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  • All HBS Web  (79)
    • Faculty Publications  (21)

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    • All HBS Web  (79)
      • Faculty Publications  (21)

      Syndicated MarketsRemove Syndicated Markets →

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      • January 2025
      • Case

      Arsenal Capital Partners' Refinancing of Pinnacle

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Srimayi Mylavarapu
      Arsenal Capital Partners’ portfolio company, Pinnacle, a leading producer of high-performance adhesive technologies, has experienced rapid growth under Arsenal’s ownership. Over just two years, Pinnacle's EBITDA increased from $13.5 million to $60 million. By mid-2021,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Exit or Shutdown; Decision Choices and Conditions; Private Equity; Financing and Loans; Growth Management
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Srimayi Mylavarapu. "Arsenal Capital Partners' Refinancing of Pinnacle." Harvard Business School Case 225-075, January 2025.
      • April–May 2024
      • Article

      Gone with the Big Data: Institutional Lender Demand for Private Information

      By: Jung Koo Kang
      I explore whether big-data sources can crowd out the value of private information acquired through lending relationships. Institutional lenders have been shown to exploit their access to borrowers’ private information by trading on it in financial markets. As a shock... View Details
      Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Markets; Value; Knowledge Dissemination; Financing and Loans
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      Kang, Jung Koo. "Gone with the Big Data: Institutional Lender Demand for Private Information." Art. 101663. Journal of Accounting & Economics 77, nos. 2-3 (April–May 2024).
      • March 2023
      • Article

      Not from Concentrate: Collusion in Collaborative Industries

      By: Jordan M. Barry, John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers and Richard Lowery
      The chief principle of antitrust law and theory is that reducing market concentration—having more, smaller firms instead of fewer, bigger ones—reduces anticompetitive behavior. We demonstrate that this principle is fundamentally incomplete.

      In many... View Details
      Keywords: Antitrust; Antitrust Law; Antitrust Theory; Law And Economics; Collusion; Collaboration; Collaborative Industries; Regulation; "Repeated Games"; IPOs; Initial Public Offerings; Underwriters; Real Estate; Real Estate Agents; Realtors; Syndicated Markets; Syndication; Brokers; Market Concentration; Competition; Law; Economics; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Game Theory; Initial Public Offering
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      Barry, Jordan M., John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, and Richard Lowery. "Not from Concentrate: Collusion in Collaborative Industries." Iowa Law Review 108, no. 3 (March 2023): 1089–1148.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Issuance and Design of Sustainability-linked Loans

      By: Maria Loumioti and George Serafeim
      Sustainability-linked loans (i.e., syndicated loans for which pricing is linked to a sustainability performance indicator) have rapidly evolved into a significant private debt product. We find that sustainability-linked lending has been available mostly to borrowers... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Sustainability Management; Credit Products; Loan Contracts; Loans; Corporate Finance; Credit Risk; Environment; ESG; ESG Ratings; Climate Change; Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Risk and Uncertainty; Credit
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      Loumioti, Maria, and George Serafeim. "The Issuance and Design of Sustainability-linked Loans." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-027, November 2022.
      • Article

      CDS Trading and Nonrelationship Lending Dynamics

      By: Jung Koo Kang, Christopher Williams and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman
      We investigate how credit default swaps (CDSs) affect lenders’ incentives to initiate new lending relationships. We predict that CDSs reduce adverse selection that nonrelationship lead arrangers face when competing for loans. Consistently, we find that a loan is... View Details
      Keywords: Credit Default Swaps; CDS Market; Non-relationship Lending; Debt Contracts; Adverse Selection; Lending Monitoring; Cross-selling
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      Kang, Jung Koo, Christopher Williams, and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman. "CDS Trading and Nonrelationship Lending Dynamics." Review of Accounting Studies 26, no. 1 (March 2021): 258–292.
      • October 2020
      • Article

      Collusion in Markets with Syndication

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery and Jordan M. Barry
      Markets for IPOs and debt issuances are syndicated, in the sense that a bidder who wins a contract may invite losing bidders to join a syndicate that together fulfills the contract. We show that in markets with syndication, standard intuitions from industrial... View Details
      Keywords: Collusion; Antitrust; IPO Underwriting; Syndication; "Repeated Games"; Markets; Game Theory
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery, and Jordan M. Barry. "Collusion in Markets with Syndication." Journal of Political Economy 128, no. 10 (October 2020).
      • Working Paper

