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  • All HBS Web  (2,689)
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  • March 2010 (Revised February 2013)
  • Case

Baltic Beverages Holding: Competing in a Globalizing World (A)

By: Juan Alcacer, Rasmus Karl Gustaf Molander and Rakeen Mabud
The Finnish brewer Hartwall and the Swedish brewer Pripps had to decide how to react to the rapidly changing European political, economic, and business environment in 1989–1990. View Details
Keywords: Economics; Globalized Economies and Regions; Government and Politics; Competition; Corporate Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Finland; Sweden
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Alcacer, Juan, Rasmus Karl Gustaf Molander, and Rakeen Mabud. "Baltic Beverages Holding: Competing in a Globalizing World (A)." Harvard Business School Case 710-430, March 2010. (Revised February 2013.)
  • 02 Sep 2019
  • What Do You Think?

Are Overlooked Forces Shielding the US from Severe Economic Downturns?

peterhowell Summing Up: Is the Current US Economic Expansion Primarily in the Hands of the Fed? New applications of technology and the expansion of the service economy may contribute to prolonged economic... View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett; Service
  • November 2021 (Revised January 2024)
  • Case

The Global Great Depression, 1929-1939

By: Alberto Cavallo, Sophus A. Reinert and Federica Gabrieli
The Great Depression was, by far, the worst economic contraction of the twentieth century, and some of the most important ideas about both fiscal and monetary policy in the second half of the century were developed in response to it. The economic collapse, which... View Details
Keywords: Great Depression; Economic Conditions; Unemployment; Homelessness; Financial Crisis; History; Economy; Policy; Poverty; Social Issues; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation
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Cavallo, Alberto, Sophus A. Reinert, and Federica Gabrieli. "The Global Great Depression, 1929-1939." Harvard Business School Case 722-034, November 2021. (Revised January 2024.)
  • 2017
  • Working Paper

The Rise of American Ingenuity: Innovation and Inventors of the Golden Age

By: Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby and Tom Nicholas
We examine the golden age of U.S. innovation by undertaking a major data collection exercise linking inventors from historical U.S. patents to Federal Censuses between 1880 and 1940 and to regional economic aggregates. We provide a theoretical framework to motivate the... View Details
Keywords: Economic Development; Patents; Economic Growth; Innovation and Invention; Demographics
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Akcigit, Ufuk, John Grigsby, and Tom Nicholas. "The Rise of American Ingenuity: Innovation and Inventors of the Golden Age." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-063, January 2017. (Revised June 2017.)
  • 11 Jan 2000
  • Lessons from the Classroom

New Game, New Rules: Developing Managers for a Competitive World

industries amid varying social, political, and economic forces. And finally, we look inside the company itself, examining what organizations must do to remain competitive in world markets—what capabilities... View Details
Keywords: by Staff
  • 2011
  • Working Paper

From Social Control to Financial Economics: The Linked Ecologies of Economics and Business in Twentieth Century America

By: Marion Fourcade and Rakesh Khurana
As the main producers of managerial elites, business schools represent strategic research sites for understanding the formation of economic practices and representations. This article draws on historical material to analyze the changing place of economics in American... View Details
Keywords: Economics; Practice; Business Education; Labor and Management Relations; Decision Making; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Change; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Finance; Knowledge; Production; Business Conglomerates; Education Industry; United States
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Fourcade, Marion, and Rakesh Khurana. "From Social Control to Financial Economics: The Linked Ecologies of Economics and Business in Twentieth Century America." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-071, January 2011.
  • 05 Nov 2021
  • Op-Ed

Is the Business World Finally Ready for the Wisdom of Shibusawa?

