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- All HBS Web
(1,867)
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- Research (1,222)
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- Multimedia (13)
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- 04 Jan 2016
- Working Paper Summaries
Understanding Conformity: An Experimental Investigation
Keywords: by B. Douglas Bernheim & Christine Exley
- 17 Jan 2008
- Research & Ideas
If Marketing Experts Ran Elections
Editor's Note: Harvard Business School professor John Quelch writes a blog on marketing issues, called Marketing Know: How, for Harvard Business Online. It is reprinted on HBS Working Knowledge.For all the coverage of the Presidential primaries, only half of eligible... View Details
Keywords: by John A. Quelch
- July 2017 (Revised July 2024)
- Course Overview Note
Public Entrepreneurship
By: Mitchell Weiss
This course is rooted in the belief that there is a large opportunity for creating value and solving large public problems if there are more inventors and builders inside government and more inventors and builders outside government, building for it. The course was... View Details
Keywords: Public Entrepreneurship; Innovation; Public Sector; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Leadership; Government Administration; Business and Government Relations
Weiss, Mitchell. "Public Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 818-006, July 2017. (Revised July 2024.)
- Teaching Interest
Organizational Behavior
Each of us maintains a set of beliefs and general assumptions about humans and their behavior, and those assumptions form the foundation for our beliefs about what motivates individuals; about how individuals make decisions; and about the ways in which the... View Details
- 2019
- Article
When Gender Diversity Makes Firms More Productive
By: Stephen Turban, Dan Wu and Letian Zhang
Does diversity make a company more productive? Many say yes—some researchers argue that gender diversity leads to more innovative thinking and signals to investors that a company is competently run. Others say no—conflicting research indicates that gender diversity can... View Details
Turban, Stephen, Dan Wu, and Letian Zhang. "When Gender Diversity Makes Firms More Productive." Harvard Business Review (website) (February 11, 2019).
- October 2001 (Revised March 2002)
- Background Note
Implicit Predictors of Consumer Behavior
By: Gerald Zaltman, Nancy Puccinelli, Kathryn A. Braun and Fred W Mast PHD
An important distinction is drawn in psychology between explicit and implicit knowledge. Explicit knowledge refers to consciously held beliefs about an individual or object that often draws on the remembering of experiences in the past. In contrast, implicit knowledge... View Details
Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Values and Beliefs; Knowledge Sharing; Consumer Behavior; Opportunities; Cognition and Thinking
Zaltman, Gerald, Nancy Puccinelli, Kathryn A. Braun, and Fred W Mast PHD. "Implicit Predictors of Consumer Behavior." Harvard Business School Background Note 502-043, October 2001. (Revised March 2002.)
- Article
Gender, Social Class, and Women's Employment
By: Kathleen L. McGinn and Eunsil Oh
People in low-power positions, whether due to gender or class, tend to exhibit other-oriented rather than self-oriented behavior. Women’s experiences at work and at home are shaped by social class, heightening identification with gender for relatively upper class women... View Details
McGinn, Kathleen L., and Eunsil Oh. "Gender, Social Class, and Women's Employment." Special Issue on Inequality and Social Class. Current Opinion in Psychology 18 (December 2017): 84–88.
- 2022
- Working Paper
The Gender Minority Gaps in Confidence and Self-Evaluations
By: Billur Aksoy, Christine L. Exley and Judd B. Kessler
An increasing share of the population identifies as something other than male or female. Yet, we know very little about the economic preferences and beliefs of gender minorities. In this paper, we document a “gender minority gap” in confidence and in self-evaluations.... View Details
Aksoy, Billur, Christine L. Exley, and Judd B. Kessler. "The Gender Minority Gaps in Confidence and Self-Evaluations." Working Paper, October 2022.
- February 2024
- Article
Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials
By: Marcella Alsan, Maya Durvasula, Harsh Gupta, Joshua Schwartzstein and Heidi L. Williams
This article examines the consequences and causes of low enrollment of Black patients in clinical
trials. We develop a simple model of similarity-based extrapolation that predicts that evidence is
more relevant for decision-making by physicians and patients when it... View Details
Keywords: Representation; Racial Disparity; Health Testing and Trials; Race; Equality and Inequality; Innovation and Invention; Pharmaceutical Industry
Alsan, Marcella, Maya Durvasula, Harsh Gupta, Joshua Schwartzstein, and Heidi L. Williams. "Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials." Quarterly Journal of Economics 139, no. 1 (February 2024): 575–635.
- March 2016 (Revised April 2019)
- Technical Note
ESG Metrics: Reshaping Capitalism?
By: George Serafeim
In the past twenty-five years, the world had seen an exponential growth in the number of companies reporting environmental, social and governance (ESG) data. Investor interest in ESG data also grew rapidly. A growing belief that increasing levels of social inequality... View Details
Keywords: Capitalism; Sustainability; Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility; Responsibilities To Society; Environment; Social Impact Investment; ESG; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Measurement and Metrics; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Corporate Accountability; Accounting; Economic Systems
Serafeim, George, and Jody Grewal. "ESG Metrics: Reshaping Capitalism?" Harvard Business School Technical Note 116-037, March 2016. (Revised April 2019.)