      Measuring the Perceived Liquidity of the Corporate Bond Market

      By: Sergey Chernenko and Adi Sunderam
      We propose a novel measure of bond market liquidity that does not depend on transaction data: the strength of the cross-sectional relationship between mutual fund cash holdings and fund flow volatility. Our measure captures how liquid funds perceive their portfolio... View Details
      Keywords: Bond Market; Bonds; Financial Liquidity; Measurement and Metrics
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      Chernenko, Sergey, and Adi Sunderam. "Measuring the Perceived Liquidity of the Corporate Bond Market." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27092, May 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Myth of the Lead Arranger’s Share

      By: Kristian Blickle, Quirin Fleckenstein, Sebastian Hillenbrand and Anthony Saunders
      We make use of Shared National Credit Program (SNC) data to examine syndicated loans in which the lead arranger retains no stake. We find that the lead arranger sells its entire loan share for 27 percent of term loans and 48 percent of Term B loans, typically shortly... View Details
      Keywords: Syndicated Loans; Lead Arrangers; Financing and Loans
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      Blickle, Kristian, Quirin Fleckenstein, Sebastian Hillenbrand, and Anthony Saunders. "The Myth of the Lead Arranger’s Share." Working Paper, May 2020.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Collusion in Markets with Syndication

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery and Jordan M. Barry
      Many markets, including markets for IPOs and debt issuances, are syndicated: each winning bidder invites competitors to join its syndicate to complete production. Using repeated extensive form games, we show that collusion in syndicated markets may become easier as... View Details
      Keywords: Collusion; Antitrust; IPO Underwriting; Syndication; "Repeated Games"
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery, and Jordan M. Barry. "Collusion in Markets with Syndication." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-009, July 2017. (Revised June 2019.)
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Collusion in Markets with Syndication

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Kominers and Richard Lowery
      Markets for IPOs and debt issuances are syndicated, in the sense that a bidder who wins a contract may invite losing bidders to join a syndicate that together fulfills the contract. We show that in markets with syndication, standard intuitions from... View Details
      Keywords: Collusion; Antitrust; IPO Underwriting; Syndication; "Repeated Games"
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Kominers, and Richard Lowery. "Collusion in Markets with Syndication." Working Paper, November 2016.
      • October 2013 (Revised November 2018)
      • Background Note

      Note on the Leveraged Loan Market

      By: Victoria Ivashina
      This note provides an introduction to the process of loan syndication and the evolution of the leveraged loan market. The note emphasizes the role of banks as loan originators and the evolution of the institutional investors' entry into the leveraged loan market. In... View Details
      Keywords: Financing and Loans; Banks and Banking
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      Ivashina, Victoria. "Note on the Leveraged Loan Market." Harvard Business School Background Note 214-047, October 2013. (Revised November 2018.)
      • October 2013 (Revised November 2013)
      • Case

      Blackstone and the Sale of Citigroup's Loan Portfolio

      By: Victoria Ivashina and David Scharfstein
      The credit boom that preceded the 2007-2009 financial crisis led to several lending practices that exposed banks to large risks. In particular, when the financial crisis unraveled, there were several billion dollars' worth of leveraged buyout (LBO) loans that were... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Private Equity; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Credit Derivatives and Swaps; Financial Markets; Investment; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and David Scharfstein. "Blackstone and the Sale of Citigroup's Loan Portfolio." Harvard Business School Case 214-037, October 2013. (Revised November 2013.)
      • October 2012
      • Article

      Securitization without Adverse Selection: The Case of CLOs

      By: Effi Benmelech, Jennifer Dlugosz and Victoria Ivashina
      In this paper, we investigate whether securitization was associated with risky lending in the corporate loan market by examining the performance of individual loans held by CLOs. We employ two different datasets that identify loan holdings for a large set of CLOs and... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Finance; Performance; Markets; Banks and Banking; Debt Securities; Investment Portfolio; Financing and Loans
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      Benmelech, Effi, Jennifer Dlugosz, and Victoria Ivashina. "Securitization without Adverse Selection: The Case of CLOs." Journal of Financial Economics 106, no. 1 (October 2012): 91–113.
      • April 2011
      • Case

      Porcini's Pronto: "Great Italian cuisine without the wait!"

