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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (2,594)
      • Faculty Publications  (582)

      Performance EffectivenessRemove Performance Effectiveness →

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      • 2018
      • Book

      Unlocked: Keys to Improve Your Thinking

      By: Gerald Zaltman
      What’s the best way to change your life? Change how you think, says marketing guru Gerald Zaltman. While most of us are accustomed to self-improvement via physical exercise or dieting, we often overlook our most powerful tool for effecting change: our own thoughts.... View Details
      Keywords: Cognition and Thinking; Performance Improvement
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      Zaltman, Gerald. Unlocked: Keys to Improve Your Thinking. Independently published, 2018.
      • June 2018 (Revised June 2018)
      • Teaching Note

      Blake Sports Apparel and Switch Activewear: Bringing the Executive Team Together

      By: Boris Groysberg, Tricia Gregg and Katherine Connolly Baden
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 417-048. View Details
      Keywords: Management Teams; Groups and Teams; Performance Effectiveness; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Communication; Cooperation; Decision Making; Leadership
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      Groysberg, Boris, Tricia Gregg, and Katherine Connolly Baden. "Blake Sports Apparel and Switch Activewear: Bringing the Executive Team Together." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 418-086, June 2018. (Revised June 2018.)
      • May 2018
      • Exercise

      Data Visualization & Communication Exercise

      By: Srikant M. Datar and Caitlin N. Bowler
      This exercise uses the 1986 Challenger shuttle disaster to explore the relationship between data visualization, effective communication, and decision-making. Students review and analyze excerpts from the 13 charts engineers presented to NASA executives the night before... View Details
      Keywords: Visualization; Data; Analytics and Data Science; Communication; Performance Effectiveness; Decision Making; Analysis
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      Datar, Srikant M., and Caitlin N. Bowler. "Data Visualization & Communication Exercise." Harvard Business School Exercise 118-107, May 2018.
      • May 2018
      • Article

      Effects of an Information Sharing System on Employee Creativity, Engagement, and Performance

      By: Shelley Xin Li and Tatiana Sandino
      Many service organizations rely on information sharing systems to boost employee creativity to meet customer needs. We conducted a field experiment in a retail chain, based on a registered report accepted by Journal of Accounting Research, to test whether an... View Details
      Keywords: Information; Knowledge Sharing; Employees; Creativity; Performance
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      Li, Shelley Xin, and Tatiana Sandino. "Effects of an Information Sharing System on Employee Creativity, Engagement, and Performance." Journal of Accounting Research 56, no. 2 (May 2018): 713–747.
      • Article

      Performance Effects of Setting a High Reference Point for Peer‐Performance Comparison

      By: Henry Eyring and V.G. Narayanan
      We conduct a field experiment, based on a registered report accepted by the Journal of Accounting Research, to test performance effects of setting a high reference point for peer‐performance comparison. Relative to providing the median as a reference point for... View Details
      Keywords: Relative Performance Evaluation; Reference Points; Social Comparison; Field Experiment; Performance; Performance Evaluation; Education
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      Eyring, Henry, and V.G. Narayanan. "Performance Effects of Setting a High Reference Point for Peer‐Performance Comparison." Journal of Accounting Research 56, no. 2 (May 2018): 581–615.
      • May–June 2018
      • Article

      Structure That's Not Stifling: How to Give Your People Essential Direction—Without Shutting Them Down

      By: Ranjay Gulati
      Most leaders view employee freedoms and operational controls as antagonists in a tug-of-war. They tend to focus on regulating workers’ behavior, often putting a damper on commitment, innovation, and performance without realizing it. But freedom and control aren’t zero... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Structure; Mission and Purpose; Framework; Employee Relationship Management; Performance Effectiveness
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      Gulati, Ranjay. "Structure That's Not Stifling: How to Give Your People Essential Direction—Without Shutting Them Down." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 3 (May–June 2018): 68–79.
      • May 2018
      • Article

      The Downside of Downtime: The Prevalence and Work Pacing Consequences of Idle Time at Work

      By: Andrew Brodsky and Teresa M. Amabile
      Although both media commentary and academic research have focused much attention on the dilemma of employees being too busy, this paper presents evidence of the opposite phenomenon, in which employees do not have enough work to fill their time and are left with hours... View Details
      Keywords: Employees; Working Conditions; Performance Consistency; Performance Productivity
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      Brodsky, Andrew, and Teresa M. Amabile. "The Downside of Downtime: The Prevalence and Work Pacing Consequences of Idle Time at Work." Journal of Applied Psychology 103, no. 5 (May 2018): 496–512.
      • May–June 2018
      • Article

