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      • May 2021 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Headspace vs. Calm: A Mindful Competition

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne Wilson
      By 2021, the mindfulness app wars reached their apex. Over 2,000 meditation apps were available to consumers, but two apps, Headspace and Calm, dominated the space, jointly holding about 70% of the total market. Headspace had established itself as the approachable... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Communication; Integrated Strategy; Brand; Brand & Product Management; Brand Communication; Brand Differentiation; Brand Building; Brand Management; E-Commerce Strategy; Ecommerce; App; App Development; Applications; COVID; COVID-19; Pandemic; Pricing; Pricing Strategy; Subscription Model; Subscription; Partnerships; Strategic Partnerships; B2B Vs. B2C; B2B; Health & Wellness; Wellbeing; Digitization; Commoditization; Mobile App; Mobile App Industry; Mobile Healthcare; Mobile Marketing; Digital Brand; Digital Health; Consumer Health; Apps; Online Business; Online Competition; Online Community; Online Entertainment; Entertainment And Leisure; Meditation; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Brands and Branding; Price; Strategy; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Partners and Partnerships; Health; Well-being; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Communication; Communication Strategy; Disruption; Consumer Behavior; Digital Marketing; E-commerce; Applications and Software; Health Industry; Technology Industry; Communications Industry; United States; North America; United Kingdom
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Anne Wilson. "Headspace vs. Calm: A Mindful Competition." Harvard Business School Case 521-102, May 2021. (Revised May 2022.)
      • May 2021
      • Article

      Choice Architecture in Physician–patient Communication: A Mixed-methods Assessment of Physicians' Competency

      By: J. Hart, K. Yadav, S. Szymanski, A. Summer, A. Tannenbaum, J. Zlatev, D. Daniels and S.D. Halpern
      Background: Clinicians’ use of choice architecture, or how they present options, systematically influences the choices made by patients and their surrogate decision makers. However, clinicians may incompletely understand this influence.... View Details
      Keywords: Choice Architecture; Health Care and Treatment; Interpersonal Communication; Decision Choices and Conditions; Competency and Skills
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      Hart, J., K. Yadav, S. Szymanski, A. Summer, A. Tannenbaum, J. Zlatev, D. Daniels, and S.D. Halpern. "Choice Architecture in Physician–patient Communication: A Mixed-methods Assessment of Physicians' Competency." BMJ Quality & Safety 30, no. 5 (May 2021).
      • May 2021
      • Article

      Ideology and Composition Among an Online Crowd: Evidence From Wikipedians

      By: Shane Greenstein, Grace Gu and Feng Zhu
      Online communities bring together participants from diverse backgrounds and often face challenges in aggregating their opinions. We infer lessons from the experience of individual contributors to Wikipedia articles about U.S. politics. We identify two factors that... View Details
      Keywords: User Segregation; Online Community; Contested Knowledge; Collective Intelligence; Ideology; Bias; Wikipedia; Knowledge Sharing; Perspective; Government and Politics
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      Greenstein, Shane, Grace Gu, and Feng Zhu. "Ideology and Composition Among an Online Crowd: Evidence From Wikipedians." Management Science 67, no. 5 (May 2021): 3067–3086.
      • May–June 2021
      • Article

      Why Start-ups Fail

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann
      If you’re launching a business, the odds are against you: Two-thirds of start-ups never show a positive return. Unnerved by that statistic, a professor of entrepreneurship at Harvard Business School set out to discover why. Based on interviews and surveys with hundreds... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Problems and Challenges; Failure
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R. "Why Start-ups Fail." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 3 (May–June 2021): 76–85.
      • April 2021
      • Case

      Etsy: Crafting a Turnaround to Save the Business and Its Soul

      By: Ranjay Gulati, Luciana Silvestri and Monte Burke
      Etsy, the online seller of handmade goods, was founded in 2005 on an almost utopian ideal—a responsible, caring company that offered individual crafters a place to sell their wares, a wholesome alternative to companies that sold mass-manufactured products. The company... View Details
      Keywords: Turnaround; Organizational Culture; Financial Condition; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Mission and Purpose; Transformation; Leadership
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      Gulati, Ranjay, Luciana Silvestri, and Monte Burke. "Etsy: Crafting a Turnaround to Save the Business and Its Soul." Harvard Business School Case 821-092, April 2021.
      • April 2021
      • Case

      Codecademy: Where to Next?