Eiichi Shibusawa continues to gain influence in Japan—even though he died almost a century ago. Japan’s government announced earlier this year that the 19th century business leader would be the face on 10,000 yen ($90) bank notes—the highest value denomination in... View Details
Keywords: by Geoffrey Jones and Rei Morimoto; Financial Services; Retail
  • April 2020 (Revised August 2021)
  • Case

Singapore: 'Facing Challenges Together'

By: Richard H.K. Vietor
Since its expulsion from Malaysia in 1965, Singapore had transformed itself from a third world island nation into a vibrant city-state with one of the highest levels of GDP per capita in the world. However, sluggish demand among Singapore's major trade partners began... View Details
Keywords: Savings; Productivity Growth; Productivity; Economic Institutions; Economic Development; Government And Business; Government Policy; Economic Policy; Country Analysis; Investment And Savings; Institutions; Economic Growth; Macroeconomics; Development Economics; Investment; Government and Politics; Trade; Policy; Research and Development; Analysis; Economics; Business and Government Relations; Asia; Singapore; Southeast Asia
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Vietor, Richard H.K. "Singapore: 'Facing Challenges Together'." Harvard Business School Case 720-036, April 2020. (Revised August 2021.)
  • 01 Dec 2004
  • News

Poverty and Security

At the IMF and World Bank Group annual meetings in October, World Bank president James Wolfensohn (MBA ’59) declared that along with its fight against terror, the global community must also address the... View Details
Keywords: IMF and World Bank Group; Administration of Economic Programs; Administration of Economic Programs
  • 2008
  • Book

The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World

By: Niall Ferguson
Niall Ferguson traces the historical evolution of the financial system, from its origins in ancient Mesopotamia to the latest upheavals on what he calls "Planet Finance." In doing so, he reveals financial history as the essential backstory behind all history, from the... View Details
Keywords: Financial History; Money; Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Investment; Globalization
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Ferguson, Niall. The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World. New York: Penguin Press, 2008.
  • 01 Jun 2000
  • News

World Bank's Wolfensohn Highlights Challenges, Increased Role for Private Sector

World Bank's Wolfensohn Highlights Challenges, Increased Role for Private Sector Describing his organization's mission as one focused on issues of poverty and equity, World Bank president James D. Wolfensohn... View Details
  • September 2011
  • Article

Political Instability: Effects on Financial Development, Roots in the Severity of Economic Inequality

By: Mark J. Roe and Jordan I. Siegel
We here bring forward strong evidence that political instability impedes financial development, with its variation a primary determinant of differences in financial development around the world. As such, it needs to be added to the short list of major determinants of... View Details
Keywords: Financial Development; Political Instability; Government and Politics; Finance; Growth and Development; Economics; Equality and Inequality
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Roe, Mark J., and Jordan I. Siegel. "Political Instability: Effects on Financial Development, Roots in the Severity of Economic Inequality." Journal of Comparative Economics 39, no. 3 (September 2011): 279–309. (We here bring forward strong evidence that political instability impedes financial development, with its variation a primary determinant of differences in financial development around the world. As such, it needs to be added to the short list of major determinants of financial development. First, structural conditions first postulated by Engerman and Sokoloff (2002) as generating long-term inequality are shown here empirically to be exogenous determinants of political instability. Second, that exogenously-determined political instability in turn holds back financial development, even when we control for factors prominent in the last decade's cross-country studies of financial development. The findings indicate that inequality-perpetuating conditions that result in political instability are fundamental roadblocks for international organizations like the World Bank that seek to promote financial development. The evidence here includes country fixed effect regressions and an instrumental model inspired by Engerman and Sokoloff's (2002) work, which to our knowledge has not yet been used in finance and which is consistent with current tests as valid instruments. Four conventional measures of national political instability — Alesina and Perotti's (1996) well-known index of instability, a subsequent index derived from Banks' (2005) work, and two indices of managerial perceptions of nation-by-nation political instability — persistently predict a wide range of national financial development outcomes for recent decades. Political instability's significance is time consistent in cross-sectional regressions back to the 1960's, the period when the key data becomes available, robust in both country fixed-effects and instrumental variable regressions, and consistent across multiple measures of instability and of financial development. Overall, the results indicate the existence of an important channel running from structural inequality to political instability, principally in nondemocratic settings, and then to financial backwardness. The robust significance of that channel extends existing work demonstrating the importance of political economy explanations for financial development and financial backwardness. It should help to better understand which policies will work for financial development, because political instability has causes, cures, and effects quite distinct from those of many of the key institutions most studied in the past decade as explaining financial backwardness.)
  • December 2014
  • Article

Market Competition, Earnings Management, and Persistence in Accounting Profitability Around the World

