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- All HBS Web
(821)
- People (1)
- News (190)
- Research (475)
- Events (4)
- Multimedia (3)
- Faculty Publications (260)
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- March 2022
- Article
Loan Types and the Bank Lending Channel
By: Victoria Ivashina, Luc Laeven and Enrique Moral-Benito
Using credit-registry data for Spain and Peru, we document that four main types of commercial credit—asset-based loans, cash flow loans, trade finance and leasing—are easily identifiable and represent the bulk of corporate credit. We show that credit growth dynamics... View Details
Keywords: Bank Credit; Loan Types; Bank Lending Channel; Credit Registry; Banks and Banking; Credit; Financing and Loans
Ivashina, Victoria, Luc Laeven, and Enrique Moral-Benito. "Loan Types and the Bank Lending Channel." Journal of Monetary Economics 126 (March 2022): 171–187.
- May 2012 (Revised July 2012)
- Case
Credit Unions: The Future of the Cooperative Financial Institution
By: Robert C. Pozen and Grace Hou
Credit unions are a specialized type of depository institution with a cooperative, non-profit structure and a federal tax exemption. They originated as small, cooperative institutions with an emphasis on uncollateralized consumer lending to the unbanked... View Details
Pozen, Robert C., and Grace Hou. "Credit Unions: The Future of the Cooperative Financial Institution." Harvard Business School Case 312-131, May 2012. (Revised July 2012.)
- 11 Dec 2012
- News
Measuring Bank Credit Supply
- 2011
- Teaching Note
China Merchants Bank in Transition (TN)
By: F. Warren McFarlan, Guoqing Chen and Ziqian Zhao
This case depicts China Merchants Bank's second strategic transformation. In the 90's, China Merchants Bank creatively introduced an all-in-one-card and an all-in-one-net based on IT systems and network, enabling itself to expand nationwide. By successfully entering... View Details
Keywords: Commercial Banks; Credit Cards; Strategy; Transformations; China; Banking; Information Technology; Banking Industry; China
McFarlan, F. Warren, Guoqing Chen, and Ziqian Zhao. "China Merchants Bank in Transition (TN)." Tsinghua University Teaching Note, 2011.
- 2011
- Case
China Merchants Bank in Transition
By: F. Warren McFarlan, Guoqing Chen and Ziqian Zhao
This case depicts China Merchants Bank's second strategic transformation. In the 90's, China Merchants Bank creatively introduced an all-in-one-card and an all-in-one-net based on IT systems and network, enabling itself to expand nationwide. By successfully entering... View Details
Keywords: Commercial Banks; Credit Cards; Strategy; Transformations; Information Technology; Banking Industry; China
McFarlan, F. Warren, Guoqing Chen, and Ziqian Zhao. "China Merchants Bank in Transition." Tsinghua University Case, 2011.
- Article
Large Banks and Small Firm Lending
By: Vitaly Bord, Victoria Ivashina and Ryan D. Taliaferro
We examine the long-lasting effects of the 2007 real estate price collapse on small business credit supply. Banks affected by the decline in real estate prices systematically contracted their credit to small firms. At the same time, regional and local banks, many of... View Details
Keywords: Small Firms; Credit Supply; Banking Competition; Small Business; Credit; Financial Crisis; Banks and Banking; Competition
Bord, Vitaly, Victoria Ivashina, and Ryan D. Taliaferro. "Large Banks and Small Firm Lending." Journal of Financial Intermediation 48 (October 2021).
- July 1990
- Background Note
Note on Acquiring Bank Credit
By: Amar Bhide and Howard H. Stevenson
Outlines the issues and alternatives faced by start-up businesses in attracting bank credit. The topics covered are how to lay the groundwork for establishing a banking relationship, selecting a bank, preparing an application, and negotiating a loan. View Details
Bhide, Amar, and Howard H. Stevenson. "Note on Acquiring Bank Credit." Harvard Business School Background Note 391-010, July 1990.
- 2020
- Working Paper
The Effects of Information on Credit Market Competition: Evidence from Credit Cards
By: C. Fritz Foley, Agustin Hurtado, Andres Liberman and Alberto Sepulveda
We show empirically that public credit information increases competition in credit markets. We access data that cover all credit card borrowers in Chile and include details about relationship borrowers have with each lender. We exploit a natural experiment whereby a... View Details
Keywords: Consumer Credit; Financial Intermediaries; Credit; Information; Competition; Credit Cards; Financial Institutions
Foley, C. Fritz, Agustin Hurtado, Andres Liberman, and Alberto Sepulveda. "The Effects of Information on Credit Market Competition: Evidence from Credit Cards." Working Paper, February 2020.
- August 2015
- Article
Dollar Funding and the Lending Behavior of Global Banks
By: Victoria Ivashina, David S. Scharfstein and Jeremy C. Stein
A large share of dollar-denominated lending is done by non-U.S. banks, particularly European banks. We present a model in which such banks cut dollar lending more than euro lending in response to a shock to their credit quality. Because these banks rely on wholesale... View Details
Keywords: Banks; Global Banks; Credit Supply; Dollar Funding; International Finance; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry
Ivashina, Victoria, David S. Scharfstein, and Jeremy C. Stein. "Dollar Funding and the Lending Behavior of Global Banks." Quarterly Journal of Economics 130, no. 3 (August 2015): 1241–1281.
