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- All HBS Web (1,787)
- Faculty Publications (540)
- March 1982 (Revised January 1990)
- Background Note
Note on Pricing Strategies for Industrial Products
Used as a background reading for a course or course module on pricing, this note describes the several basic parameters relevant for price determination. Provides a conceptual approach to formulating pricing strategy, dealing with such topics as skimming versus... View Details
Corey, E. Raymond. "Note on Pricing Strategies for Industrial Products." Harvard Business School Background Note 582-124, March 1982. (Revised January 1990.)
- September 1995 (Revised March 2023)
- Background Note
Process Fundamentals
By: Ann E. Gray and James Leonard
This note provides an introduction for a course or module covering the basic elements of production or service operations and how processes are managed. Begins by discussing the activities that take place in a "process." Analysis tools such as the process flow diagram... View Details
Gray, Ann E., and James Leonard. "Process Fundamentals." Harvard Business School Background Note 696-023, September 1995. (Revised March 2023.)
- 01 Jun 2012
- News
How a Short-Term Strategy Can Backfire
- October 1997
- Article
Does Competition Kill Corruption?
By: Christopher Bliss and Rafael Di Tella
Corrupt agents (officials or gangsters) exact money from firms. Corruption affects the number of firms in a free-entry equilibrium. The degree of deep competition in the economy increases with lower overhead costs relative to profits and with a tendency toward similar... View Details
Bliss, Christopher, and Rafael Di Tella. "Does Competition Kill Corruption?" Journal of Political Economy 105, no. 5 (October 1997): 1001–1023.
- 2014
- Working Paper
Further Evidence on Consequences of Debt Covenant Violations
By: Yu Gao, Mozaffar N. Khan and Liang Tan
We present new evidence on debt covenant violation (DCV) consequences that have not previously been examined in the literature. In particular, we show that a DCV triggers significant information asymmetry and uncertainty on the part of shareholders and auditors as... View Details
Keywords: Accounting
Gao, Yu, Mozaffar N. Khan, and Liang Tan. "Further Evidence on Consequences of Debt Covenant Violations." Working Paper, July 2014. (Conditionally accepted, Contemporary Accounting Research.)
Why Do Firms Respond to Environmental Regulation the Way That They Do?
A regulator’s ability to incentivize environmental improvement among firms is a vital lever in achieving long-term sustainability. How a firm will respond to such regulation depends, in part, on the expected cost of noncompliance, which is a product of the stated... View Details
- May 2004
- Article
The Case for International Coordination of Electricity Regulation: Evidence from the Measurement of Efficiency in South America
A decade of experience has shown that monitoring the performance of public and private monopolies is the hardest part of electricity sector reform in South America—because operators control most of the information needed for effective regulation. South American... View Details
Keywords: Information; Mathematical Methods; Monopoly; Globalization; Energy Sources; Energy Industry; South America
Ruzzier, Christian Alejandro, A. Estache, and M. Rossi. "The Case for International Coordination of Electricity Regulation: Evidence from the Measurement of Efficiency in South America." Journal of Regulatory Economics 25, no. 3 (May 2004): 271–295.
- 25 Jan 2012
- Research & Ideas
A Few Firms Have Outsized Influence in D.C.
in the twisted web of Washington fundraising and lobbying that can definitively prove dollar x bought result y. Perhaps that's why there has been such little empirical research among economists on the issue. "The whole perspective of how firms influence policy... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding
- June 2007
- Article
Does Employment Protection Reduce Productivity? Evidence from U.S. States
By: David H Autor, William R. Kerr and Adriana D. Kugler
Theory predicts that mandated employment protections may reduce productivity by distorting production choices. Firms facing (non-Coasean) worker dismissal costs will curtail hiring below efficient levels and retain unproductive workers, both of which should affect... View Details
Keywords: Theory; Production; Selection and Staffing; Cost; Employment; Capital; Performance Productivity; United States
Autor, David H., William R. Kerr, and Adriana D. Kugler. "Does Employment Protection Reduce Productivity? Evidence from U.S. States." Economic Journal 117, no. 521 (June 2007): 189–217.
- September 1990 (Revised November 1991)
- Case
Merck & Co., Inc. (B)
In late 1986, Merck revised its performance review and pay practices. The most important change was a shift from an absolute rating system to a forced-distribution system in which managers are forced to adhere to a given distribution of performance ratings. Other major... View Details
Murphy, Kevin J. "Merck & Co., Inc. (B)." Harvard Business School Case 491-006, September 1990. (Revised November 1991.)
- Article
Undermining Value-Based Purchasing — Lessons from the Pharmaceutical Industry
By: Leemore S. Dafny, Christopher Ody and Matt Schmitt
The analogy between value-based purchasing in pharmaceuticals and the new frontier of alternative payment models for health care providers is relatively straightforward. Insurers are increasingly demanding steep discounts from providers in exchange for inclusion in... View Details
Keywords: Drug Copayment Coupons; Prescription Drug Policy; Health Care and Treatment; Insurance; Cost; Policy; Pharmaceutical Industry
Dafny, Leemore S., Christopher Ody, and Matt Schmitt. "Undermining Value-Based Purchasing — Lessons from the Pharmaceutical Industry." New England Journal of Medicine 375, no. 21 (November 24, 2016): 2013–2015.
