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  • All HBS Web  (87)
    • News  (12)
    • Research  (63)
  • Faculty Publications  (36)

Show Results For

  • All HBS Web  (87)
    • News  (12)
    • Research  (63)
  • Faculty Publications  (36)
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  • October 2005 (Revised February 2010)
  • Background Note

Calculating Free Cash Flows

By: Robin Greenwood and David S. Scharfstein
Outlines the mechanics of calculating free cash flows from historical and proforma financial statements. Focuses on the mechanical process of transforming numbers from financial forecasts into cash flows. View Details
Keywords: Financial Statements; Forecasting and Prediction; Cash Flow; Mathematical Methods
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Greenwood, Robin, and David S. Scharfstein. "Calculating Free Cash Flows." Harvard Business School Background Note 206-028, October 2005. (Revised February 2010.)
  • January 2003 (Revised November 2003)
  • Case

Is Free Cash Flow Better?

By: David F. Hawkins and Jacob Cohen
Examines a free cash flow analysis of financial performance. View Details
Keywords: Cash Flow; Performance
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Hawkins, David F., and Jacob Cohen. "Is Free Cash Flow Better?" Harvard Business School Case 103-048, January 2003. (Revised November 2003.)
  • August 2000 (Revised July 2002)
  • Background Note

Fundamental Enterprise Valuation: Free Cash Flow

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
A technical note that defines free cash flow (FCF). View Details
Keywords: Business Ventures; Valuation; Cash Flow
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Fundamental Enterprise Valuation: Free Cash Flow." Harvard Business School Background Note 801-126, August 2000. (Revised July 2002.)
  • February 1996
  • Exercise

Free Cash Flow Valuation Problem Set

By: William A. Sahlman and Andrew S. Janower
Free cash flow valuation problems: 1) build a simple pro forma, 2) value a public company's stock, and 3) evaluate a proposed LBO. View Details
Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Cash Flow; Public Ownership; Problems and Challenges; Valuation
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Sahlman, William A., and Andrew S. Janower. "Free Cash Flow Valuation Problem Set." Harvard Business School Exercise 396-269, February 1996.
  • August 2013
  • Background Note

A Simple Free Cash Flow Valuation Model

By: William A. Sahlman
Explores some of the issues involved in valuing cash flow streams. A simple model is presented that reveals the effect on value of changing assumptions about the appropriate discount rate, the level of profitability, the growth rate of sales, the asset intensity ratio,... View Details
Keywords: Cash Flow; Valuation
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Sahlman, William A. "A Simple Free Cash Flow Valuation Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 814-027, August 2013.
  • October 23, 2003
  • Article

Avoiding Free Cash Flow Traps

By: David Hawkins
Keywords: Cash Flow
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Hawkins, David. "Avoiding Free Cash Flow Traps." Accounting Bulletin, no. 123 (October 23, 2003).
  • October 1987 (Revised January 2013)
  • Background Note

Note on Free Cash Flow Valuation Models

By: William A. Sahlman
Explores some of the issues involved in valuing cash flow streams. A simple model is presented that reveals the effect on value of changing assumptions about the appropriate discount rate, the level of profitability, the growth rate of sales, the asset intensity ratio,... View Details
Keywords: Cash Flow; Valuation
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Sahlman, William A. "Note on Free Cash Flow Valuation Models." Harvard Business School Background Note 288-023, October 1987. (Revised January 2013.)
  • May 1995 (Revised October 1995)
  • Background Note

Introduction to Cash Flow Valuation Methods

By: Richard S. Ruback
Provides an introduction to three cash flow valuation methods. The three methods differ in their measure of cash flows and the discount rate applied to those cash flows. The names for the three methods correspond to the type of cash flow that is used in the valuation:... View Details
Keywords: Cash Flow; Valuation
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Ruback, Richard S. "Introduction to Cash Flow Valuation Methods." Harvard Business School Background Note 295-155, May 1995. (Revised October 1995.)
  • November 2015
  • Exercise

GenapSys Exercise - Introduction to Free Cash Flow Curves

By: Shikhar Ghosh, Joseph B. Fuller and Christopher Payton
Exercise to accompany "GenapSys: Business Models for the Genome" View Details
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Ghosh, Shikhar, Joseph B. Fuller, and Christopher Payton. "GenapSys Exercise - Introduction to Free Cash Flow Curves." Harvard Business School Exercise 816-701, November 2015.
  • September 2000
  • Article

Regulatory Free Cash Flow and the High Cost of Insurance Company Failures

By: Brian Hall
Keywords: Cash Flow; Cost; Insurance; Failure; Insurance Industry
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Hall, Brian. "Regulatory Free Cash Flow and the High Cost of Insurance Company Failures." Journal of Risk and Insurance 67, no. 3 (September 2000): 415–438.
  • September 2006
  • Article

Discussion of 'Overinvestment of Free Cash Flow'

Keywords: Investment; Cash Flow
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"Discussion of 'Overinvestment of Free Cash Flow' ." Review of Accounting Studies 11, nos. 2-3 (September 2006): 191–202.
  • 1994
  • Chapter

The Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow: Corporate Finance and Takeovers

By: Michael Jensen
Keywords: Cost; Cash Flow; Acquisition; Corporate Finance
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Jensen, Michael. "The Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow: Corporate Finance and Takeovers." In Management Buy-Outs, edited by Mike Wright and Keith Bradley, series editor, pp. 3–9. International Library of Management. England and Vermont: Dartmouth Publishing, 1994. (Also in AER, Vol. 76, No. 2 (May, 1986); abridged in Simon Management Rev, (Win, 1986); & forthcoming in Jensen, Management Revolution: The Legacy of the Market for Corporate Control, Harvard University Press.)
  • January 2018
  • Case

