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- 2007
- Working Paper
Proprietary vs. Open Two-Sided Platforms and Social Efficiency
By: Andrei Hagiu
This paper identifies a fundamental economic welfare tradeoff between two-sided open platforms and two-sided proprietary (closed) platforms connecting consumers and producers. Proprietary platforms create two-sided deadweight losses through monopoly pricing but at the... View Details
Keywords: Two-Sided Markets; Platforms; Indirect Network Effects; Product Variety; Social Efficiency; Two-Sided Platforms; Network Effects; Welfare or Wellbeing
Hagiu, Andrei. "Proprietary vs. Open Two-Sided Platforms and Social Efficiency." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-095, May 2007.
- July 2007 (Revised March 2008)
- Background Note
Staging Two-Sided Platforms
By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Andrei Hagiu
Firms that aspire to develop two-sided platforms face a formidable challenge. Prospective users on each side will not invest in the platform until they are confident there will be enough users on the other side. Traditional strategies for dealing with this... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Risk Management; Two-Sided Platforms; Supply Chain; Strategy; Retail Industry
Eisenmann, Thomas R., and Andrei Hagiu. "Staging Two-Sided Platforms." Harvard Business School Background Note 808-004, July 2007. (Revised March 2008.)
- 2021
- Working Paper
Exclusive Dealing and Entry by Competing Two-Sided Platforms
By: Cristian Chica, Kenneth Chuk and Jorge Tamayo
We study competition between horizontally differentiated platforms offering exclusive and non-exclusive contracts to one side of the market (content providers). The introduction of non-exclusive contracts in addition to exclusive contracts softens the competition for... View Details
Keywords: Two-Sided Markets; Platform Price Competition; Network Externalities; Exclusive Contracts; Multi-homing; Digital Platforms; Price; Competition; Contracts
Chica, Cristian, Kenneth Chuk, and Jorge Tamayo. "Exclusive Dealing and Entry by Competing Two-Sided Platforms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-092, March 2021. (R&R International Journal of Industrial Organization.)
- June 2007
- Article
Merchant or Two-Sided Platform?
By: Andrei Hagiu
This paper provides a first pass at clarifying the economic tradeoffs between two polar strategies for market intermediation: the "merchant" mode, in which the intermediary buys from sellers and resells to buyers; and the "two-sided platform" mode, under which the... View Details
Hagiu, Andrei. "Merchant or Two-Sided Platform?" Review of Network Economics 6, no. 2 (June 2007): 115–133.
- April 2013
- Article
First-Party Content and Coordination in Two-Sided Markets
By: Andrei Hagiu and Daniel Spulber
The strategic use of first-party content by two-sided platforms is driven by two key factors: the nature of buyer and seller expectations (favorable versus unfavorable) and the nature of the relationship between first-party content and third-party content (complements... View Details
Keywords: Two-sided Platforms; Platform Strategy; Technology; Information Technology; Performance Expectations; Strategy; Digital Platforms
Hagiu, Andrei, and Daniel Spulber. "First-Party Content and Coordination in Two-Sided Markets." Management Science 59, no. 4 (April 2013): 933–949.
- May 2014
- Article
Information and Two-Sided Platform Profits
By: Andrei Hagiu and Hanna Halaburda
We study the effect of different levels of information on two-sided platform profits under monopoly and competition. One side (developers) is always informed about all prices and therefore forms responsive expectations. In contrast, we allow the other side (users) to... View Details
Keywords: Responsive Expectations; Passive Expectations; Wary Expectations; Information; Performance Expectations; Two-Sided Platforms; Monopoly
Hagiu, Andrei, and Hanna Halaburda. "Information and Two-Sided Platform Profits." International Journal of Industrial Organization 34 (May 2014): 25–35.
- 22 Jun 2007
- Working Paper Summaries
Proprietary vs. Open Two-Sided Platforms and Social Efficiency
- 14 May 2009
- Working Paper Summaries
Quantity vs. Quality and Exclusion by Two-Sided Platforms
- Summer 2015
- Article
Investment Incentives in Open-Source and Proprietary Two-Sided Platforms
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Gaston Llanes
We study incentives to invest in platform quality in open-source and proprietary two-sided platforms. Open platforms have open access, and developers invest to improve the platform. Proprietary platforms have closed access, and investment is done by the platform owner.... View Details
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Gaston Llanes. "Investment Incentives in Open-Source and Proprietary Two-Sided Platforms." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 24, no. 2 (Summer 2015): 306–324.
- July 2023
- Article
Marketplace Scalability and Strategic Use of Platform Investment
By: Jin Li, Gary Pisano, Richard Xu and Feng Zhu
The scalability of a marketplace depends on the operations of the marketplace platform as well as its sellers’ capacities. In this study, we explore one strategy that a marketplace platform can use to enhance its scalability: providing an ancillary service to sellers.... View Details
Li, Jin, Gary Pisano, Richard Xu, and Feng Zhu. "Marketplace Scalability and Strategic Use of Platform Investment." Management Science 69, no. 7 (July 2023): 3958–3975.