      By: James L. Heskett and Richard Luecke
      Porcini's Inc. operates a chain of 23 full-service restaurants located near shopping malls and downtown areas in the northeastern United States. Known for providing excellent service, Porcini's serves high-quality Italian cuisine made from fresh ingredients. Looking... View Details
      Keywords: Franchising; Syndication; Quantitative Analysis; Performance Measurement; Human Resource Management; Incentives; Motivation; Consumer Behavior; Measurement and Metrics; Quality; Customer Value and Value Chain; Selection and Staffing; Expansion; Business Growth and Maturation; Service Delivery; Franchise Ownership; Customer Focus and Relationships; Product Marketing; Food and Beverage Industry; Service Industry; Northeastern United States
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      Heskett, James L., and Richard Luecke. Porcini's Pronto: "Great Italian cuisine without the wait!". Harvard Business School Brief Case 114-277, April 2011.
      • April 2011
      • Teaching Note

      Porcini's Pronto: "Great Italian cuisine without the wait!" (Brief Case)

      By: James L. Heskett and Richard Luecke
      Teaching Note to 4277. View Details
      Keywords: Franchising; Syndication; Quantitative Analysis; Performance Measurement; Human Resource Management; Incentives; Motivation; Management; Motivation and Incentives; Consumer Behavior; Mathematical Methods; Franchise Ownership; Human Resources; Performance Evaluation
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      Heskett, James L., and Richard Luecke. Porcini's Pronto: "Great Italian cuisine without the wait!" (Brief Case). Harvard Business School Teaching Note 114-278, April 2011.
      • April 2011
      • Supplement

      Porcini's Pronto: 'Great Italian cuisine without the wait!', Spreadsheet Supplement (Brief Case)

      By: James L. Heskett and Richard Luecke
      Keywords: Franchising; Syndication; Quantitative Analysis; Performance Measurement; Human Resource Management; Incentives; Motivation; Motivation and Incentives; Analysis; Consumer Behavior; Franchise Ownership; Human Resources; Performance Evaluation
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      Heskett, James L., and Richard Luecke. "Porcini's Pronto: 'Great Italian cuisine without the wait!', Spreadsheet Supplement (Brief Case)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 114-280, April 2011.
      • March 2011
      • Article

      Institutional Demand Pressure and the Cost of Corporate Loans

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Zheng Sun
      Between 2001 and 2007, annual institutional funding in highly leveraged loans went up from $32 billion to $426 billion, accounting for nearly 70% of the jump in total syndicated loan issuance over the same period. Did the inflow of institutional funding in the... View Details
      Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Financial Crisis; Credit; Debt Securities; Financing and Loans; Interest Rates; Investment
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Zheng Sun. "Institutional Demand Pressure and the Cost of Corporate Loans." Journal of Financial Economics 99, no. 3 (March 2011): 500–522.
      • June 2010 (Revised November 2013)
      • Case

      Momentive Performance Materials, Inc.

      By: Victoria Ivashina and David Scharfstein
      After nearly violating its loan covenants in 2009, Momentive Performance Materials, backed by its financial sponsor Apollo Global Management, took a variety of actions to restructure its debt. The restructuring steps included an open market repurchase of publicly held... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Private Equity; Financing and Loans
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and David Scharfstein. "Momentive Performance Materials, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 210-081, June 2010. (Revised November 2013.)
      • March 2003
      • Article

      Creditor Rights, Enforcement, and Debt Ownership Structure: Evidence from the Global Syndicated Loan Market

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and William L. Megginson
      Keywords: Rights; Borrowing and Debt; Ownership; Markets; Global Range; Financing and Loans
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and William L. Megginson. "Creditor Rights, Enforcement, and Debt Ownership Structure: Evidence from the Global Syndicated Loan Market." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 38, no. 1 (March 2003): 37–59.
      • 2002
      • Working Paper

      Legal Risk as a Determinant of Syndicate Structure in the Project Finance Loan Market

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and William L. Megginson
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Project Finance; Financing and Loans; Legal Liability
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and William L. Megginson. "Legal Risk as a Determinant of Syndicate Structure in the Project Finance Loan Market." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 02-067, March 2002.
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