OldTown Berhad

By: Benjamin C. Esty and Greg Saldutte
In December 2017, Jacobs Douwe Egberts (JDE, a Dutch coffee company) made an offer to acquire OldTown Berhad (OTB), a Malaysian coffee company. Three large shareholders, representing more than half of the outstanding shares, have agreed to tender their shares, and... View Details
Keywords: Mergers & Acquisitions; Discounted Cash Flow (DCF); Malaysia; Coffee; Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG); Free Cash Flow (FCF); Multiples; Bidding Premia; Netherlands; Tender Offer; Mergers and Acquisitions; Valuation; Value Creation; Food; Investment Return; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Malaysia; Netherlands; Singapore; Asia
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Esty, Benjamin C., and Greg Saldutte. "OldTown Berhad." Harvard Business School Case 218-058, January 2018.
  • January 2018
  • Supplement

OldTown Berhad

By: Benjamin C. Esty and Greg Saldutte
In December 2017, Jacobs Douwe Egberts (JDE, a Dutch coffee company) made an offer to acquire OldTown Berhad (OTB), a Malaysian coffee company. Three large shareholders, representing more than half of the outstanding shares, have agreed to tender their shares and... View Details
Keywords: Mergers & Acquisitions; Discounted Cash Flow (DCF); Malaysia; Coffee; Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG); Free Cash Flow (FCF); Multiples; Bidding Premia; Netherlands; Tender Offer; Mergers and Acquisitions; Valuation; Value Creation; Food; Investment Return; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Malaysia; Netherlands; Singapore; Asia
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Esty, Benjamin C., and Greg Saldutte. "OldTown Berhad." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 218-714, January 2018.
  • January 2018 (Revised April 2021)
  • Case

Capital Allocation at HCA

By: W. Carl Kester and Emily R. McComb
In early 2017, HCA Holdings, an investor-owned hospital management company, faced a strategically important capital allocation decision. After the exit of its private equity sponsors in 2016, HCA had to determine how best to allocate its substantial annual free cash... View Details
Keywords: Capital Allocation; Cash Distribution Policy; Dividends; Share Repurchases; Growth Strategy And Execution; Growth Investing; Capital Expenditures; Debt Management; Debt Reduction; Debt Policy; Hospital Management; Investor-owned Hospital Chains; Capital Budgeting; Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Corporate Finance; Decision Choices and Conditions; Health Industry; United States
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Kester, W. Carl, and Emily R. McComb. "Capital Allocation at HCA." Harvard Business School Case 218-039, January 2018. (Revised April 2021.)
  • August 2000 (Revised July 2002)
  • Background Note

Fundamental Enterprise Valuation: Introduction

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The purpose of this series of notes is to define the key "drivers" of the fundamental value of equity and to illustrate how these drivers determine the future cash flows and the "present value pattern" of the underlying common stock. The series includes one technical... View Details
Keywords: Equity; Cash Flow; Valuation; Investment; Investment Return; Cost; Capital
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Fundamental Enterprise Valuation: Introduction." Harvard Business School Background Note 801-121, August 2000. (Revised July 2002.)
  • March 1989 (Revised October 1994)
  • Case

Philip Morris Companies and Kraft, Inc.

By: Richard S. Ruback
Gives students the opportunity to explore the effect of substantial free cash flow on corporate acquisition and operating strategies. Students are also given the opportunity to extract information from the common stock prices of the participating firms. A variety of... View Details
Keywords: Cash Flow; Strategic Planning; Acquisition; Strategy; Restructuring; Valuation; Stocks
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Ruback, Richard S. "Philip Morris Companies and Kraft, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 289-045, March 1989. (Revised October 1994.)
  • February 1984 (Revised February 1986)
  • Case

E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.: Titanium Dioxide

By: W. Carl Kester, Robert R. Glauber, David W. Mullins Jr. and Stacy S. Dick
Disequilibrium in the $350 million TiO2 market has prompted Du Pont's Pigments Department to develop two strategies for competing in this market in the future. The growth strategy has a smaller internal rate of return than the alternative strategy due to large capital... View Details
Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Cash Flow; Investment Return; Growth and Development Strategy; Strategic Planning; Projects; Chemical Industry
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Kester, W. Carl, Robert R. Glauber, David W. Mullins Jr., and Stacy S. Dick. "E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.: Titanium Dioxide." Harvard Business School Case 284-066, February 1984. (Revised February 1986.)
  • February 1992 (Revised July 1992)
  • Background Note

Note on Cross-Border Valuation

By: W. Carl Kester and Julia Morley
Provides a fundamental technical review of valuation techniques used to assess cross-border investments. Discusses the discounting of free cash flows with a weighted average cost of capital, the use of adjusted present value, and the importance of considering real... View Details
Keywords: Valuation; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues
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Kester, W. Carl, and Julia Morley. "Note on Cross-Border Valuation." Harvard Business School Background Note 292-084, February 1992. (Revised July 1992.)
  • January 2022
  • Background Note

Residual Income Valuation Model

By: Charles C.Y. Wang and Albert Shin
This note explains the residual income valuation model (RIM), how it relates to "traditional" valuation models, the intuition behind its use, and empirical research related to its value relevance. RIM is theoretically equivalent to the dividend discount model and the... View Details
Keywords: Residual Income Valuation; Valuation; Research; Theory; Measurement and Metrics; Performance; Financial Management; Business Strategy
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Wang, Charles C.Y., and Albert Shin. "Residual Income Valuation Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 122-070, January 2022.
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