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- All HBS Web
(9,460)
- Faculty Publications (1,456)
- Article
Reflections: Toward a Normative and Actionable Theory of Planned Organizational Change and Development
By: Michael Beer
A normative and actionable theory of planned organizational change and development is proposed based on fifty years of engagement by the author as a scholar-consultant. Five principles are central features of the theory and practice proposed: 1) Organizations are... View Details
Keywords: Consultant; Process; Systems; Silence; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Leadership; Learning; Management Teams
Beer, Michael. "Reflections: Toward a Normative and Actionable Theory of Planned Organizational Change and Development." Journal of Change Management 21, no. 1 (2021).
- Article
Resilience vs. Vulnerability: Psychological Safety and Reporting of Near Misses with Varying Proximity to Harm in Radiation Oncology
By: Palak Kundu, Olivia Jung, Amy C. Edmondson, Nzhde Agazaryan, John Hegde, Michael Steinberg and Ann Raldow
Background
Psychological safety, a shared belief that interpersonal risk taking is safe, is an important determinant of incident reporting. However, how psychological safety affects near-miss reporting is unclear, as near misses contain contrasting cues that... View Details
Psychological safety, a shared belief that interpersonal risk taking is safe, is an important determinant of incident reporting. However, how psychological safety affects near-miss reporting is unclear, as near misses contain contrasting cues that... View Details
Kundu, Palak, Olivia Jung, Amy C. Edmondson, Nzhde Agazaryan, John Hegde, Michael Steinberg, and Ann Raldow. "Resilience vs. Vulnerability: Psychological Safety and Reporting of Near Misses with Varying Proximity to Harm in Radiation Oncology." Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 47, no. 1 (January 2021): 15–22.
- December 2020 (Revised March 2025)
- Case
Responsive Working at PepsiCo UK (A): Designing a Turnaround
By: Amy C. Edmondson and Nancy Boghossian Staples
Facing a significant decline in revenues in 2016, David Gwilliam, Head of Transformation at PepsiCo UK introduced a new way of working (“Responsive Working”), which encompasses a set of work practices and some new team structures. The work practices comprise a set of 9... View Details
Keywords: SLAM Teams; Turnaround; Groups and Teams; Employees; Training; Decision Making; Planning; Performance Improvement; Consumer Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; United Kingdom; Europe
Edmondson, Amy C., and Nancy Boghossian Staples. "Responsive Working at PepsiCo UK (A): Designing a Turnaround." Harvard Business School Case 621-076, December 2020. (Revised March 2025.)
- 2020
- Other Teaching and Training Material
REMOTE—A Framework for Teaching Online
By: Ayelet Israeli
This article explains the REMOTE Teaching and Learning framework. I developed this framework to synthesize key insights and learnings about the digital classroom. Whether you are new to teaching online or have taught online before, this framework provides helpful... View Details
Israeli, Ayelet. "REMOTE—A Framework for Teaching Online." Harvard Business Publishing, 2020.
- Article
Incorporating the Arts to Create Technical Leaders of the Future
By: Linda A. Hill
Engineering education should be reimagined to create a new generation of technical leaders prepared to dream, invent, and steward the future. These leaders of tomorrow will need to bridge business, engineering, and the arts. View Details
Hill, Linda A. "Incorporating the Arts to Create Technical Leaders of the Future." The Bridge 50, no. S (Winter 2020). (Special 50th Anniversary Issue edited by Ronald M. Latanision.)
- November 2020 (Revised September 2021)
- Case
BRAC in 2020
By: Tarun Khanna and Shreya Ramachandran
In 2020, the largest non-governmental organization in the world, BRAC, headquartered in Dhaka, Bangladesh, has some big problems to tackle. Its founder, Sir Fazle Hasan Abed, has left behind a challenge: take the 1981-founded organization from Bangladesh to every... View Details
Keywords: Social Enterprise; Education; Health; Social Issues; Poverty; Programs; Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Global Strategy; Education Industry; Education Industry; Bangladesh; South Asia
Khanna, Tarun, and Shreya Ramachandran. "BRAC in 2020." Harvard Business School Case 721-416, November 2020. (Revised September 2021.)
- 2020
- Other Teaching and Training Material
Encouraging Student Participation Online—and Assessing It Fairly: Techniques and Methods to Involve More Voices in Virtual Classes
By: Ayelet Israeli
This article is about encouraging student participation online—and assessing it fairly. It includes techniques and methods to involve more voices in virtual classes, and evaluate them equitably and fairly. View Details
Israeli, Ayelet. "Encouraging Student Participation Online—and Assessing It Fairly: Techniques and Methods to Involve More Voices in Virtual Classes." Harvard Business Publishing, 2020. Electronic.
