In one of the first in-depth studies to focus on minorities who have made it to the top, Breaking Through examines the crucial connection between corporate culture and the advancement of people of color. American companies may tout their equal opportunity initiatives, but with 95% of all executive-level positions in the United States held by white males, most of these programs clearly fall far short of their goals when it comes to diversifying upper management. Yet, even in the face of such overwhelming odds, some minority executives do break through to the highest leadership ranks. What can we learn from these success stories? The often surprising conclusions drawn by authors Thomas and Gabarro represent important milestones both for the study of organizational practice and for minorities planning their own course of professional achievement. Here are the determining factors--both individual and organizational--that correspond to the advancement of minority executives to the highest levels.
David A. Thomas
Naylor Fitzhugh Professor of Business Administration, Emeritus
Naylor Fitzhugh Professor of Business Administration, Emeritus
David Thomas is H. Naylor Fitzhugh Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School. His research addresses issues related to executive development, cultural diversity in organizations, leadership and organizational change. He recently served as a professor of management at Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business, where he served as dean from 2011 to 2016.
During his tenure as dean, he created a culture committed to creating transformational educational experiences that prepare students to become principled and globally minded leaders poised to serve both business and society.
He joined Georgetown McDonough in 2011 following a two-decade career at Harvard Business School. While there Thomas enhanced academic and professional opportunities for the school’s undergraduate and graduate students, including a curriculum redesign and expansion of career management activities for MBA students and the addition of the Global Business Experience and an Office of Professional Development for undergraduates. He also increased the diversity of faculty and staff, launched new research initiatives and increased research funding, grew Executive Education program revenues by 400 percent, and grew the school’s endowment and increased philanthropic giving, ending the school’s capital campaign $30 million above its $100 million fundraising goal.
Partnering with the Washington, D.C., community while at Georgetown McDonough, Thomas was a member of the Federal City Council, and in 2014, the Washington Business Journal recognized him as a top Minority Business Leader.
Thomas received a bachelor’s degree, as well as masters and doctoral degrees in Organizational Behavior, from Yale University. He also holds a master’s in Organizational Psychology from Columbia University. He currently is a member of the Board of Governors for the American Red Cross, the Board of Directors of DTE Energy, and the Estoril Conferences Advisory Board. He also is an industry advisor for Brightwood Capital Advisors.
- Featured Work
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- Books
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- Roberts, Laura Morgan, Anthony J. Mayo, and David A. Thomas, eds. Race, Work, and Leadership: New Perspectives on the Black Experience. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2019. View Details
- Childress, Stacey M., Dennis Doyle, and David A. Thomas. Leading for Equity: The Pursuit of Excellence in the Montgomery County Public Schools. Cambridge: Harvard Education Press, 2009. (Foreword by David Gergen.) View Details
- Thomas, D. A., and John J. Gabarro. Breaking Through: The Making of Minority Executives in Corporate America. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1999. View Details
- Journal Articles
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- Ely, Robin, and David A. Thomas. "Getting Serious About Diversity: Enough Already with the Business Case." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 6 (November–December 2020): 114–122. (Winner, McKinsey Best Paper Award, 2021. Winner, Academy of Management, Organizational Behavior Division, Outstanding Practitioner-Orientated Publication in OB, 2021.) View Details
- Roberts, Laura Morgan, Anthony Mayo, Robin Ely, and David Thomas. "Beating the Odds: Leadership Lessons from Senior African-American Women." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 2 (March–April 2018): 126–131. View Details
- Ely, Robin J., Irene Padavic, and David A. Thomas. "Racial Diversity, Racial Asymmetries, and Team Learning Environment: Effects on Performance." Organization Studies 33, no. 3 (March 2012): 341–362. View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Diversity as Strategy." Harvard Business Review 82, no. 9 (September 2004). View Details
- Kochan, T., K. Bezrukova, R. Ely, S. Jackson, A. Joshi, K Jehn, J. Leonard, D. Levine, and D. Thomas. "The Effects of Diversity on Business Performance: Report of the Diversity Research Network." Human Resource Management 42, no. 1 (spring 2003): 3–21. View Details