By: Paul M. Healy, George Serafeim, Suraj Srinivasan and Gwen Yu
We examine how cross-country differences in product, capital, and labor market competition, and earnings management affect mean reversion in accounting return on assets. Using a sample of 48,465 unique firms from 49 countries, we find that accounting returns mean... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Performance; Valuation; Equity Valuation; Persistence; Competitive Advantage; Institutions; Earnings Management; Labor Market; Capital Markets; Competition; Profit; Performance; Supply and Industry; Financial Statements; Government and Politics; Globalized Markets and Industries
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Healy, Paul M., George Serafeim, Suraj Srinivasan, and Gwen Yu. "Market Competition, Earnings Management, and Persistence in Accounting Profitability Around the World." Review of Accounting Studies 19, no. 4 (December 2014): 1281–1308.
  • 2008
  • Working Paper

From Social Control to Financial Economics: The Linked Ecologies of Economics and Business in Twentieth Century America

By: Marion Fourcade and Rakesh Khurana
As the main producers of managerial elites, business schools represent strategic research sites for understanding the formation of economic practices and representations. This article draws on historical material to analyze the changing place of economics in American... View Details
Keywords: Economics; Business Education; Finance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business History; Chicago
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Fourcade, Marion, and Rakesh Khurana. "From Social Control to Financial Economics: The Linked Ecologies of Economics and Business in Twentieth Century America." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-037, September 2008.
  • August 2005
  • Article

To Judge Leviathan: Sovereign Credit Ratings, National Law, and the World Economy

By: Christopher Bruner and Rawi Abdelal
Keywords: Sovereign Finance; Credit; Law; Economy
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Bruner, Christopher, and Rawi Abdelal. "To Judge Leviathan: Sovereign Credit Ratings, National Law, and the World Economy." Journal of Public Policy 25, no. 2 (August 2005): 191–217.
  • 24 Jul 2018
  • Op-Ed

4 Ways Managers Can Exercise Their 'Agency' to Change the World

among graduates aiming for both success in business and beneficial impact on the world around them. They have come to believe that one can either succeed in business or enhance society—by expanding economic... View Details
Keywords: by George Serafeim
  • 24 May 2005 - 27 May 2005
  • Lecture

Why Free Markets Must Be Fair." Keynote speaker. "6th Global Forum on Reinventing Government: Toward Participatory and Transparent Governance

By: Lynn S. Paine
Keywords: Economics; Markets; Fairness
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Paine, Lynn S. Why Free Markets Must Be Fair." Keynote speaker. "6th Global Forum on Reinventing Government: Toward Participatory and Transparent Governance. Lecture at the Global Forum on Reinventing Government, South Korea Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, Seoul, South Korea, May 24–27, 2005.
  • December 2013 (Revised April 2014)
  • Case

Seeding Growth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

By: Ray Goldberg, Carin-Isabel Knoop and Djordjija Petkoski
By 2013, the agricultural sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had long suffered from war, political instability, and dilapidated infrastructure. A country with 75 million inhabitants and the second lowest GDP per capita in the world in 2011, the DRC's... View Details
Keywords: National Agricultural Investment Plan (PNIA); Developing Agriculture; World Bank; Poverty Reduction; Special Economic Zones (SEZs); Small-scale Farmers; Agricultural Business Parks; Agriculture Reform; Agribusiness; Economic Growth; Infrastructure; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Africa; Congo, Democratic Republic of the
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Goldberg, Ray, Carin-Isabel Knoop, and Djordjija Petkoski. "Seeding Growth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Harvard Business School Case 914-401, December 2013. (Revised April 2014.)
  • 06 Aug 2024
  • Op-Ed

What the World Could Learn from America's Immigration Backlash—100 Years Ago

individuals displaced by natural disasters could surge to 1.2 billion by 2050, according to the Institute for Economics and Peace. Beyond the United States and France, the world witnessed the United... View Details
Keywords: by Marco Tabellini
  • 01 Dec 1997
  • News

Making Real Progress in the Middle East: The Bottom-Up, Economic Solution

the Middle East today to capitalize on decades of missed economic and business opportunities. In how many other regions of the world can a company establish a manufacturing base only 150 km from its head... View Details
Keywords: Michael Porter, Yagil Weinberg, and Noreena Hertz
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