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      • April 2019 (Revised April 2020)
      • Case

      Reaganomics: Impact and Legacy

      By: Tom Nicholas, John Masko and Matthew G. Preble
      During the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan and his administration instituted several far-reaching economic policies that had both near- and long-term impacts on such aspects of the U.S. economy as monetary policy, inflation, the tax structure, and the role of... View Details
      Keywords: Wealth and Poverty; Business and Government Relations; Leadership; Taxation; Government Administration; Government Legislation; Inflation and Deflation; Money; Economy; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Economic Growth; Equality and Inequality; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, John Masko, and Matthew G. Preble. "Reaganomics: Impact and Legacy." Harvard Business School Case 819-007, April 2019. (Revised April 2020.)
      • Article

      Four Things No One Will Tell You About ESG Data

      By: Sakis Kotsantonis and George Serafeim
      As the ESG finance field and the use of ESG data in investment decision-making continue to grow, the authors seek to shed light on several important aspects of ESG measurement and data. This article is intended to provide a useful guide for the rapidly rising number of... View Details
      Keywords: ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; ESG Reporting; Data Analytics; Sustainability; Sustainability Reporting; CSR; Transparency; Investment Management; Socially Responsible Investing; Sustainable Finance; Sustainable Development; Inclusion; Inclusive Growth; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Corporate Accountability; Investment; Management; Climate Change; Corporate Governance; Diversity; Integrated Corporate Reporting
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      Kotsantonis, Sakis, and George Serafeim. "Four Things No One Will Tell You About ESG Data." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 31, no. 2 (Spring 2019): 50–58.
      • March 2019
      • Supplement

      KITEA (E): IKEA's Opening Day

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in 2016 as Amine Benkirane, CEO of the furniture retailer KITEA, observes KITEA’s dormant sales on the day IKEA opens its first store in Morocco. It then provides information on IKEA’s Morocco store, as well as a detailed pricing comparison between IKEA... View Details
      Keywords: Private Sector; For-Profit Firms; Business Strategy; Strategic Planning; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Adaptation; Corporate Strategy; Retail Industry; Africa; North Africa; Morocco
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "KITEA (E): IKEA's Opening Day." Harvard Business School Supplement 719-422, March 2019.
      • March 2019
      • Article

      Beliefs about Gender

      By: Pedro Bordalo, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer
      We conduct laboratory experiments that explore how gender stereotypes shape beliefs about ability of oneself and others in different categories of knowledge. The data reveal two patterns. First, men’s and women’s beliefs about both oneself and others exceed observed... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Perspective; Prejudice and Bias; Gender
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      Bordalo, Pedro, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli, and Andrei Shleifer. "Beliefs about Gender." American Economic Review 109, no. 3 (March 2019): 739–773.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Overcoming the Cold Start Problem of CRM Using a Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach

      By: Eva Ascarza
      The success of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) programs ultimately depends on the firm's ability to understand consumers' preferences and precisely capture how these preferences may differ across customers. Only by understanding customer heterogeneity, firms can... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Management; Targeting; Deep Exponential Families; Probabilistic Machine Learning; Cold Start Problem; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Consumer Behavior; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods; Retail Industry
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      Padilla, Nicolas, and Eva Ascarza. "Overcoming the Cold Start Problem of CRM Using a Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-091, February 2019. (Revised May 2020. Accepted at the Journal of Marketing Research.)
      • Article

      Corporate Culture and Analyst Catering

      By: Joseph Pacelli
      This study examines the relation between financial institutions’ corporate culture and the quality of analysts’ research services. Using data collected from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, I measure the weakness of financial institutions’ corporate culture... View Details
      Keywords: Analysts; Corporate Culture; Global Settlement; Financial Institutions; Organizational Culture; Conflict of Interests; Performance; Quality
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      Pacelli, Joseph. "Corporate Culture and Analyst Catering." Journal of Accounting & Economics 67, no. 1 (February 2019): 120–143.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Relative Performance Transparency: Effects on Sustainable Choices

      By: Ryan W. Buell, Shwetha Mariadassou and Yanchong Zheng
      We study how transparency into the levels and changes of relative sustainability performance affects consumer choices. Our work considers two forms of transparency: process transparency, in which customers receive information about the company's sustainability... View Details
      Keywords: Relative Performance Tranparency; Process Transparency; Customer Transparency; Levels; Changes; Reflectiveness; Self-serving Attribution Biases; Sustainability; Consumer Choice
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      Buell, Ryan W., Shwetha Mariadassou, and Yanchong Zheng. "Relative Performance Transparency: Effects on Sustainable Choices." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-079, January 2019.
      • 22 Jan 2019
      • Interview

      Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace

      By: Amy C. Edmondson and Curt Nickisch
      Amy Edmondson, professor at Harvard Business School, first identified the concept of psychological safety in work teams in 1999. Since then, she has observed how companies with a trusting workplace perform better. Psychological safety isn’t about being nice, she says.... View Details
      Keywords: Psychological Safety; Trust; Organizational Culture; Performance Effectiveness
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      "Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace." HBR IdeaCast (podcast), Harvard Business Review Group, January 22, 2019.
      • January 2019 (Revised July 2021)
      • Case

      Analytical Space: The Next Frontier?