- September 2010
- Article
Do Inventory and Gross Margin Data Improve Sales Forecasts for U.S. Public Retailers?
By: Saravanan Kesavan, Vishal Gaur and Ananth Raman
Firm-level sales forecasts for retailers can be improved if we incorporate cost of goods sold, inventory, and gross margin (defined here as the ratio of sales to cost of goods sold) as three endogenous variables. We construct a simultaneous equations model, estimated... View Details
Keywords: Sales; Forecasting and Prediction; Distribution; Goods and Commodities; Cost; Public Sector; Profit; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science; Retail Industry; United States
Kesavan, Saravanan, Vishal Gaur, and Ananth Raman. "Do Inventory and Gross Margin Data Improve Sales Forecasts for U.S. Public Retailers?" Management Science 56, no. 9 (September 2010): 1519–1533.
- August 8, 2018
- Article
Hospital-based ACOs Face Challenges in Tracking Performance Indicators
By: Christiana Beveridge, Sofia Warner, Greg Leya and Thomas W. Feeley
Given that accountable care organizations (ACOs) have not achieved the degree of cost reductions and quality improvements initially hoped for, we sought to better understand the underlying reasons for their limited success. Our analysis of American Hospital Association... View Details
Beveridge, Christiana, Sofia Warner, Greg Leya, and Thomas W. Feeley. "Hospital-based ACOs Face Challenges in Tracking Performance Indicators." NEJM Catalyst (August 8, 2018).
- September 1990 (Revised June 1994)
- Case
Catawba Industrial Co.
By: Francis Aguilar
A department general manager has to decide whether or not to add a lightweight compressor to the line, what price to charge, and what volume to produce. The analysis requires maximizing contribution in a situation where one factor is constrained. As such, it takes into... View Details
Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Capital Budgeting; Business Earnings; Cost Accounting; Cost Management; Asset Pricing
Aguilar, Francis. "Catawba Industrial Co." Harvard Business School Case 191-053, September 1990. (Revised June 1994.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Dynamic Pricing, Intertemporal Spillovers, and Efficiency
By: Alexander J. MacKay, Dennis Svartbäck and Anders G. Ekholm
Pricing technology that allows firms to rapidly adjust prices has two potential benefits.
Time-varying prices can respond to high-frequency demand shocks to generate greater revenues,
and they can also be used to smooth out demand to reduce costs. Using data... View Details
MacKay, Alexander J., Dennis Svartbäck, and Anders G. Ekholm. "Dynamic Pricing, Intertemporal Spillovers, and Efficiency." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-007, July 2022. (Revised December 2023.)
- 23 May 2007
- Working Paper Summaries
What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns
- September 2016 (Revised February 2017)
- Case
Angie's List: Ratings Pioneer Turns 20
By: Robert J. Dolan and Ayelet Israeli
In 1995, before people “googled” or “yelped,” Angela Hicks (HBS, 2000) was establishing her Angie’s List as a pioneer in the accumulation and dissemination of consumer rating information. Hicks focused on the home repair and maintenance market and, as she put it,... View Details
Keywords: Pricing; Pricing Strategy; Services; Product Line Management; Growth; Conjoint Analysis; Market Research; Freemium; Growth Strategy; Two Sided Markets; Ecommerce; Platform; Platform Business; Platform Businesses; Platform Strategy; Platforms; Platforms And Ecosystems; Business Model; Internet and the Web; Business Growth and Maturation; Growth and Development Strategy; Price; Strategy; Digital Platforms; E-commerce; Service Industry; United States
Dolan, Robert J., and Ayelet Israeli. "Angie's List: Ratings Pioneer Turns 20." Harvard Business School Case 517-016, September 2016. (Revised February 2017.)
- December 2023
- Article
Association of Hospital System Affiliation with COVID-19 Capacity Burden
By: Zachary Levin, Pinar Karaca-Mandic, Richard J. Boxer and Regina E. Herzlinger
What is the message? The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the highly variable and uncoordinated responses by hospitals. The authors found that while the non-top ten system affiliated hospitals had a larger COVID-19 share index relative to independent hospitals, top-ten system... View Details
Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Resource Allocation; Health Pandemics; Demographics; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry
Levin, Zachary, Pinar Karaca-Mandic, Richard J. Boxer, and Regina E. Herzlinger. "Association of Hospital System Affiliation with COVID-19 Capacity Burden." Health Management, Policy and Innovation 8, no. 3 (December 2023).
- 2019
- Working Paper
The Customer May Not Always Be Right: Customer Compatibility and Service Performance
This paper investigates the impact of customer compatibility – the degree of fit between the needs of customers and the capabilities of the operations serving them – on customer experiences and firm performance. We use a variance decomposition analysis to quantify the... View Details
Keywords: Customer Compatibility; Satisfaction; Profitability; Customer Relationship Management; Service Operations; Customer Satisfaction; Banking Industry; Retail Industry
Buell, Ryan W., Dennis Campbell, and Frances X. Frei. "The Customer May Not Always Be Right: Customer Compatibility and Service Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-091, February 2016. (Revised December 2019.)
- 16 Jan 2013
- News