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  • October 2024
  • Teaching Note

El Salvador: Launching Bitcoin as Legal Tender

By: Laura Alfaro
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 322-055. In June 2021, Nayib Bukele, El Salvador’s president, surprised the world with the announcement that the country would adopt bitcoin as legal tender, becoming the first nation to do so. Bitcoin was mostly used for trading and had... View Details
Keywords: Bitcoin; Cryptocurrency; Currency; Financial Strategy; Economic Growth; Governance; Macroeconomics; Assets; Government Administration; Latin America; El Salvador
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    Laura Alfaro

    Laura Alfaro is the Warren Alpert Professor of Business Administration. At Harvard since 1999, she served as Minister of National Planning and Economic Policy in Costa Rica from 2010-2012, taking a leave from HBS. She is Co-Editor of the Journal of International... View Details

    • 08 Mar 2016
    • Research & Ideas

    Solving an Economic Mystery Surrounding Argentina and Chile

    community. Chile is in better shape, but has also undergone traumatic ups and down and is now challenged to grow as its major trading partner, China, slows its growth. What went wrong? A new edited volume by Geoffrey Jones and Andrea... View Details
    Keywords: by Sean Silverthorne
    • September 2017
    • Case

    Christine Lagarde

    By: Julie Battilana, Carin-Isabel Knoop, Vanessa Ampelas and Noemie Assenat
    The case covers the youth and career trajectory of Christine Lagarde across her time at Baker & McKenzie, as a minister in the government of France and as the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The case highlights the challenges and opportunities she faced... View Details
    Keywords: Change; Personal Development and Career; Power and Influence; Leadership; Gender; Leading Change
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    • 21 Aug 2019
    • News

    Manufacturers Want to Quit China for Vietnam. They’re Finding It Impossible.

    • 2019
    • Chapter

    From Coast to Hinterland: Fiscal State Formation in British and French West Africa, c. 1880–1960

    By: Ewout Frankema and Marlous van Waijenburg
    This chapter contrasts and compares the ways different colonial states in West Africa developed local fiscal capacity. We show that per capita revenues were higher in the more commercialised coastal export economies than in remote parts of the interior. We argue that... View Details
    Keywords: Fiscal Capacity; Public Debt; French West Africa; British West Africa; Geography; History; Africa
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    • December 2007
    • Article

    China + India: The Power of Two

    By: Tarun Khanna
    China and India are burying the hatchet after four-plus decades of hostility. A few companies from both nations have been quick to gain competitive advantages by viewing the two as symbiotic. If Western corporations fail to do the same, they will lose their competitive... View Details
    Keywords: Competency and Skills; Economic Growth; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Multinational Firms and Management; Business History; Competitive Strategy; Cooperation; China; India
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    • 17 Jun 2002
    • Research & Ideas

    Entrepreneurship in Asia and Foreign Direct Investment

    in terms of a looming competitor for the same FDI they try to attract, whereas firms based in Taiwan and Hong Kong view a rising China as representing an enormous investment and trading opportunity. The latter two View Details
    Keywords: by Martha Lagace
    • December 2004 (Revised August 2006)
    • Case

    Brcko and the Arizona Market

    By: Bruce R. Scott and Edward Murphy
    Explores the role of the U.S. military in facilitating the establishment of a spectacularly successful free trade area in one of the most devastated areas of Bosnia. NATO's imposition of law and order, plus protection from local political protection rackets, led to... View Details
    Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Trade; Economic Growth; Industry Growth; Government Legislation; Emerging Markets; Bosnia and Hercegovina; United States
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    • 02 Mar 2018
    • News

    Trump’s Tariffs Will Take Their Toll

    • November 2021 (Revised January 2024)
    • Case

    The Global Great Depression, 1929-1939

    By: Alberto Cavallo, Sophus A. Reinert and Federica Gabrieli
    The Great Depression was, by far, the worst economic contraction of the twentieth century, and some of the most important ideas about both fiscal and monetary policy in the second half of the century were developed in response to it. The economic collapse, which... View Details
    Keywords: Great Depression; Economic Conditions; Unemployment; Homelessness; Financial Crisis; History; Economy; Policy; Poverty; Social Issues; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation
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    • Research Summary

    Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis

    By: Laura Alfaro
    In recent decades, advances in information and communication technology and falling trade barriers have led firms to retain within their boundaries and in their domestic economies only a subset of their production stages. A key decision facing firms worldwide is the... View Details
    • April 2019
    • Article

    Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis

    By: Laura Alfaro, Pol Antràs, Davin Chor and Paola Conconi
    In recent decades, advances in information and communication technology and falling trade barriers have led firms to retain within their boundaries and in their domestic economies only a subset of their production stages. A key decision facing firms worldwide is the... View Details
    Keywords: Global Value Chains; Sequential Production; Incomplete Contracts; Demand and Consumers; Customer Value and Value Chain; Globalization
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    • 2017
    • Working Paper

    Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis

    By: Laura Alfaro, Pol Antràs, Davin Chor and Paola Conconi
    In recent decades, advances in information and communication technology and falling trade barriers have led firms to retain within their boundaries and in their domestic economies only a subset of their production stages. A key decision facing firms worldwide is the... View Details
    Keywords: Global Value Chains; Sequential Production; Incomplete Contracts; Demand and Consumers; Customer Value and Value Chain; Globalization
    Related
    • 02 Jun 2021
    • News

    Demonizing "Vulture Capitalists" Will Not Save the Dying Stock Market

    • 16 Dec 2008
    • First Look

    First Look: December 16, 2008

    However, since 2005, S Group has held the leadership position; in 2007, it had captured 41 percent market while Kesko's was 33.9 percent. Kesko Plc is publicly traded and pursues a model whereby retailer entrepreneurs use their personal... View Details
    Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
    • 10 Jul 2000
    • Research & Ideas

    The State of the Markets

    Stock Exchange (NYSE); and Robert C. Gasser, managing director and head of U.S. equities at J. P. Morgan & Co. Financial exchanges today, Seifert began, must have the business systems of a technology company, with the requisite speed and View Details
    Keywords: by James E. Aisner

      Dennis A. Yao

      Dennis Yao is the Lawrence E. Fouraker Professor of Business Administration and Chair of the Doctoral Programs at Harvard Business School. He joined the faculty in 2004 after having been at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. From 1991-1994 he served as... View Details

      Keywords: automotive; defense; federal government; high technology
      • 09 Jun 2021
      • News

      If You Thought the Ever Given Blocking The Suez Canal Was Bad, What’s Coming Could Be Worse

      • 08 Feb 2016
      • News

      Why TPP isn’t the real problem for American jobs