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      • Article

      Towards Robust and Reliable Algorithmic Recourse

      By: Sohini Upadhyay, Shalmali Joshi and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      As predictive models are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes decision making (e.g., loan approvals), there has been growing interest in post-hoc techniques which provide recourse to affected individuals. These techniques generate recourses under the assumption... View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning Models; Algorithmic Recourse; Decision Making; Forecasting and Prediction
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      Upadhyay, Sohini, Shalmali Joshi, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Towards Robust and Reliable Algorithmic Recourse." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).
      • Article

      Beyond Individualized Recourse: Interpretable and Interactive Summaries of Actionable Recourses

      By: Kaivalya Rawal and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      As predictive models are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes decision-making, there has been a lot of interest in developing algorithms which can provide recourses to affected individuals. While developing such tools is important, it is even more critical to... View Details
      Keywords: Predictive Models; Decision Making; Framework; Mathematical Methods
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      Rawal, Kaivalya, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Beyond Individualized Recourse: Interpretable and Interactive Summaries of Actionable Recourses." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 33 (2020).
      • December 2020
      • Article

      Monetary Policy and Global Banking

      By: Falk Bräuning and Victoria Ivashina
      When central banks adjust interest rates, the opportunity cost of lending in local currency changes, but—in absence of frictions—there is no spillover effect to lending in other currencies. However, when equity capital is limited, global banks must benchmark domestic... View Details
      Keywords: Global Banks; Monetary Policy Transmission; Cross-border Lending; Banks and Banking; Financial Markets; Global Range
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      Bräuning, Falk, and Victoria Ivashina. "Monetary Policy and Global Banking." Journal of Finance 75, no. 6 (December 2020): 3055–3095.
      • Article

      Robust and Stable Black Box Explanations

      By: Himabindu Lakkaraju, Nino Arsov and Osbert Bastani
      As machine learning black boxes are increasingly being deployed in real-world applications, there has been a growing interest in developing post hoc explanations that summarize the behaviors of these black boxes. However, existing algorithms for generating such... View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Black Box Models; Framework
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      Lakkaraju, Himabindu, Nino Arsov, and Osbert Bastani. "Robust and Stable Black Box Explanations." Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) 37th (2020): 5628–5638. (Published in PMLR, Vol. 119.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Party-State Capitalism in China

      By: Margaret Pearson, Meg Rithmire and Kellee Tsai
      The “state capitalism” model, in which the state retains a dominant role as owner or investor-shareholder amidst the presence of markets and private firms, has received increasing attention, with China cited as the main exemplar. Yet as models evolve, so has China’s... View Details
      Keywords: Capitalism; State Capitalism; Economic Systems; China
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      Pearson, Margaret, Meg Rithmire, and Kellee Tsai. "Party-State Capitalism in China." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-065, November 2020.
      • October 2020
      • Case

      HOPE and Transformational Lending: Netflix Invests in Black Led Banks

      By: John D. Macomber and Janice Broome Brooks
      Following the killing of George Floyd on Memorial Day in 2020, the large US corporation Netflix elected to make a "transformational deposit" of $10 million into Hope Credit Union (HCU), a small Black led community development finance institution (CDFI) based in... View Details
      Keywords: Banking; Rural Entrepreneurship; Economic Development; Black Entrepreneurs; Economic Growth; Credit; Banks and Banking; Entrepreneurship; Rural Scope; Development Economics; Race; Investment; Decision Making; Banking Industry
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      Macomber, John D., and Janice Broome Brooks. "HOPE and Transformational Lending: Netflix Invests in Black Led Banks." Harvard Business School Case 221-030, October 2020.
      • October 2020
      • Case

      PraDigi Open Learning: Transforming Rural India

      By: John J-H Kim and Malini Sen
      Pratham is a non-governmental organization, focusing on high-quality, low-cost and replicable interventions to address gaps in the Indian education system. Co-founder Madhav Chavan is interested in using technology for education but differed in the way it is used in... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Social Entrepreneurship; Education; Information Technology; Learning; Growth and Development Strategy; Non-Governmental Organizations; Social Issues; Education Industry; India; Asia
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      Kim, John J-H, and Malini Sen. "PraDigi Open Learning: Transforming Rural India." Harvard Business School Case 321-022, October 2020.
      • 24 Sep 2020
      • Other Presentation