- 27 Sep 2006
- Working Paper Summaries
How Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Economic Growth? Exploring the Effects of Financial Markets on Linkages
- 2025
- Working Paper
Why Most Resist AI Companions
By: Julian De Freitas, Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp and Stefano Puntoni
AI companion applications—designed to serve as synthetic interaction partners—have recently
become capable enough to reduce loneliness, a growing public health concern. However,
behavioral research has yet to fully explain the barriers to adoption of such AI and... View Details
Keywords: Generative Ai; Chatbots; Artificial Intelligence; Algorithmic Aversion; Lonelines; Technology Adoption; AI and Machine Learning; Well-being; Emotions
De Freitas, Julian, Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, and Stefano Puntoni. "Why Most Resist AI Companions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-030, December 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
- 2007
- Working Paper
Testing Limits to Policy Reversal: Evidence from Indian Privatizations
By: Siddhartha G. Dastidar, Raymond Fisman and Tarun Khanna
We examine the effect of regime change on privatization using the 2004 election surprise in India. The pro-reform BJP was unexpectedly defeated by a less reformist coalition. Stock prices of government-controlled companies that had been slated for definite... View Details
Dastidar, Siddhartha G., Raymond Fisman, and Tarun Khanna. "Testing Limits to Policy Reversal: Evidence from Indian Privatizations." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 13427, September 2007.
- February 2024 (Revised May 2024)
- Case
Lina Khan at the FTC: Redefining Antitrust in the Age of Big Tech
By: Joseph L. Badaracco Jr. and Susan Pinckney
In 2023 and 2024, the Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice sued Google, Amazon, and Apple claiming antitrust violations. These lawsuits marked a shift in U.S. antitrust enforcement away from the Chicago School and towards the New Brandeis school of... View Details
Keywords: Transition; Government Administration; Lawsuits and Litigation; Monopoly; Technology Industry; United States; European Union; China; India
Badaracco, Joseph L., Jr., and Susan Pinckney. "Lina Khan at the FTC: Redefining Antitrust in the Age of Big Tech." Harvard Business School Case 324-018, February 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
- August 2006
- Article
Global Integration ≠ Global Concentration
There is a widespread belief that increases in the cross-border integration of markets are associated with increases in global concentration along various dimensions. This article reviews the available evidence and presents new data, indicating that increasing global... View Details
Keywords: Globalized Markets and Industries
Ghemawat, Pankaj, and Fariborz Ghadar. "Global Integration ≠ Global Concentration." Industrial and Corporate Change 15, no. 4 (August 2006): 595–623.
- 2017
- Working Paper
Voter Mobilization and Trust in Electoral Institutions: Evidence from Kenya
By: Benjamin Marx, Vincent Pons and Tavneet Suri
Voter mobilization campaigns face trade-offs in young democracies. In a large-scale experiment implemented in 2013 with the Kenyan Electoral Commission (IEBC), text messages intended to mobilize voters boosted participation but also decreased trust in electoral... View Details
Keywords: Political Participation; Electoral Institutions; Field Experiment; Voting; Political Elections; Behavior; Trust; Kenya
Marx, Benjamin, Vincent Pons, and Tavneet Suri. "Voter Mobilization and Trust in Electoral Institutions: Evidence from Kenya." Working Paper. (Economic Journal 131, no. 638 (August 2021): 2585-2612.)
- September 2021
- Article
Diagnostic Bubbles
By: Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli, Spencer Yongwook Kwon and Andrei Shleifer
We introduce diagnostic expectations into a standard setting of price formation in which investors learn about the fundamental value of an asset and trade it. We study the interaction of diagnostic expectations with two well-known mechanisms: learning from prices and... View Details
Bordalo, Pedro, Nicola Gennaioli, Spencer Yongwook Kwon, and Andrei Shleifer. "Diagnostic Bubbles." Journal of Financial Economics 141, no. 3 (September 2021).
- 2024
- Working Paper
Content Moderation with Opaque Policies
By: Scott Duke Kominers and Jesse M. Shapiro
A sender sends a signal about a state to a receiver who takes an action that determines a payoff. A moderator can block some or all of the sender's signal before it reaches the receiver. When the moderator's policy is transparent to the receiver, the moderator can... View Details
Kominers, Scott Duke, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Content Moderation with Opaque Policies." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32156, February 2024.
- January 2021
- Article
Using Models to Persuade
By: Joshua Schwartzstein and Adi Sunderam
We present a framework where "model persuaders" influence receivers’ beliefs by proposing models that organize past data to make predictions. Receivers are assumed to find models more compelling when they better explain the data, fixing receivers’ prior beliefs. Model... View Details
Keywords: Model Persuasion; Analytics and Data Science; Forecasting and Prediction; Mathematical Methods; Framework
Schwartzstein, Joshua, and Adi Sunderam. "Using Models to Persuade." American Economic Review 111, no. 1 (January 2021): 276–323.
- Article
Why Am I Seeing This Ad? The Effect of Ad Transparency on Ad Effectiveness
By: Tami Kim, Kate Barasz and Leslie K. John
Given the increasingly specific ways marketers can target ads, many consumers and regulators are demanding ad transparency: disclosure of how consumers’ personal information was used to generate ads. We investigate how and why ad transparency impacts ad effectiveness.... View Details
Keywords: Digital Marketing; Customization and Personalization; Information; Trust; Performance Effectiveness
Kim, Tami, Kate Barasz, and Leslie K. John. "Why Am I Seeing This Ad? The Effect of Ad Transparency on Ad Effectiveness." Journal of Consumer Research 45, no. 5 (February 2019): 906–932.