      The Surprising Power of Questions

      By: Alison Wood Brooks and Leslie K. John
      Much of an executive’s workday is spent asking others for information—requesting status updates from a team leader, for example, or questioning a counterpart in a tense negotiation. Yet unlike professionals such as litigators, journalists, and doctors, who are taught... View Details
      Keywords: Interpersonal Communication; Communication Strategy; Information; Knowledge Sharing; Performance Effectiveness
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      Brooks, Alison Wood, and Leslie K. John. "The Surprising Power of Questions." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 3 (May–June 2018): 60–67.
      • April 2018
      • Case

      Happy UAE

      By: Joshua Schwartzstein, Brian J. Hall, Tiffany Y. Chang, Karim Sameh and Alpana Thapar
      This case centers on the United Arab Emirates' (UAE) national goal of raising the happiness of its residents and visitors through ambitious government initiatives. They combined this bold national goal with an accountability structure (incentive plan) built on Key... View Details
      Keywords: Happiness; Welfare; Governance; Motivation and Incentives; United Arab Emirates
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      Schwartzstein, Joshua, Brian J. Hall, Tiffany Y. Chang, Karim Sameh, and Alpana Thapar. "Happy UAE." Harvard Business School Case 918-041, April 2018.
      • April 2018
      • Article

      Consumers Avoid Buying from Firms with Higher CEO-to-Worker Pay Ratios

      By: Bhavya Mohan, Tobias Schlager, Rohit Deshpandé and Michael I. Norton
      We document a novel driver of consumer behavior: pay ratio disclosure. Swiss corporation performance data gathered during a legally mandated pay ratio referendum reveals that salient high pay ratios are associated with decreased firm sales (Pilot Study). An... View Details
      Keywords: Pay Ratio; Wage Fairness; Purchase Intention; Customers; Wages; Fairness; Consumer Behavior
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      Mohan, Bhavya, Tobias Schlager, Rohit Deshpandé, and Michael I. Norton. "Consumers Avoid Buying from Firms with Higher CEO-to-Worker Pay Ratios." Special Issue on Marketplace Morality. Journal of Consumer Psychology 28, no. 2 (April 2018): 344–352.
      • Article

      Offline Showrooms in Omni-channel Retail: Demand and Operational Benefits

      By: David R. Bell, Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
      Omnichannel environments where customers shop online and offline at the same retailer are ubiquitous and are deployed by online-first and traditional retailers alike. We focus on the relatively understudied domain of online-first retailers and the engagement of a key... View Details
      Keywords: Experience Attributes; Marketing–operations Interface; Omnichannel Retailing; Quasi-experimental Methods; Retail Operations; Showrooms; Marketing Channels; Demand and Consumers; Performance Efficiency; Retail Industry
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      Bell, David R., Santiago Gallino, and Antonio Moreno. "Offline Showrooms in Omni-channel Retail: Demand and Operational Benefits." Management Science 64, no. 4 (April 2018): 1629–1651. (Winner of the 2014 POMS Applied Research Challenge. Workshop on Information Systems Economics Overall Best Paper Award 2014.)
      • March 2018
      • Article

      Hospital Budget Systems are Holding Back Innovation

      By: Robert S. Kaplan, Michael S. Jellinek and Derek A. Haas
      Nearly 800 digital health startups were funded in 2017, an all-time high. Each of the new companies offers the hope of transforming the performance of the U.S. health care system. The audience for such innovation wants to be receptive: A recent American Hospital... View Details
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      Kaplan, Robert S., Michael S. Jellinek, and Derek A. Haas. "Hospital Budget Systems are Holding Back Innovation." Special Issue on HBR Insight Center: Health Care's New Frontier. Harvard Business Review (website) (March 2018).
      • March 2018
      • Case

      University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center: Managing Capacity in Neurology

      By: Joel Goh, Robert S. Huckman and Nikhil Sahni
      In December 2014, Dr. Anthony Furlan, chair of the Department of Neurology at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UH), faced a mandate from the hospital’s executive leadership team. Specifically, all UH departments were directed to take steps within six... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; Hospitals; Capacity Planning; Scheduling; Health Care and Treatment; Service Operations; Performance Capacity; Health Industry; North America; United States; Ohio; Cleveland
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      Goh, Joel, Robert S. Huckman, and Nikhil Sahni. "University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center: Managing Capacity in Neurology." Harvard Business School Case 618-062, March 2018.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of CEOs in the Public Sector: Evidence from the English NHS

      By: Katharina Janke, Carol Propper and Raffaella Sadun
      Abstract Governments worldwide have sought to reform the delivery of public services by mimicking private sector governance models that grant CEOs greater autonomy and give them responsibility for meeting key government targets. We examine the effectiveness of this... View Details
      Keywords: CEOs; Management; Performance; Public Sector; Measurement and Metrics; Health Industry
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      Janke, Katharina, Carol Propper, and Raffaella Sadun. "The Impact of CEOs in the Public Sector: Evidence from the English NHS." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-075, March 2018. (Revised September 2020.)
      • Article