      Enhanced Party and Interest Mapping via Social Media

      By: David A. Lax, James K. Sebenius and Ben Cook
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      Lax, David A., James K. Sebenius, and Ben Cook. "Enhanced Party and Interest Mapping via Social Media." Part 3, New Rules for Negotiators, Lax Sebenius LLC, September 24, 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Updating the Balanced Scorecard for Triple Bottom Line Strategies

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and David McMillan
      Many companies are now attempting to achieve triple bottom line performance on financial, environmental, and societal metrics. Successful strategies for such performance, however, generally require new relationships among multiple players in multiple sectors across a... View Details
      Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Adaptation; Environmental Sustainability; Social Issues; Performance; Strategy
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and David McMillan. "Updating the Balanced Scorecard for Triple Bottom Line Strategies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-028, August 2020.
      • Article

      The Importance of Being Causal

      By: Iavor I Bojinov, Albert Chen and Min Liu
      Causal inference is the study of how actions, interventions, or treatments affect outcomes of interest. The methods that have received the lion’s share of attention in the data science literature for establishing causation are variations of randomized experiments.... View Details
      Keywords: Causal Inference; Observational Studies; Cross-sectional Studies; Panel Studies; Interrupted Time-series; Instrumental Variables
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., Albert Chen, and Min Liu. "The Importance of Being Causal." Harvard Data Science Review 2.3 (July 30, 2020).
      • July 2020
      • Case

      Mortgage Backed Securities and the Covid-19 Pandemic

      By: Emil N. Siriwardane, Luis M. Viceira and Dean Xu
      In April 2020, global financial markets were still reeling as the COVID-19 pandemic spread rapidly across the world. Global equity markets had initially fallen by 30% in response to the pandemic, and high-yield credit markets had dropped by nearly 20%. In contrast,... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Mortgage-backed Securities; Health Pandemics; Financial Markets; Assets; Resource Allocation; Financial Instruments; Decision Making
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      Siriwardane, Emil N., Luis M. Viceira, and Dean Xu. "Mortgage Backed Securities and the Covid-19 Pandemic." Harvard Business School Case 221-010, July 2020.
      • 2020
      • Chapter

      Building Emergency Savings Through Employer-Sponsored Rainy-Day Savings Accounts

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, J. Mark Iwry, David C. John, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
      Roughly half of Americans live paycheck to paycheck. When financial shocks occur during their working life, many of these households tap into their retirement savings accounts. We explore the practical considerations and challenges associated with helping households... View Details
      Keywords: Savings; Household; Saving
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, J. Mark Iwry, David C. John, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "Building Emergency Savings Through Employer-Sponsored Rainy-Day Savings Accounts." In Tax Policy and the Economy, Volume 34, edited by Robert A. Moffitt, 43–90. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020.
      • May 21, 2020
      • Editorial

      Primary Care Is Hurting: Why Aren't Private Insurers Pitching In?

      By: Leemore S. Dafny and J. Michael McWilliams
      Primary care clinicians are the front line for patients with suspected infection. We rely on them to diagnose, triage, and manage patients with potential or confirmed COVID infections. They are also responsible for keeping non-COVID medical conditions under control... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Primary Care; Health Pandemics; Health Care and Treatment; Financial Condition; Insurance
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      Dafny, Leemore S., and J. Michael McWilliams. "Primary Care Is Hurting: Why Aren't Private Insurers Pitching In?" Health Affairs Blog (May 21, 2020).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Anchors Aweigh: Analysis of Anchor Limited Partner Investors in Impact Investment Funds

      By: Shawn A. Cole, T. Robert Zochowski, Fanele Mashwama and Heather McPherson
      This note describes results from a survey of “anchor investors” in impact funds. Anchor investors are described as “generally the first investor to make a substantial capital commitment to a fund,” (according to the Global Impact Investing Network, “GIIN”) and their... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investment Funds; Anchor Investors; Investment; Surveys; Analysis
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      Cole, Shawn A., T. Robert Zochowski, Fanele Mashwama, and Heather McPherson. "Anchors Aweigh: Analysis of Anchor Limited Partner Investors in Impact Investment Funds." Working Paper, May 2020.
      • March 2020 (Revised June 2022)
      • Case

