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  • 09 Dec 2002
  • Research & Ideas

Unilever—A Case Study

organizational complexity was compounded by Unilever's wide portfolio of products and by the changes in these products over time. Edible fats, such as margarine, and soap and detergents were the historical origins of Unilever's business, but decades of View Details
Keywords: by Geoffrey Jones; Consumer Products; Entertainment & Recreation; Food & Beverage; Manufacturing; Retail

    Krishna G. Palepu

    KRISHNA G. PALEPU is the Ross Graham Walker Professor of Business Administration, and has served previously as Senior Advisor to the President of Harvard University, and Senior Associate Dean at the... View Details

    Keywords: accounting industry; banking; financial services; information technology industry; pharmaceuticals; retailing

      Nitin Nohria

      Nitin Nohria served as the tenth dean of Harvard Business School from 2010-2020. He previously served as co-chair of the Leadership Initiative, Senior Associate Dean of Faculty Development, and Head of the Organizational Behavior unit.

      As Dean, building on... View Details

      Keywords: accounting industry; arts; biotechnology; emerging market private equity; energy; executive search; financial services; green technology; health care; high technology; industrial goods; information technology industry; infrastructure industry; investment banking industry; legal services; management consulting; manufacturing; oil ＆ gas; petroleum; pharmaceuticals; professional services
      • Web

      California - Global

      adding new subjects, such as math and music. This product line diversification raised several strategic questions: Did Duolingo have the brand license to extend into adjacent subjects? Which areas were the best fit for the app’s growth,... View Details

        Thomas R. Eisenmann

        Thomas R. Eisenmann is the Howard H. Stevenson Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School; Peter O. Crisp Faculty Chair, Harvard Innovation Labs; and Unit Head of the HBS Entrepreneurial... View Details

        Keywords: advertising; broadcasting; communications; computer; e-commerce industry; electronic publishing; electronics; entertainment; fiber optics; high technology; home video games; information technology industry; infrastructure industry; internet; journalism; media; motion pictures; music; publishing industry; semiconductor; software; telecommunications; television; video games
        • 28 Sep 2023
        • News

        What Ray Dalio Can Teach Us About Global Venture and Startups

        Ray Dalio (photo via Bridgewater Associates) and Alex Lazarow (photo by Lindsay Upson) In a recent conversation with Bridgewater Associates Founder Ray Dalio (MBA 1973), Alex Lazarow (MBA 2010) gleaned three insights (and one bonus) from the global hedge fund leader on... View Details

          David J. Collis

          For the past thirty years David J. Collis has been a professor at the Harvard Business School, where he was only the second ever full-time Adjunct Professor appointed. Previously, he was the Thomas Henry Carroll Ford Foundation Adjunct Professor, the MBA Class... View Details

          • 07 Jul 2008
          • Research & Ideas

          Innovation Corrupted: How Managers Can Avoid Another Enron

          Enron was an innovative company, and its downfall can be traced to supreme arrogance bred by considerable success, some extremely poor diversification decisions, and poorly conceived and implemented administrative practices that led, over... View Details
          Keywords: by Martha Lagace; Energy; Utilities
          • Web

          Strategy Curriculum - Faculty & Research

          under Marketing) Ramon Casadesus-Masanell , Tomomichi Amano January 2026 J 3.0 IFC: Saudi Arabia; Economic Diversification Tarun Khanna , Andy Zelleke January 2026 J 3.0 Innovating at Scale Maria Roche Fall 2025 Q1 1.5 Leading a Family... View Details
          • April 2009
          • Article

          Sovereign Wealth in Abu Dhabi

          By: Rawi Abdelal
          By the turn of the century, oil had already made the tiny emirate of Abu Dhabi rich beyond anyone's wildest dreams. A sovereign wealth fund, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA), has invested extra oil revenues abroad for more than thirty years and amassed a... View Details
          Keywords: Development Economics; Financial Management; Investment Funds; Sovereign Finance; Wealth; Diversification; Abu Dhabi
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          • Web

          Topics - HBS Working Knowledge

          Development Economics (33) Diasporas (3) Disruption (22) Disruptive Innovation (27) Distribution Channels (20) Distribution (45) Diversification (1) Diversity (248) Duopoly and Oligopoly (2) Early Childhood Education (2) Earnings... View Details
          • March 2016 (Revised August 2018)
          • Case

          JPMorgan Chase after the Financial Crisis: What Is the Optimal Scope of the Largest Bank in the U.S.?

          By: David Collis and Ashley Hartman
          When Jamie Dimon took over as CEO of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPMorgan Chase) in 2005, he reaffirmed the commitment to pursue a "universal bank" strategy—providing a full range of products and services to both retail and wholesale clients. Yet the merits of the universal... View Details
          Keywords: Scope; Regulatory Reforms; Universal Banking; Synergy; Optimization; Simplification; Finance; Strategy; Business Strategy; Financial Crisis; Consolidation; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry
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            Robert C. Merton

            Robert C. Merton is the School of Management Distinguished Professor of Finance at the MIT Sloan School of Management.

