; Integration; Manufacturing Industry
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      Shapiro, Benson P., and Lawrence B. Levine. "Hewlett-Packard: Manufacturing Productivity Division (C)." Harvard Business School Case 587-103, December 1986. (Revised January 1988.)
      • September 1986 (Revised February 2007)
      • Case

      Solagen: Process Improvement in the Manufacture of Gelatin at Kodak

      By: Dorothy A. Leonard and Brian DeLacey
      Kodak must decide whether to make a major investment in a production facility designed around a new technique for producing the gelatin critical to so many film and paper products. Currently, gelatin making is an arcane art, unchanged in 150 years and heavily dependent... View Details
      Keywords: Arts; Buildings and Facilities; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Experience and Expertise; Engineering; Investment; Time Management; Production; Research and Development; Semiconductor Industry
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      Leonard, Dorothy A., and Brian DeLacey. "Solagen: Process Improvement in the Manufacture of Gelatin at Kodak." Harvard Business School Case 687-020, September 1986. (Revised February 2007.)
      • 1986
      • Chapter

      Marketing Advanced Manufacturing Processes

      By: D. A. Leonard-Barton and J. Gogan
      Keywords: Marketing; Production; Technological Innovation; Manufacturing Industry; Technology Industry
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      Leonard-Barton, D. A., and J. Gogan. "Marketing Advanced Manufacturing Processes." In Implementing Advanced Technology, edited by D. Davis. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1986.
      • July 1986 (Revised April 1989)
      • Background Note

      Note on Sources of Comparative Advantage

      By: David B. Yoffie and John J. Coleman
      After Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin's propositions about the sources of comparative advantage were empirically challenged by Wassily Leontief, scholars set out to explain the "Leontief paradox" by developing alternative theories on the sources of comparative... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Advantage
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      Yoffie, David B., and John J. Coleman. "Note on Sources of Comparative Advantage." Harvard Business School Background Note 387-024, July 1986. (Revised April 1989.)
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