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Max Mailman and Sarah Ascherman
      In March 2020, Zach Sims, co-founder and CEO of online education platform Codecademy, prepared for a meeting with his Chief of Staff Kunal Ahuja to discuss the company’s goals. Codecademy billed itself as the largest online resource for computer science literacy and... View Details
      Keywords: Monetization Strategy; Business Model; Change Management; Venture Capital; Leading Change; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Teams; Marketing Channels; Product Marketing; Network Effects; Product Development; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Strategic Planning; Internet and the Web; Digital Platforms; United States
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Max Mailman, and Sarah Ascherman. "Codecademy: Where to Next?" Harvard Business School Case 821-093, April 2021.
      • April 2021 (Revised July 2021)
      • Case

      StockX: The Stock Market of Things (Abridged)

      By: Chiara Farronato, John J. Horton, Annelena Lobb and Julia Kelley
      Founded in 2015 by Dan Gilbert, Josh Luber, and Greg Schwartz, StockX was an online platform where users could buy and sell unworn luxury and limited-edition sneakers. Sneaker resale prices often fluctuated over time based on supply and demand, creating a robust... View Details
      Keywords: Markets; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Demand and Consumers; Consumer Behavior; Analytics and Data Science; Market Design; Digital Platforms; Market Transactions; Marketplace Matching; Supply and Industry; Analysis; Price; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Fashion Industry; North and Central America; United States; Michigan; Detroit
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      Farronato, Chiara, John J. Horton, Annelena Lobb, and Julia Kelley. "StockX: The Stock Market of Things (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 621-107, April 2021. (Revised July 2021.)
      • 2021
      • Article

      Does Fair Ranking Improve Minority Outcomes? Understanding the Interplay of Human and Algorithmic Biases in Online Hiring

      By: Tom Sühr, Sophie Hilgard and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      Ranking algorithms are being widely employed in various online hiring platforms including LinkedIn, TaskRabbit, and Fiverr. Prior research has demonstrated that ranking algorithms employed by these platforms are prone to a variety of undesirable biases, leading to the... View Details
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      Sühr, Tom, Sophie Hilgard, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Does Fair Ranking Improve Minority Outcomes? Understanding the Interplay of Human and Algorithmic Biases in Online Hiring." Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society 4th (2021).
      • March 17, 2021
      • Other Article

      Beyond Pajamas: Sizing Up the Pandemic Shopper

      By: Ayelet Israeli, Eva Ascarza and Laura Castrillo
      A first look at how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted e-commerce apparel shopping in the US and the UK. Extensive analysis and interactive graphics utilizing millions of transactions.
      While the pandemic is still playing out, our preliminary investigations... View Details
      Keywords: Retail; Retail Analytics; Consumer; Pandemic; COVID; COVID-19; Apparel; Ecommerce; Online Shopping; Online Apparel; Online Sales; Returns; CRM; Customer Retention; Customer Experience; Customer Value; Digital; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customers; Health Pandemics; Consumer Behavior; Customer Relationship Management; Internet and the Web; Behavior; E-commerce; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; United States; United Kingdom
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      Israeli, Ayelet, Eva Ascarza, and Laura Castrillo. "Beyond Pajamas: Sizing Up the Pandemic Shopper." Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (March 17, 2021).
      • March 2021 (Revised February 2025)
      • Teaching Note

      Afterpay U.S.: The Omnichannel Dilemma

      By: Antonio Moreno and Anibha Singh
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-086. In 2018, Nick Molnar, the founder of the Australia-based online payment service Afterpay began its expansion to the U.S. market. The service had gained a loyal following in Australia by enabling customers to pay for online... View Details
      Keywords: Omnichannel Retail; Digital Marketing; Business Startups; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Organization; For-Profit Firms; Change Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Satisfaction; Financing and Loans; Microfinance; Global Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Product Development; Supply Chain Management; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Networks; Network Effects; Internet and the Web; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; United States; Australia
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      Moreno, Antonio, and Anibha Singh. "Afterpay U.S.: The Omnichannel Dilemma." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 521-074, March 2021. (Revised February 2025.)
      • March 2021
      • Article

      Assortment Rotation and the Value of Concealment

      By: Kris J. Ferreira and Joel Goh
      Assortment rotation—the retailing practice of changing the assortment of products offered to customers—has recently been used as a competitive advantage for both brick-and-mortar and online retailers. We focus on product categories where consumers may purchase multiple... View Details
      Keywords: Assortment Optimization; Retailing; Imperfect Information; Sales; Strategy; Consumer Behavior
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      Ferreira, Kris J., and Joel Goh. "Assortment Rotation and the Value of Concealment." Management Science 67, no. 3 (March 2021): 1489–1507.
      • March 2021
      • Article

