Publications

October 2007 (Revised January 2009)
Background Note

Analyzing Relative Costs

By: Hanna Halaburda and Jan W. Rivkin

Introduces students to the technique of relative cost analysis, a core technique of strategists. Among the intricate quantitative analyses that strategists undertake, relative cost analysis may be the most common. The goal of a relative cost analysis is simply to... View Details

Keywords: Cost; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Mathematical Methods; Competition; Competitive Advantage

October 2016 (Revised March 2022)
Background Note

Cost Variance Analysis

By: Robert S. Kaplan and Susanna Gallani

This note was written to provide students with fundamental concepts and methods for the analysis of cost variances. It focuses on the decomposition of cost variances into price, quantity, and mix variance components, an approach that allows students to identify the... View Details

Keywords: Cost Accounting

December 1994
Background Note

Cost System Analysis

By: Robert S. Kaplan

Describes six characteristics of cost systems: standard vs. actual costs; job-order vs. process costing; variable vs. full costs; disaggregate vs. aggregate cost accumulation; and specific vs. average rates for labor and overhead. A rewritten version of an earlier... View Details

Keywords: Cost; Analysis; System

March 2019
Article

A Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Analysis of Emergency Department Scribes

By: Robert S. Kaplan, Heather A. Heaton, David M. Nestler, William J. Barry, Richard A. Helmers, Mustafa Y. Sir, Deepi G. Goyal, Derek A. Haas and Annie T. Sadosty

Objectives: To apply time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) methodology to determine emergency medicine physician documentation costs with and without scribes.

Methods: Two research assistants shadowed attending physicians for a total of 64 hours in the... View Details

Keywords: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Health Care and Treatment; Analysis

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September 2004
Article

Relative Explanatory Power of Agency Theory and Transaction Cost Analysis in German Salesforces

By: Manfred Krafft, Sönke Albers and Rajiv Lal

Keywords: Theory; Cost; Sales; Employees; Germany

1986
Chapter

Strategic Cost Analysis

By: Robert S. Kaplan

Keywords: Cost Accounting; Strategy

November 1980 (Revised December 1982)
Background Note

Cost Systems Analysis

January 1996
Background Note

Standard Costs and Variance Analysis

In an introduction to standard costs and cost variances, discussion, formulae, and examples explore the idea of comparing actual costs to those that were expected. View Details

Keywords: Cost Accounting

2019
Article

Time-Driven Activity-Based Cost Analysis for Outpatient Anticoagulation Therapy: Direct Costs in a Primary Care Setting with Optimal Performance

By: Robert S. Kaplan, Rohit A. Bobade, Richard A. Helmers, Thomas M. Jaeger, Laura J. Odell and Derek A. Haas

Objectives: To determine how overall cost of anticoagulation therapy for warfarin compares with that of Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs). Also, to demonstrate a scientific, comprehensive, and an analytical approach to estimate direct costs involved in monitoring and... View Details

Keywords: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Activity Based Costing and Management; Health Care and Treatment; Analysis

October 1985
Background Note

Pension Cost Accounting and Analysis

By: David F. Hawkins

Keywords: Cost Accounting

January 2020
Case

Hurtigruten: Sailing into Warm Water?

By: Jan W. Rivkin and Kerry Herman

As this case opens in 2019, CEO Daniel Skjeldam and his team have successfully reinvigorated Hurtigruten, a storied but struggling Norwegian ferry and cruise operator, and have established it as the leading provider of polar expedition cruises. They now face a critical... View Details

Keywords: Relative Cost Analysis; Market Attractiveness; Diversification; Decision Making; Expansion; Tourism Industry; Norway

October 1984 (Revised July 1989)
Background Note

Cost Analysis for Business Decisions

June 1983 (Revised April 1988)
Background Note

Management Accounting, Part VI, Manufacturing Cost Variance Analysis

August, 2022
Article

Billing and Insurance-Related Administrative Costs: A Cross-National Analysis

By: Barak D. Richman, Robert S. Kaplan, Japees Kohli, Dennis Purcell, Mahek Shah, Igna Bonfrer, Brian Golden, Rosemary Hannam, Will Mitchell, Daniel Cehic, Garry Crispin and Kevin A. Schulman

Billing and insurance-related costs are a significant source of wasteful health care spending in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development nations, but these administrative burdens vary across national systems. We executed a microlevel accounting of these... View Details

Keywords: Health Care Costs; Administrative Costs; Cost; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry

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March 2006
Background Note

A Note on Applying Dimensional Analysis to Understand Cost Drivers

Describes the basics of how to break down costs into productivity and input prices and then compare those cost drivers between competitors. View Details

Keywords: Cost Accounting; Competitive Strategy

April 2021
Article

Utilizing Time-driven Activity-based Costing to Determine Open Radical Cystectomy and Ileal Conduit Surgical Episode Cost Drivers

By: Janet Baack Kukreja, Mohamed A. Seif, Marissa W. Merry, James R. Incalcaterra, Ashish M. Kamat, Colin P. Dinney, Jay B. Shah, Thomas W. Feeley and Neema Navai

Objectives
Patients undergoing radical cystectomy represent a particularly resource-intensive patient population. Time-driven activity based costing (TDABC) assigns time to events and then costs are based on the people involved in providing care for specific... View Details

Keywords: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Value-based Healthcare; Health Care and Treatment; Cost; Cost vs Benefits; Analysis

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Article

TDABC Cost Analysis of Ocular Disorders in an Ophthalmology Emergency Department versus Urgent Care: Clinical Experience at Massachusetts Eye and Ear

By: Robert S. Kaplan, Jonathan Chou, Mahek Shah, Amy Watts, Matthew Gardiner, Joan Miller and John I. Lowenstein

Purpose To perform a cost analysis comparison for managing common ocular disorders in an eye emergency department (ED) versus an urgent care setting using a time-driven activity-based cost model (TDABC) to assist physicians and staff in appropriate allocation of... View Details

Keywords: Time-driven Activity-based Cost Model; Emergency Room; Urgent Care Clinic; Cost; Analysis; Activity Based Costing and Management; Health Care and Treatment

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Article

Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing for Surgical Episodes

By: Peter Najjar, Matt Strickland and Robert S. Kaplan

Health care costs related to surgical care account for 40% of all hospital and physician spending. Payers attempting to contain costs are replacing fee-for-service with value-based payment schemes that can encompass entire episodes of care, including physician services... View Details

Keywords: Surgery; Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Bundled Payments; Health Care and Treatment; Cost Management