            Merton is University Professor Emeritus at Harvard University and was the George Fisher Baker Professor of... View Details

            Keywords: banking; brokerage; financial services; insurance industry; investment banking industry; retail financial services
            • Web

            Leadership - Faculty & Research

            optimal number of involved and uninvolved members, and how might this interplay with shareholding dynamics? Keywords: Leadership ; Family ; Relationships ; Shareholder ; Conflict ; Involvement ; Family Office ; Family Firms ; View Details
            • March 2022 (Revised February 2023)
            • Case

            Pakistan Rising: Bazaar's Growth Story (A)

            By: Paul A. Gompers and Gamze Yucaoglu
            The case opens in September 2021 as Hamza Jawaid and Saad Jangda, co-founders of Bazaar technologies (Bazaar), the Pakistani high growth B2B e-commerce marketplace, are contemplating whether the year-and-a half old startup should also venture into offering financing to... View Details
            Keywords: B2B; Business Model; Emerging Markets; For-Profit Firms; Strategy; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Value Creation; Globalization; Competition; Expansion; Profit; Resource Allocation; Diversification; Corporate Strategy; Pakistan
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            • January 1994 (Revised November 2002)
            • Case

            Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

            By: Stephen P. Bradley and Pankaj Ghemawat
            Focuses on the evolution of Wal-Mart's remarkably successful discount operations and describes the company's more recent attempts to diversify into other businesses. The company has entered the warehouse club industry with its Sam's Clubs and the grocery business with... View Details
            Keywords: Stocks; Price; Marketing Channels; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Information Technology
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            • 26 Oct 2021
            • Research & Ideas

            What Companies Want Most in a CEO: A Good Listener

            or has declined in recent years. In contrast, demand for social skills has jumped significantly, the study results show. Complex work requires new skills The authors found that demand for social skills depended on the size of firms, the geographic View Details
            Keywords: by Jay Fitzgerald
            • August 2015 (Revised June 2021)
            • Case

            Amazon.com, 2021

            By: John R. Wells, Benjamin Weinstock, Gabriel Ellsworth and Galen Danskin
            In February 2021, Amazon announced 2020 operating profits of $22,899 million, up from $2,233 million in 2015, on sales of $386 billion, up from $107 billion five years earlier (see Exhibit 1). The shareholders expressed their satisfaction (see Exhibit 2), but not all... View Details
            Keywords: Strategic Analysis; Retail; E-commerce; Amazon; Internet; Amazon.com; AmazonFresh; Jeff Bezos; Cloud Computing; Marketplaces; Streaming; E-reader Market; Digital Media; Mobile App; Online Retail; Shipping; Database; Tablet; Kindle; Kindle Fire; Smartphone; Delivery; Digital Platforms; Competition; Internet and the Web; Corporate Strategy; Digital Marketing; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Organization; For-Profit Firms; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Music Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Profit; Revenue; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Taxation; Business History; Human Resources; Resignation and Termination; Books; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Business or Company Management; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices and Processes; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Media; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Order Taking and Fulfillment; Infrastructure; Logistics; Product Development; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Organizational Culture; Public Ownership; Work-Life Balance; Problems and Challenges; Labor and Management Relations; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Integration; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Information Infrastructure; Information Technology; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Price; Applications and Software; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Working Capital; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Retail Industry; Advertising Industry; Distribution Industry; Electronics Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Information Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Motion Pictures and Video Industry; Music Industry; Publishing Industry; Shipping Industry; Technology Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; United States; Washington (state, US); Seattle
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            • March 2017 (Revised December 2018)
            • Case

            Reawakening the Magic: Bob Iger and the Walt Disney Company

            By: David Collis and Ashley Hartman
            Mickey Mouse, Snow White, and Buzz Lightyear strolled down Main Street at the grand opening of Hong Kong Disney in the fall of 2005, pausing to snap selfies with enthusiastic children in Mickey Mouse ears. Bob Iger, newly appointed CEO of The Walt Disney Company,... View Details
            Keywords: Franchise Management; Brand Management; Culture Change; Business Units; Acquisition Strategy; Technological Change; Disney; ESPN; Cord-cutting; Bob Iger; Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Diversification; Integration; Media; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Consumer Products Industry
            Related
            • April 2021
            • Case

            Coca-Cola: Preparing for the Next 100 Years

            By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and James Weber
            In early 2020, James Quincey, the 14th chair of the 133-year old The Coca-Cola Company, was in the midst of a years-long transformation of Coca-Cola from being the leading carbonated soft drink (CSD) beverage company into a total beverage company. The company’s... View Details
            Keywords: Strategy; Diversification; Change Management; Organizational Culture; Environmental Sustainability; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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