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann, Jeffrey J. Bussgang and David Lane
      With one satellite aloft and in the midst of beta testing in late 2018, Analytical Space founders Justin Oliveira and Dan Nevius turned to critical questions about the pioneering startup’s go-to-market, pricing, and business development strategy. Analytical Space aimed... View Details
      Keywords: Pricing Decisions; Demand Validation; Revenue Model; Business Development; Space Tech; Satellites; Earth Observation; Remote Sensing; Business Startups; Emerging Markets; Growth and Development Strategy; Finance; Selection and Staffing; Business Strategy; Aerospace Industry
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R., Jeffrey J. Bussgang, and David Lane. "Analytical Space: The Next Frontier?" Harvard Business School Case 819-089, January 2019. (Revised July 2021.)
      • Article

      Diversity Thresholds: How Social Norms, Visibility, and Scrutiny Relate to Group Composition

      By: Edward H. Chang, Katherine L. Milkman, Dolly Chugh and Modupe Akinola
      Across a field study and four experiments, we examine how social norms and scrutiny affect decisions about adding members of underrepresented populations (e.g., women, racial minorities) to groups. When groups are scrutinized, we theorize that decision makers strive to... View Details
      Keywords: Social Norms; Impression Management; Groups and Teams; Governing and Advisory Boards; Diversity; Gender; Decision Making
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      Chang, Edward H., Katherine L. Milkman, Dolly Chugh, and Modupe Akinola. "Diversity Thresholds: How Social Norms, Visibility, and Scrutiny Relate to Group Composition." Academy of Management Journal 62, no. 1 (February 2019): 144–171.
      • Article

      Maimonides' Ladder: States of Mutual Knowledge and the Perception of Charitability

      By: Julian De Freitas, Peter DiScioli, Kyle A. Thomas and Steven Pinker
      Why do people esteem anonymous charitable giving? We connect normative theories of charitability (captured in Maimonides’ Ladder of Charity) with evolutionary theories of partner choice to test predictions on how attributions of charitability are affected by states of... View Details
      Keywords: Charity; Reciprocity; Partner Choice; Common Knowledge; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Knowledge; Perception
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      De Freitas, Julian, Peter DiScioli, Kyle A. Thomas, and Steven Pinker. "Maimonides' Ladder: States of Mutual Knowledge and the Perception of Charitability." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 148, no. 1 (January 2019): 158–173.
      • December 2018
      • Case

      Bata versus Relaxo—Analyzing Performance

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Iris Leung and Quinn Pitcher
      Set in 2016, “Bata India versus Relaxo—Analyzing Performance” compares the strategies and financial performance of two Indian footwear companies. Bata India had long been the market leader in footwear in India, but its leading market position was being challenged by... View Details
      Keywords: Finance; Strategy; Operations; Performance Evaluation; Financial Statements; Analysis; Apparel and Accessories Industry
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Iris Leung, and Quinn Pitcher. "Bata versus Relaxo—Analyzing Performance." Harvard Business School Case 119-050, December 2018.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Corporate Refinancing, Covenants, and the Agency Cost of Debt

      By: Daniel Green
      How valuable are restrictive debt covenants in reducing the agency costs of debt? I exploit the revealed preference decision to refinance fixed-coupon bonds, which weighs observable interest rate savings against the unobservable costs of a change in restrictive... View Details
      Keywords: Covenants; Refinancing; Corporate Bonds; Agency Costs; Debt Policy; Borrowing and Debt; Bonds; Interest Rates
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      Green, Daniel. "Corporate Refinancing, Covenants, and the Agency Cost of Debt." Working Paper, 2018. (Revise and Resubmit, Journal of Finance.)
      • 2018
      • Article

      Cracking the Organizational Challenge of Pursuing Joint Social and Financial Goals: Social Enterprise as a Laboratory to Understand Hybrid Organizing