- November 2020 (Revised January 2021)
- Supplement
Bridge International Academies in 2020: Battling Headwinds to Solve Africa's Education Problems
By: Caroline M. Elkins, Tarun Khanna and Joyce J. Kim
By 2020, Bridge International Academies and its "school in a box" model had achieved great scale. By leveraging digital technology and public-private partnerships, they had reached one million children across Africa and India through hundreds of schools. However, the... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship In Africa; Entrepreneurship In Emerging Markets; Bottom Of The Pyramid; Education In Africa; Scale; Partnerships; Education; Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Health Pandemics; Problems and Challenges; Education Industry; Africa
Elkins, Caroline M., Tarun Khanna, and Joyce J. Kim. "Bridge International Academies in 2020: Battling Headwinds to Solve Africa's Education Problems." Harvard Business School Supplement 521-048, November 2020. (Revised January 2021.)
- 2020
- Working Paper
Determinants of Early-Stage Startup Performance: Survey Results
To explore determinants of new venture performance, the CEOs of 470 early-stage startups were surveyed regarding a broad range of factors related to their venture’s customer value proposition, product management, marketing, technology and operations, financial... View Details
Keywords: Startups; Survey Research; Performance Analysis; Entrepreneurship; Performance; Analysis; Business Startups; Failure; Surveys
Eisenmann, Thomas R. "Determinants of Early-Stage Startup Performance: Survey Results." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-057, October 2020.
- November 2020
- Case
Guild Education: Unlocking Opportunity for America's Workforce
By: William A. Sahlman, Michael D. Smith, Nicole Tempest Keller and Alpana Thapar
Founded in 2015, Guild Education is an education marketplace that connects employers and universities to provide employees with ‘education as a benefit.’ The Denver-based company is transforming traditional tuition assistance programs by facilitating direct payment by... View Details
Keywords: Education; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Employees; Social Enterprise; Education Industry; Education Industry; Colorado
Sahlman, William A., Michael D. Smith, Nicole Tempest Keller, and Alpana Thapar. "Guild Education: Unlocking Opportunity for America's Workforce." Harvard Business School Case 821-050, November 2020.
- November 2020
- Article
Tackling Youth Unemployment: Evidence from a Labor Market Experiment in Uganda
By: Livia Alfonsi, Oriana Bandiera, Vittorio Bassi, Robin Burgess, Imran Rasul, Munshi Sulaiman and Anna Vitali
We design a labor market experiment to compare demand- and supply-side policies to tackle youth unemployment, a key issue in low-income countries. The experiment tracks 1700 workers and 1500 firms over four years to compare the effect of offering workers either... View Details
Alfonsi, Livia, Oriana Bandiera, Vittorio Bassi, Robin Burgess, Imran Rasul, Munshi Sulaiman, and Anna Vitali. "Tackling Youth Unemployment: Evidence from a Labor Market Experiment in Uganda." Econometrica 88, no. 6 (November 2020): 2369–2414.
- October 2020
- Case
Michael Phelps: 'It's Okay to Not Be Okay'
By: Boris Groysberg, Carin-Isabel Knoop and Michael Norris
In 2020, Michael Phelps, the most decorated Olympian of all time, with 28 medals in various swimming events, was now retired. As he looked back on his 20+ year athletic career, he considered what had gone into making him the greatest of all time—the highs and lows,... View Details
Keywords: Mental Health; Talent and Talent Management; Training; Health; Success; Performance Improvement; Personal Development and Career; Family and Family Relationships; Sports; Competition; Sports Industry; United States; Baltimore; Arizona; Sydney; Athens; Beijing; London
Groysberg, Boris, Carin-Isabel Knoop, and Michael Norris. "Michael Phelps: 'It's Okay to Not Be Okay'." Harvard Business School Case 421-044, October 2020.
- October 2020 (Revised August 2025)
- Case
Divesting Harvard's Endowment
By: Daniel Green, Luis M. Viceira and Holly Fetter
By early 2020 Harvard University was facing growing pressure from students, faculty, and alumni to divest its $40 billion endowment of financial stakes in fossil fuel producers. Its previous policy of avoiding the issue was quickly becoming outdated—$21 trillion of... View Details
Keywords: Divestment; Harvard University; ESG; Higher Education; Investment Portfolio; Environmental Sustainability; Strategy; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
Green, Daniel, Luis M. Viceira, and Holly Fetter. "Divesting Harvard's Endowment." Harvard Business School Case 221-009, October 2020. (Revised August 2025.)