- Ely, R. J., and D. A. Thomas. "Cultural Diversity at Work: The Moderating Effects of Work Group Perspectives on Diversity." Administrative Science Quarterly 46, no. 2 (June 2001): 229–273. (Winner of Administrative Science Quarterly Award for Scholarly Contribution Given annually for the most significant paper in the field of organization studies published in ASQ five years earlier.) View Details
- Higgins, M. C., and D. A. Thomas. "Constellations and Careers: Toward Understanding the Effects of Multiple Developmental Relationships." Journal of Organizational Behavior 22, no. 3 (May 2001). View Details
- Thomas, David A. "The Truth About Mentoring Minorities: Race Matters." Harvard Business Review 79, no. 4 (April 2001): 98–112. View Details
- Thomas, D. A., and Suzy Wetlaufer. "A Question of Color: A Debate on Race in the U.S. Workplace." Harvard Business Review 75, no. 5 (September–October 1997): 118–132. View Details
- Thomas, D. A., and Robin Ely. "Making Differences Matter: A New Paradigm for Managing Diversity." Harvard Business Review 74, no. 5 (September–October 1996): 79–90. View Details
- Thomas, D. A. "Doing Diversity: Effectively Managing Identity Group Difference in Organization." Business Ethics Forum 7 (1994): 23–32. View Details
- Thomas, D. A. "The Dynamics of Managing Racial Diversity in Developmental Relationships." Administrative Science Quarterly 38, no. 2 (June 1993): 169–194. View Details
- Thomas, D. A., and D. Evans. "Debate: A Response to the Business of Equal Opportunity by Reginald Dickerson." Harvard Business Review 70, no. 2 (March–April 1992). View Details
- Thomas, D. A. "The Impact of Race on Managers' Experiences of Developmental Relationships." Journal of Organizational Behavior 2, no. 4 (November 1990): 479–492. View Details
- Book Chapters
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- Ramarajan, Lakshmi, and David A. Thomas. "A Positive Approach to Studying Diversity in Organizations." Chap. 41 in The Oxford Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship, edited by Kim S. Cameron and Gretchen M. Spreitzer, 552–565. Oxford University Press, 2011. View Details
- Thomas, D. A., and Karen Proudford. "Theory for Practice: Making Sense of Race Relations in Organizations." In Addressing Cultural Issues in Organizations: Beyond the Corporate Context, edited by R. Carter. Sage Publications, 1999. View Details
- Thomas, D. A. "Mentoring and Diversity in Organizations: The Importance of Race and Gender in Work Relationships." In Diversity in the Workplace: Issues and Perspectives, edited by A. Daly. NASW Press, National Association of Social Workers, 1999. View Details
- Thomas, D. A. "Beyond the Simple Demography-Power Hypothesis: How Blacks in Power Influence Whites to Mentors Blacks." In Mentoring Dilemmas: Developmental Relationships within Multicultural Organizations, edited by A. Murrell, F. Crosby, and R. Ely. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1999. View Details
- Thomas, D., and M. C. Higgins. "Mentoring and the Boundaryless Career: Lessons from the Minority Experience." In Boundaryless Careers: A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era, edited by M. B. Arthur and D. M. Rousseau. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. View Details
- Thomas, D. A. "A Workshop Design for Teaching Diversity." In Teaching Diversity and the Management School Curriculum, edited by B. Ferdmon. American Association of Collegiate Schools of Business, 1994. View Details
- Thomas, D. A. "Mentoring and Irrationality: The Role of Racial Taboos." In The Psychodynamics of Organizations, edited by L. Hirschorn and C. K. Barnett. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993. View Details
- Thomas, D. A. "Application Work in Group Dynamics Instruction." In Groups in Context: A New Perspective on Group Dynamics, edited by J. Gillette and M. McCollum. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1990. View Details
- Thomas, D. A., and Clayton P. Alderfer. "The Influence of Race on Career Dynamics." In Handbook of Career Theory, edited by M. Arthur, D. T. Hall, and B. Lawrence. Cambridge University Press, 1989. View Details
- Thomas, D. A., and Kathy E. Kram. "Promoting Career-Enhancing Relationships in Organization: The Role of the Human Resource Professional." In Career Growth and Human Resource Strategies, edited by M. London and E. Mone. Quorum Books, 1988. View Details
- Thomas, D. A., and Clayton P. Alderfer. "The Significance of Race and Ethnicity for Understanding Organizational Behavior." In Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 3 vols. Edited by C. Cooper. John Wiley & Sons, 1988. View Details
- Working Papers
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- Hill, Andrew, and David A. Thomas. "Reversing the Queue: Performance, Legitimacy, and Minority Hiring." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-032, September 2010. View Details