      Last Place Aversion in Queues

      By: Ryan W. Buell
      This paper documents the effects of last place aversion in queues and its implications for customer experiences and behaviors as well as for operating performance. An observational analysis of customers queuing at a grocery store, and four online studies in which... View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Operations; Queues; Reference Effects; Last Place Aversion; Transparency; Customers; Behavior; Satisfaction; Service Operations
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      Buell, Ryan W. "Last Place Aversion in Queues." Management Science 67, no. 3 (March 2021): 1430–1452.
      • February 2021
      • Teaching Note

      Digital Marketing at HBS Online Teaching Note

      By: Sunil Gupta and Rajiv Lal
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      Gupta, Sunil, and Rajiv Lal. "Digital Marketing at HBS Online Teaching Note." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 521-076, February 2021.
      • February 2021
      • Supplement

      Digital Marketing at HBS Online Teaching Note Supplement

      By: Sunil Gupta and Rajiv Lal
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      Gupta, Sunil, and Rajiv Lal. "Digital Marketing at HBS Online Teaching Note Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 521-082, February 2021.
      • February 2021
      • Case

      Threadless: The Renewal of an Online Community

      By: Shane Greenstein, Karim Lakhani and Christian Godwin
      Threadless, an online apparel company and artist community which Jake Nickell founded in 2000, continued to maintain its status as a top company in the online apparel industry during its second decade. From 2010 to 2020, Threadless continued to operate its... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Decision Making; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Leading Change; Management; Marketing; Product Launch; Operations; Supply Chain; Distribution; Networks; Sales; Strategy; Adaptation; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Digital Platforms; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; North America
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      Greenstein, Shane, Karim Lakhani, and Christian Godwin. "Threadless: The Renewal of an Online Community." Harvard Business School Case 621-056, February 2021.
      • February 2021
      • Case

      Drizly: Managing Supply and Demand through Disruption

      By: Kris Ferreira
      It was April 6th, 2020, and the management team at Drizly—an online alcohol marketplace where consumers could browse and purchase alcohol from local liquor retail stores via Drizly’s app for immediate home delivery—were thrilled to see record-breaking sales from the... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Demand and Consumers; Growth and Development; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Satisfaction; Goals and Objectives; Supply Chain Management
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      Ferreira, Kris. "Drizly: Managing Supply and Demand through Disruption." Harvard Business School Case 621-097, February 2021.
      • February 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      Marvin: A Personalized Telehealth Approach to Mental Health

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger, Eshani Sharma, Andrew Nguyen, Thomas Arsenault, Carin-Isabel Knoop and Julia Kelley
      More than one third of Americans were said to suffer some type of behavioral health ailment at some point in their lifetime, with many people requiring chronic therapy or intervention. Despite significant clinical needs, access to reliable treatment has been difficult... View Details
      Keywords: Mental Health; Applications; Startup Management; Telehealth; Health Care Entrepreneurship; Health & Wellness; Health Care; Health Care and Treatment; Customization and Personalization; Internet and the Web; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Applications and Software
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., Eshani Sharma, Andrew Nguyen, Thomas Arsenault, Carin-Isabel Knoop, and Julia Kelley. "Marvin: A Personalized Telehealth Approach to Mental Health." Harvard Business School Case 321-127, February 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • February 2021 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Shopify: The Conquest for Chinese E-Commerce

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Avani Patel, Samantha Lin and Ariel Yang
      In mid-2020, Tobias Lütke, CEO of Shopify, faced a critical decision on how to time potential expansion into the China market. Over the prior 15 years, his Canadian software-as-a-service company had grown from a small e-commerce solutions provider to a full service... View Details
      Keywords: Timing; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Service Operations; Business Model; Organizational Design; Change Management; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Health Pandemics; Growth Management; Marketing Strategy; Digital Platforms; Alliances; Partners and Partnerships; Opportunities; Internet and the Web; E-commerce; United States; Canada; China
      Citation
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Avani Patel, Samantha Lin, and Ariel Yang. "Shopify: The Conquest for Chinese E-Commerce." Harvard Business School Case 821-081, February 2021. (Revised April 2024.)
      • February 2021
      • Tutorial

      Getting Started in RStudio Cloud

      By: Chiara Farronato and Caleb Kwon
      This video provides an introduction to the free programming language R using an online cloud version of RStudio, which is the most popular editor and interface for writing and executing R code. The video begins by providing a brief background of R and RStudio and... View Details
      Keywords: Data Analysis; Data Analytics; Experiment; Experimental Design; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Applications and Software
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      Farronato, Chiara, and Caleb Kwon. Getting Started in RStudio Cloud. Harvard Business School Tutorial 621-708, February 2021.
      • February 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      Zillow Offers: Winning Online Real Estate 2.0

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Luis M. Viceira and Julia Kelley
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Luis M. Viceira, and Julia Kelley. "Zillow Offers: Winning Online Real Estate 2.0." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 221-071, February 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
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