      GreenLight Fund

      By: Brian Trelstad, Julia Kelley and Mel Martin
      As Tara Noland, the Executive Director (ED) of GreenLight Cincinnati, reflected on her first few years on the job. Noland had delivered on what she had been hired to do in the city: work with leading philanthropists and nonprofit executives to use data and evidence to... View Details
      Keywords: Philanthropy; Venture Philanthropy; Replication; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Venture Capital; Social Issues; Decision Making; Analytics and Data Science; Cincinnati
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      Trelstad, Brian, Julia Kelley, and Mel Martin. "GreenLight Fund." Harvard Business School Case 320-053, March 2020. (Revised June 2022.)
      • March 2020
      • Case

      Thingtesting: Launching a Brand Discovery and Testing Digital Community

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Jill Avery
      Thingtesting, a brand discovery and testing digital community devoted to uncovering and exploring direct-to-consumer brands, had just received seed funding and was contemplating a second year of growth. The new year brought many challenges, as founder Jenny Gyllander... View Details
      Keywords: Influencer Marketing; Monetization; Female Ceo; Female Entrepreneur; Female Protagonist; Influencers; Influencer; Direct-to-consumer; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship; Marketing Communications; Consumer Products Industry; Financial Services Industry; Advertising Industry; London; United Kingdom; United States; Europe; North America
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Jill Avery. "Thingtesting: Launching a Brand Discovery and Testing Digital Community." Harvard Business School Case 520-086, March 2020.
      • March 2020 (Revised June 2023)
      • Case

      EyeControl: Inspiring Communication

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Danielle Golan
      Eye-controlled communication device startup EyeControl was founded in Tel Aviv, Israel in 2016 by cofounders with a shared personal connection to locked-in syndrome—a neurological disorder that left sufferers cognitively sound, yet paralyzed, with the exception of eye... View Details
      Keywords: Health Disorders; Communication Technology; Business Startups; Expansion; Finance; Decision Making; Social Enterprise; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Danielle Golan. "EyeControl: Inspiring Communication." Harvard Business School Case 820-078, March 2020. (Revised June 2023.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Corporate Environmental Impact: Measurement, Data and Information

      By: David Freiberg, DG Park, George Serafeim and T. Robert Zochowski
      As an organization’s environmental impact has become a central societal consideration, thereby affecting industry and organizational competitiveness, interest in measuring and analyzing environmental impact has increased. We develop a methodology to derive comparable... View Details
      Keywords: Environment; Impact; Measurement; Environmental Ratings; Corporate Valuation; Financial Materiality; Sustainability; Environmental Impact; Environmental Strategy; Impact-Weighted Accounts; IWAI; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Measurement and Metrics; Valuation
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      Freiberg, David, DG Park, George Serafeim, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Corporate Environmental Impact: Measurement, Data and Information." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-098, March 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • March 2020
      • Article

      Governance Through Shame and Aspiration: Index Creation and Corporate Behavior

      By: Akash Chattopadhyay, Matthew D. Shaffer and Charles C.Y. Wang
      After decades of deprioritizing shareholders' economic interests and low corporate profitability, Japan introduced the JPX-Nikkei400 in 2014. The index highlighted the country's "best-run" companies by annually selecting the 400 most profitable of its large and liquid... View Details
      Keywords: JPX-Nikkei 400 Index; Status Incentives; Return On Equity; Capital Efficiency; Social Norms; Index Inclusion; Reputation Incentives; Motivation and Incentives; Corporate Governance; Behavior; Investment Return; Status and Position; Japan
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      Chattopadhyay, Akash, Matthew D. Shaffer, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Governance Through Shame and Aspiration: Index Creation and Corporate Behavior." Journal of Financial Economics 135, no. 3 (March 2020): 704–724.
      • Article

      History-informed Strategy Research: The Promise of History and Historical Research Methods in Advancing Strategy Scholarship

      By: Nicholas Argyres, Alfredo De Massis, Nicolai J. Foss, Federico Frattini, Geoffrey Jones and Brian Silverman
      Recent years have seen an increasing interest in the use of history and historical research methods in strategy research. This article discusses how and why history and historical research methods can enrich theoretical explanations of strategy phenomena. The article... View Details
      Keywords: Methodology; Strategy; Business History; Research; History
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      Argyres, Nicholas, Alfredo De Massis, Nicolai J. Foss, Federico Frattini, Geoffrey Jones, and Brian Silverman. "History-informed Strategy Research: The Promise of History and Historical Research Methods in Advancing Strategy Scholarship." Strategic Management Journal 41, no. 3 (March 2020): 343–368.
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