- November 2001 (Revised August 2005)
- Case
BigEast Bank (A): Credit Card Approval
By: Frances X. Frei and Dennis Campbell
BigEast is considering adopting a relationship-centric view in its credit card approval process. This would shift the bank's current practice of analyzing applications based on the merits of a single product to one where the customer's existing relationship is... View Details
Keywords: Customers; Forecasting and Prediction; Banks and Banking; Analytics and Data Science; Managerial Roles; Relationships; Adoption; Banking Industry
Frei, Frances X., and Dennis Campbell. "BigEast Bank (A): Credit Card Approval." Harvard Business School Case 602-098, November 2001. (Revised August 2005.)
Bank Capital and the Growth of Private Credit
We show that business development companies (BDCs) — closed-end funds that provide a significant share of nonbank loans to middle market firms — are very well capitalized according to bank capital frameworks. They have median risk-based capital ratios of about 36% and,... View Details
- March 2021
- Article
On the Direct and Indirect Real Effects of Credit Supply Shocks
By: Laura Alfaro, Manuel García-Santana and Enrique Moral-Benito
We explore the real effects of bank-lending shocks and how they permeate the economy through buyer-supplier linkages. We combine administrative data on all Spanish firms with a matched bank-firm-loan dataset of all corporate loans from 2003 to 2013 to estimate... View Details
Keywords: Credit Supply Shocks; Bank Lending Channel; Input-output Linkages; Output; Mechanisms; Trade Credits; Price Effects; Economics; Credit; System Shocks; Employment; Investment; Spain
Alfaro, Laura, Manuel García-Santana, and Enrique Moral-Benito. "On the Direct and Indirect Real Effects of Credit Supply Shocks." Journal of Financial Economics 139, no. 3 (March 2021): 895–921.
- 2025
- Working Paper
Bank Capital and the Growth of Private Credit
By: Sergey Chernenko, Robert Ialenti and David Scharfstein
We show that business development companies (BDCs)—closed-end funds that provide a
significant share of nonbank loans to middle market firms—are very well capitalized according
to bank capital frameworks. They have median risk-based capital ratios of about 36%... View Details
Chernenko, Sergey, Robert Ialenti, and David Scharfstein. "Bank Capital and the Growth of Private Credit." Working Paper, March 2025.
- March 2010 (Revised May 2012)
- Case
Bank of America: Mobile Banking
By: Sunil Gupta and Kerry Herman
In January 2010, Jen McDonald, head of Bank of America Corporation's (BAC) Digital Marketing group, was discussing the bank's mobile strategy with Douglas Brown, senior vice president, Mobile Product Development. BAC launched mobile banking in 2007 and within three... View Details
Keywords: Marketing; Digital Marketing; Financial Services; Mobile Banking; Channels; Strategy; Banks and Banking; Marketing Strategy; Service Delivery; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Banking Industry; United States
Gupta, Sunil, and Kerry Herman. "Bank of America: Mobile Banking." Harvard Business School Case 510-063, May 2012. (Revised from original March 2010 version.)
- 2019
- Working Paper
Do Banks Have an Edge?
By: Juliane Begenau and Erik Stafford
Overall, no! We show that the level and time series variation in cash flows for most bank activities are well matched by capital market portfolios with similar interest rate and credit risk to what banks report to hold. Ignoring operating expenses, bank loans earn high... View Details
Keywords: Banks; Market Efficiency; Bank Capital; Bank Debt; CAPM; Banking; Bank Deposits; Bank Funding Advantage; Leverage; Maturity Transformation; Replicating Portfolio; Efficiency; Banks and Banking; Capital Markets; Performance Evaluation; Performance Efficiency; Banking Industry; United States
Begenau, Juliane, and Erik Stafford. "Do Banks Have an Edge?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-060, January 2018. (Revised October 2019.)
- 2016
- Working Paper
The Attenuating Effect of Banking Relationships on Credit Market Disruption
By: Stefan Dimitriadis and Mike Horia Teodorescu
This article examines how the relationship between banks and corporations moderates the effect of credit market disruptions. The 2008-09 financial crisis led to a dramatic restriction in the supply of credit to corporations via the syndicated loan market... View Details
- 19 Aug 2019
- News
Why banks should explain the fine print on credit cards
- July 1992
- Case
Bank One and Increased Consumer Credit
Greyser, Stephen A. "Bank One and Increased Consumer Credit." Harvard Business School Case 593-004, July 1992.
- April 2015
- Article
Incentivizing Calculated Risk-Taking: Evidence from an Experiment with Commercial Bank Loan Officers
By: Shawn Cole, Martin Kanz and Leora Klapper
This paper uses a series of experiments with commercial bank loan officers to test the effect of performance incentives on risk assessment and lending decisions. We first show that while high-powered incentives lead to greater screening effort and more profitable... View Details
Keywords: Banking; Management Processes; Credit Products; Experimental Economics; Risk Management; Motivation and Incentives; Management Practices and Processes; Financing and Loans; Banking Industry
Cole, Shawn, Martin Kanz, and Leora Klapper. "Incentivizing Calculated Risk-Taking: Evidence from an Experiment with Commercial Bank Loan Officers." Journal of Finance 70, no. 2 (April 2015): 537–575.