      Why Compliance Programs Fail: And How to Fix Them

      By: Hui Chen and Eugene Soltes
      Firms spend millions of dollars annually on whistle-blower hotlines, training, and other efforts to ensure adherence to laws, regulations, and company policies. Yet malfeasance remains entrenched in the corporate world. Why? Too many firms treat compliance as a... View Details
      Keywords: Governance Compliance; Programs; Employees; Training; Performance Effectiveness; Measurement and Metrics
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      Chen, Hui, and Eugene Soltes. "Why Compliance Programs Fail: And How to Fix Them." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 2 (March–April 2018): 116–125.
      • January–February 2018
      • Article

      The Leader's Guide to Corporate Culture: How to Manage the Eight Critical Elements of Organizational Life

      By: Boris Groysberg, Jeremiah Lee, Jesse Price and J. Yo-Jud Cheng
      Executives are often confounded by culture, because much of it is anchored in unspoken behaviors, mindsets, and social patterns. But when properly managed, culture can help them achieve change and build organizations that will thrive in even the most trying times. In... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Culture; Performance Effectiveness; Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Groysberg, Boris, Jeremiah Lee, Jesse Price, and J. Yo-Jud Cheng. "The Leader's Guide to Corporate Culture: How to Manage the Eight Critical Elements of Organizational Life." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 1 (January–February 2018): 44–52.
      • December 2017
      • Article

      Discordant vs. Harmonious Selves: The Effects of Identity Conflict and Enhancement on Sales Performance in Employee-Customer Interactions

      By: Lakshmi Ramarajan, Nancy Rothbard and Steffanie Wilk
      Across multiple studies, we examine how identity conflict and enhancement within people affect performance in tasks that involve interactions between people through two mechanisms: role-immersion, operationalized as intrinsic motivation, and role-taking,... View Details
      Keywords: Identity; Interpersonal Communication; Sales; Performance
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      Ramarajan, Lakshmi, Nancy Rothbard, and Steffanie Wilk. "Discordant vs. Harmonious Selves: The Effects of Identity Conflict and Enhancement on Sales Performance in Employee-Customer Interactions." Academy of Management Journal 60, no. 6 (December 2017): 2208–2238.
      • Article

      Leadership in Routine Emergencies and Crises: The Deepwater Horizon Incident

      By: Arnold M. Howitt, Dutch Leonard and David W. Giles
      Leadership in emergencies is a crucial element of becoming a high-performing Coast Guard officer. In this article, we argue that emergency leadership is not a single skill or uniform set of organizational competences. Instead, we identify a spectrum of emergency... View Details
      Keywords: Emergency Preparedness; Crisis Management; Leadership; Safety; Performance Effectiveness
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      Howitt, Arnold M., Dutch Leonard, and David W. Giles. "Leadership in Routine Emergencies and Crises: The Deepwater Horizon Incident." Special Issue on Game Changers: Turning the Tide on Maritime Challenges. Proceedings of the Marine Safety & Security Council, the Coast Guard Journal of Safety at Sea 74, no. 2 (May–December 2017): 108–115.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Real Exchange Rate, Innovation and Productivity

      By: Laura Alfaro, Alejandro Cuñat, Harald Fadinger and Yanping Liu
      We evaluate manufacturing firms' responses to changes in the real exchange rate (RER) using detailed firm-level data for a large set of countries for the period 2001–2010. We uncover the following stylized facts about regional variation of manufacturing firms'... View Details
      Keywords: Real Exchange Rate; Firm Level Data; Innovation; Productivity; Exporting; Importing; Credit Constraints; Currency Exchange Rate; Innovation and Invention; Performance Productivity
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      Alfaro, Laura, Alejandro Cuñat, Harald Fadinger, and Yanping Liu. "The Real Exchange Rate, Innovation and Productivity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-044, November 2017. (Revised April 2020.)
      • Article

      The IT Transformation Health Care Needs

      By: Nikhil R. Sahni, Robert S. Huckman, Anuraag Chigurupati and David M. Cutler
      In recent years, health care organizations have made sizable investments in information technology. They’ve used their IT systems to replace paper records with electronic ones and to improve billing processes, thereby boosting revenue. But so far, IT has been of little... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Information Technology; Performance Improvement; Business Model
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      Sahni, Nikhil R., Robert S. Huckman, Anuraag Chigurupati, and David M. Cutler. "The IT Transformation Health Care Needs." Harvard Business Review 95, no. 6 (November–December 2017): 128–136.
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