      By: Julie Battilana
      While in recent decades the social and business sectors have evolved on fairly separate tracks, today companies are increasingly expected to generate social value in addition to profit. As a result, they also increasingly face the distinct challenge of pursuing social... View Details
      Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Hybrid Organizing; Multiple Goals; Social Enterprise; Goals and Objectives; Organizational Design; Organizational Culture
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      Battilana, Julie. "Cracking the Organizational Challenge of Pursuing Joint Social and Financial Goals: Social Enterprise as a Laboratory to Understand Hybrid Organizing." M@n@gement 21, no. 4 (2018): 1278–1305.
      • November 2018 (Revised January 2020)
      • Case

      Tesla, Inc. in 2018

      By: Siko Sikochi, Suraj Srinivasan and Quinn Pitcher
      On August 7, 2018 Elon Musk, Chairman and CEO of Tesla tweeted that he was considering taking Tesla private and had secured funding. Weeks went by without details about a deal and speculation grew that Musk had misled investors. He soon abandoned the idea, but the... View Details
      Keywords: Disclosure Regulation; Board Independence; Corporate Governance; Business and Shareholder Relations; Governing and Advisory Boards
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      Sikochi, Siko, Suraj Srinivasan, and Quinn Pitcher. "Tesla, Inc. in 2018." Harvard Business School Case 119-013, November 2018. (Revised January 2020.)
      • November 2018 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      Bangladesh: Into the Maelstrom

      By: Reshmaan Hussam, Sophus A. Reinert and Namrata Arora
      In the fall of 2018, Rohima Begum considered her options as the small island, or “char,” on which her family’s house rested slowly but inescapably eroded into the mighty Brahmaputra River in northern Bangladesh. The country, once unceremoniously dubbed a “basket case”... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Adaptation; Environmental Management; Problems and Challenges; Immigration; Bangladesh
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      Hussam, Reshmaan, Sophus A. Reinert, and Namrata Arora. "Bangladesh: Into the Maelstrom." Harvard Business School Case 719-008, November 2018. (Revised February 2023.)
      • November 2018 (Revised February 2019)
      • Case

      Israel at 70: Is it Possible to (re)Brand a Country?

      By: Elie Ofek and Sarah Gulick
      In the spring of 2018, Israel was set to celebrate its 70th anniversary. While there was much to rejoice in reaching this milestone, the country’s brand image internationally was far from ideal. Past efforts to impact perceptions of Israel, spearheaded by the Ministry... View Details
      Keywords: Branding; Brand Management Of Places; Nation Branding; Brand Positioning; Public Diplomacy; Marketing Communication; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Perception; Change; Israel
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      Ofek, Elie, and Sarah Gulick. "Israel at 70: Is it Possible to (re)Brand a Country?" Harvard Business School Case 519-006, November 2018. (Revised February 2019.)
      • 2018
      • Chapter

      The Orphan Drug Act at 35: Observations and an Outlook for the Twenty-First Century

      By: Nicholas Bagley, Benjamin Berger, Amitabh Chandra, Craig Garthwaite and Ariel Dora Stern
      On the 35th anniversary of the adoption of the Orphan Drug Act (ODA), we describe the enormous changes in the markets for therapies for rare diseases that have emerged over recent decades. The most prominent example is the fact that the profit-maximizing price of new... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Laws and Statutes; Research and Development; Investment; Markets; Monopoly
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      Bagley, Nicholas, Benjamin Berger, Amitabh Chandra, Craig Garthwaite, and Ariel Dora Stern. "The Orphan Drug Act at 35: Observations and an Outlook for the Twenty-First Century." Chap. 4 in Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 19, edited by Josh Lerner and Scott Stern, 97–137. University of Chicago Press, 2018.
      • 2018
      • Chapter

      Behavioral Household Finance

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
      This chapter provides an overview of household finance. The first part summarizes key facts regarding household financial behavior, emphasizing empirical regularities that are inconsistent with the standard classical economic model and discussing extensions of the... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Finance; Global Range; Household; Behavior; Strategy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Product Design; Welfare
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "Behavioral Household Finance." In Handbook of Behavioral Economics: Foundations and Applications 1, edited by B. Douglas Bernheim, Stefano DellaVigna, and David Laibson, 177–276. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2018.
      • September 2018
      • Article

      An Exploratory Study of Product Development in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Medical Device Testing in India

      By: Budhaditya Gupta and Stefan Thomke
      Recent research has studied innovation in emerging economies. However, microlevel product development processes in these economies are relatively unexplored, and the mechanisms by which the emerging economy context might affect such processes are still unclear. In this... View Details
      Keywords: India; Product Development; Emerging Markets; Situation or Environment; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; India
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      Gupta, Budhaditya, and Stefan Thomke. "An Exploratory Study of Product Development in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Medical Device Testing in India." R&D Management 48, no. 4 (September 2018): 485–501.
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