- 31 Jul 2012
- Working Paper Summaries
Investment Incentives in Proprietary and Open-Source Two-Sided Platforms
- 2009
- Working Paper
Strategic Interactions in Two-Sided Market Oligopolies
By: Emmanuel Farhi and Andrei Hagiu
Strategic interactions between two-sided platforms depend not only on whether their decision variables are strategic complements or substitutes as for one-sided firms, but also -and crucially so- on whether or not the platforms subsidize one side of the market in... View Details
Keywords: Two-Sided Markets; Strategic Complements; Strategic Substitutes; Cost; Investment; Profit; One-Sided Platforms; Two-Sided Platforms; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Competitive Advantage
Farhi, Emmanuel, and Andrei Hagiu. "Strategic Interactions in Two-Sided Market Oligopolies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-011, August 2007. (Revised February 2009.)
- Research Summary
Dynamic Demand Estimation in Platform and Two-Sided Markets
This
paper develops techniques to structurally estimate consumer demand
in general platform-intermediated and two-sided markets. By
estimating both sides of the market simultaneously, the methodology
presented here is able to (1) endogenize the utility of a platform
as... View Details
- Article
Pricing and Commitment by Two-Sided Platforms
By: Andrei Hagiu
Hagiu, Andrei. "Pricing and Commitment by Two-Sided Platforms." RAND Journal of Economics 37, no. 3 (Fall 2006).
- March 2014
- Article
Search Diversion and Platform Competition
By: Andrei Hagiu and Bruno Jullien
Platforms use search diversion in order to trade off total consumer traffic for higher revenues derived by exposing consumers to unsolicited products (e.g., advertising). We show that competition between platforms leads to lower equilibrium levels of search diversion... View Details
Keywords: Market Intermediation; Search; Two-Sided Markets; Platform Design; Platform Competition; Competition; Two-Sided Platforms
Hagiu, Andrei, and Bruno Jullien. "Search Diversion and Platform Competition." International Journal of Industrial Organization 33 (March 2014): 48–60.
- July 2021
- Article
Outsourcing Tasks Online: Matching Supply and Demand on Peer-to-Peer Internet Platforms
By: Zoë Cullen and Chiara Farronato
We study the growth of online peer-to-peer markets. Using data from TaskRabbit, an expanding marketplace for domestic tasks at the time of our study, we show that growth varies considerably across cities. To disentangle the potential drivers of growth, we look... View Details
Keywords: Two-sided Market; Two-sided Platforms; Peer-to-peer Markets; Platform Strategy; Sharing Economy; Platform Growth; Internet and the Web; Digital Platforms; Strategy; Market Design; Network Effects
Cullen, Zoë, and Chiara Farronato. "Outsourcing Tasks Online: Matching Supply and Demand on Peer-to-Peer Internet Platforms." Management Science 67, no. 7 (July 2021): 3985–4003.
- 21 Jun 2007
- Working Paper Summaries
Merchant or Two-Sided Platform?
- June 2016 (Revised March 2017)
- Technical Note
Disintermediation in Two-Sided Marketplaces
By: Benjamin Edelman and Philip Hu
Two-sided marketplaces often risk disintermediation: users may rely on the marketplace to find each other but then perform related future transactions—or even the current transaction—without the platform’s involvement and without paying any fees the platform may... View Details
Keywords: Disintermediation; Strategic Behavior; Circumvention; Undercutting; Uber; Airbnb; Handy; Upwork; Etsy; eBay; Monster.com; Google; Competitive Strategy; Multi-Sided Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Transportation Industry; Accommodations Industry; Service Industry; Advertising Industry
Edelman, Benjamin, and Philip Hu. "Disintermediation in Two-Sided Marketplaces." Harvard Business School Technical Note 917-004, June 2016. (Revised March 2017.) (request a courtesy copy.)
- 9 Jun 2019 - 11 Jun 2019
- Conference Presentation
Disrupting the Disruptors or Enhancing Them? How Blockchain Re-Shapes Two-Sided Platforms
By: Daniel Trabucchi, Antonella Moretto, Tommaso Buganza and Alan MacCormack
Trabucchi, Daniel, Antonella Moretto, Tommaso Buganza, and Alan MacCormack. "Disrupting the Disruptors or Enhancing Them? How Blockchain Re-Shapes Two-Sided Platforms." Paper presented at the 26th Innovation and Product Development Management Conference, European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management, Leicester, UK, June 9–11, 2019.
- Article
Two-Sided Platforms: Product Variety and Pricing Structures
By: Andrei Hagiu
This paper provides a new modeling framework to analyze two-sided platforms connecting producers and consumers. In contrast to the existing literature, indirect network effects are determined endogenously, through consumers' taste for variety and producer competition.... View Details
Keywords: Pricing Structure; Indirect Network Effects; Product Variety; Price; Network Effects; Two-Sided Platforms; Product; Renting or Rental; Competition
Hagiu, Andrei. "Two-Sided Platforms: Product Variety and Pricing Structures ." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 18, no. 4 (Winter 2009).