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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(1,424)
- People (5)
- News (267)
- Research (802)
- Events (7)
- Multimedia (8)
- Faculty Publications (458)
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- 2017
- Working Paper
Empowering Bureaucracy: Achieving Non-Hierarchical Control and Employee Autonomy Through Dynamic Formal Roles
By: Michael Lee
Hierarchy and formal structure are conventionally viewed as two tightly coupled dimensions of organization design. As organizations move from more hierarchical to less hierarchical authority structures, they also tend to reduce formal structure. However, organic... View Details
- August 2017
- Article
A Formal Theory of Strategy
What makes a decision strategic? When is strategy most important? This paper formally studies these questions, starting from a (functional) definition of strategy as “the smallest set of choices to optimally guide (or force) other choices.” The paper shows that this... View Details
Van den Steen, Eric J. "A Formal Theory of Strategy." Management Science 63, no. 8 (August 2017): 2616–2636.
- 30 Apr 2011
- News
Formal Authority Is Overrated
- October 1969 (Revised May 1988)
- Supplement
Norton Co. (B): Formal Planning System
By: Francis Aguilar
Keywords: Planning
Aguilar, Francis. "Norton Co. (B): Formal Planning System." Harvard Business School Supplement 114-003, October 1969. (Revised May 1988.)
- 23 Feb 2010
- News
Social Enterprise formalized In Mass.
- 1985
- Book
Power and Influence: Beyond Formal Authority
By: J. P. Kotter
Keywords: Power and Influence
Kotter, J. P. Power and Influence: Beyond Formal Authority. New York: Free Press, 1985.
- December 1969 (Revised May 1988)
- Case
Norton Co. (A): Formal Planning System
By: Francis Aguilar
Aguilar, Francis. "Norton Co. (A): Formal Planning System." Harvard Business School Case 114-002, December 1969. (Revised May 1988.)
- December 1969 (Revised April 1988)
- Case
Norton Co. (C): Formal Planning System
By: Francis Aguilar
Aguilar, Francis. "Norton Co. (C): Formal Planning System." Harvard Business School Case 114-019, December 1969. (Revised April 1988.)
- 09 Apr 2019
- Working Paper Summaries
Formal Employment and Organized Crime: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from Colombia
- 10 Feb 2015
- News
Firms need a formal code of conduct
- August 2023
- Article
Formal Employment and Organized Crime: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from Colombia
By: Gaurav Khanna, Carlos Medina, Anant Nyshadham, Jorge Tamayo and Nicolas Torres
Safety net programs, common in settings with high informality like Latin America, often use a means test to establish eligibility. We ask: in settings in which organised crime provides lucrative opportunities in the informal market, will discouraging formal employment... View Details
Khanna, Gaurav, Carlos Medina, Anant Nyshadham, Jorge Tamayo, and Nicolas Torres. "Formal Employment and Organized Crime: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from Colombia." Economic Journal 133 (August 2023): 2427–2448.
- Article
Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?
By: Robert Gibbons and Robert S. Kaplan
Agency theorists, historically, have analyzed what kinds of performance measures should be used in formal incentive contracts. For example, after Kaplan-Norton proposed a balanced scorecard of both financial and non-financial measures, some envisioned its role only in... View Details
Keywords: Relational Contracts; Performance Measurement; Informal Management; Balanced Scorecard; Economics; Mathematical Methods
Gibbons, Robert, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?" American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 105, no. 5 (May 2015).
- August 2003 (Revised December 2003)
- Background Note
Formalizing Business Relationships: Note on Contract Formation for Managers
Equips managers with a basic understanding of how to use contracts to define, formalize, and strengthen business relationships. Explains how managers can use properly structured contracts to increase predictability; to create or preserve valuable legal, financial, and... View Details
Bagley, Constance E. "Formalizing Business Relationships: Note on Contract Formation for Managers." Harvard Business School Background Note 804-004, August 2003. (Revised December 2003.)
- September–October 2013
- Article
Discretion Within Constraint: Homophily and Structure in a Formal Organization
By: Adam M. Kleinbaum, Toby E. Stuart and Michael Tushman
Homophily in social relations results from both individual preferences and selective opportunities for interaction, but how these two mechanisms interact in large, contemporary organizations is not well understood. We argue that organizational structures and geography... View Details
Keywords: Familiarity; Interpersonal Communication; Information Technology; Organizational Structure; Social and Collaborative Networks; Gender; Information Technology Industry
Kleinbaum, Adam M., Toby E. Stuart, and Michael Tushman. "Discretion Within Constraint: Homophily and Structure in a Formal Organization." Organization Science 24, no. 5 (September–October 2013): 1316–1336.
- 1998
- Chapter
Changing Formal and Informal Structure to Enhance Organizational Knowledge
By: T. Thompson and Kathleen L. Valley
Thompson, T., and Kathleen L. Valley. "Changing Formal and Informal Structure to Enhance Organizational Knowledge." In Strategic Flexibility: Managing in a Turbulent Environment, edited by G. Hamel, C. K. Prahalad, H. Thomas, and D. O'Neal, 137–154. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
- January 1970 (Revised November 1970)
- Case
Coca-Cola Co. (B): Formal Planning at the Corporate Level
By: Francis Aguilar
Aguilar, Francis. "Coca-Cola Co. (B): Formal Planning at the Corporate Level." Harvard Business School Case 370-072, January 1970. (Revised November 1970.)
- 1997
- Working Paper
Changing Formal and Informal Structure to Enhance Organizational Knowledge
By: Tracy A. Thompson and Kathleen L. McGinn
- 2005
- Report
Enterprise Formality and the Role of Local Government in Vietnam
By: Markus David Taussig and Pham Thi Thu Hang
Taussig, Markus David, and Pham Thi Thu Hang. "Enterprise Formality and the Role of Local Government in Vietnam." Report, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2005.
- 2011
- Working Paper
Discretion Within the Constraints of Opportunity: Gender Homophily and Structure in a Formal Organization
By: Adam M. Kleinbaum, Toby E. Stuart and Michael L. Tushman
Homophily in social relations is widely documented. We know that homophily results from both individual preferences and uneven opportunities for interaction, but how these two mechanisms interact in formal organizations is not well understood. We argue that... View Details
Keywords: Interactive Communication; Analytics and Data Science; Organizational Structure; Partners and Partnerships; Behavior; Internet and the Web; Theory; Information Technology Industry
Kleinbaum, Adam M., Toby E. Stuart, and Michael L. Tushman. "Discretion Within the Constraints of Opportunity: Gender Homophily and Structure in a Formal Organization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-050, December 2011.
- 27 Jan 2012
- Working Paper Summaries