- 2020
- Book
China and Europe on the New Silk Road: Connecting Universities Across Eurasia
By: Marijk C. van der Wende, William C. Kirby, Nian Cai Liu and Simon Marginson
The global order, based on international governance and multilateral trade mechanisms in the aftermath of the Second World War, is changing rapidly and creating waves of uncertainty. This is especially true in higher education, a field increasingly built on... View Details
van der Wende, Marijk C., William C. Kirby, Nian Cai Liu, and Simon Marginson, eds. China and Europe on the New Silk Road: Connecting Universities Across Eurasia. Oxford University Press, 2020.
- 2020
- Chapter
Introduction: China's Rise and the New Silk Road in Global Context
By: William C. Kirby, Marijk C. van der Wende, Nian Cai Liu and Simon Marginson
The introduction prefaces how an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars from Europe, China, the USA, Russia, and Australia investigate how academic mobility and cooperation is taking shape along the New Silk Road and what difference it will make, if any,... View Details
Kirby, William C., Marijk C. van der Wende, Nian Cai Liu, and Simon Marginson. "Introduction: China's Rise and the New Silk Road in Global Context." Chap. Intro of China and Europe on the New Silk Road: Connecting Universities Across Eurasia, edited by Marijk C. van der Wende, William C. Kirby, Nian Cai Liu, and Simon Marginson, 1–17. Oxford University Press, 2020.
- October 2020
- Article
IQ from IP: Simplifying Search in Portfolio Choice
By: Huaizhi Chen, Lauren Cohen, Umit Gurun, Dong Lou and Christopher J. Malloy
Using a novel database that tracks web traffic on the SEC’s EDGAR servers between 2004 and 2015, we show that mutual fund managers gather information on a very particular subset of firms and insiders, and their surveillance is very persistent over time. This tracking... View Details
Keywords: Tracked Trades; Return Predictability; Institutional Trading; Insider Trading; Institutional Investing; Information; Investment Portfolio; Decisions; Management
Chen, Huaizhi, Lauren Cohen, Umit Gurun, Dong Lou, and Christopher J. Malloy. "IQ from IP: Simplifying Search in Portfolio Choice." Journal of Financial Economics 138, no. 1 (October 2020): 118–137. (Winner of the First Prize, Crowell Memorial Award for Best Paper in Quantitative Investments, PanAgora Asset Management, 2019.)
- October 2020
- Case
PraDigi Open Learning: Transforming Rural India
By: John J-H Kim and Malini Sen
Pratham is a non-governmental organization, focusing on high-quality, low-cost and replicable interventions to address gaps in the Indian education system. Co-founder Madhav Chavan is interested in using technology for education but differed in the way it is used in... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Social Entrepreneurship; Education; Information Technology; Learning; Growth and Development Strategy; Non-Governmental Organizations; Social Issues; Education Industry; India; Asia
Kim, John J-H, and Malini Sen. "PraDigi Open Learning: Transforming Rural India." Harvard Business School Case 321-022, October 2020.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Targeting for Long-Term Outcomes
By: Jeremy Yang, Dean Eckles, Paramveer Dhillon and Sinan Aral
Decision makers often want to target interventions so as to maximize an outcome that is observed only in the long term. This typically requires delaying decisions until the outcome is observed or relying on simple short-term proxies for the long-term outcome. Here we... View Details
Keywords: Targeted Marketing; Optimization; Churn Management; Marketing; Customer Relationship Management; Policy; Learning; Outcome or Result
Yang, Jeremy, Dean Eckles, Paramveer Dhillon, and Sinan Aral. "Targeting for Long-Term Outcomes." Working Paper, October 2020.
- 2020
- Chapter
The International Origins and Global Aspirations of Chinese Universities: Along the New Silk Road
By: William C. Kirby
Kirby, William C. "The International Origins and Global Aspirations of Chinese Universities: Along the New Silk Road." Chap. 1 in China and Europe on the New Silk Road: Connecting Universities Across Eurasia, edited by Marijk C. van der Wende, William C. Kirby, Nian Cai Liu, and Simon Marginson, 18–32. Oxford University Press, 2020.
- September 2020
- Case
Wladimir Klitschko: F.A.C.E. Your Challenges
By: Boris Groysberg, Michael Norris and Carin-Isabel Knoop
In 2020, Olympic goal medal winning boxer and former heavyweight world champion Wladimir Klitschko had built himself a “second ring” to continue his career after retiring from professional boxing. He was a hotelier, boxing promoter, author, teacher, speaker, and had... View Details
Keywords: Experience and Expertise; Business Education; Training; Entrepreneurship; Personal Development and Career; Sports; Education Industry; Education Industry; Education Industry; Ukraine; Germany
Groysberg, Boris, Michael Norris, and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Wladimir Klitschko: F.A.C.E. Your Challenges." Harvard Business School Case 421-032, September 2020.