- Akinola, Modupe, and David A. Thomas. "Defining the Attributes and Processes that Enhance the Effectiveness of Workforce Diversity Initiatives in Knowledge Intensive Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-019, September 2006. (Revised August 2008.) View Details
- Blake-Beard, Stacy, Audrey Murrell, and David Thomas. "Unfinished Business: The Impact of Race on Understanding Mentoring Relationships." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 06-060, June 2006. View Details
- Ely, Robin J., and David A. Thomas. "Team Learning and the Radical Diversity-Performance Link." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 05-026, October 2004. View Details
- Ely, Robin J., and David A. Thomas. "Learning from Diversity: The Effects of Learning on Performance in Racially Diverse Teams." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 04-017, October 2003. View Details
- Higgins, Monica C., and David A. Thomas. "Constellations and Careers: Toward Understanding the Effects of Multiple Developmental Relationships." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 97-080, February 1999. View Details
- Ely, Robin J., and David A. Thomas. "Paradigms and Pitfalls: Constructions of How Demography Affects Work." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 98-094, April 1998. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Karen L. Proudford. "Making Sense of Race Relations in Organizations: Theories for Practice." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 97-086, May 1997. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Monica C. Higgins. "Mentoring and the Boundaryless Career: Lessons from Minority Experience." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 97-020, September 1996. View Details
- Cases and Teaching Materials
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- Thomas, David A., and Stephanie J. Creary. "Renewing GE: The Africa Project (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 412-028, July 2011. (Revised August 2011.) View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Stephanie J. Creary. "Renewing GE: The Africa Project (A)." Harvard Business School Case 411-093, April 2011. (Revised July 2011.) View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Stephanie J. Creary. "Shifting the Diversity Climate: The Sodexo Solution." Harvard Business School Case 412-020, July 2011. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Stephanie J. Creary. "Teach Plus: Mobilizing a New Generation of Teacher Leaders." Harvard Business School Case 412-027, July 2011. View Details
- Groysberg, Boris, David A. Thomas, and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld. "Keeping Google 'Googley'." Harvard Business School Case 409-039, September 2008. (Revised July 2011.) View Details
- Groysberg, Boris, David A. Thomas, and Jennifer M. Tydlaska. "oDesk: Changing How the World Works." Harvard Business School Case 411-078, February 2011. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Elisa Farri. "Shar Matin (A)." Harvard Business School Case 411-082, January 2011. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Elisa Farri. "Shar Matin (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 411-083, January 2011. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Elisa Farri. "Shar Matin (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 411-084, January 2011. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Karen J. Watai. "Breaking Through Action Plan." Harvard Business School Exercise 409-059, November 2008. (Revised January 2011.) View Details
- Groysberg, Boris, David A. Thomas, and David Lane. "Sonoco Products Company (TN) (A), (B), and (C), and Sonoco Products Company (A) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 407-058, January 2007. (Revised June 2010.) View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Boris Groysberg. "Sonoco Products Company (A): Building a World-Class HR Organization (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 410-082, March 2010. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Stephanie Creary. "Meeting the Diversity Challenge at PepsiCo: The Steve Reinemund Era." Harvard Business School Case 410-024, August 2009. View Details
- Thomas, David A., Laura Morgan Roberts, and Stephanie Creary. "The Rise of President Barack Hussein Obama." Harvard Business School Case 409-115, June 2009. View Details
- Thomas, David A., Laura Morgan Roberts, and Stephanie Creary. "The Rise of President Barack Hussein Obama (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 409-134, June 2009. View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Mapping Your Network." Harvard Business School Exercise 409-129, May 2009. View Details
- Groysberg, Boris, David A. Thomas, and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld. Keeping Google "Googley" (Abridged). Harvard Business School Case 409-099, April 2009. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Stephanie Creary. "Creating The Partnership Solutions Group at Lehman Brothers." Harvard Business School Case 409-042, January 2009. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Lauren Barley. Adobe Systems: Working Towards a "Suite" Release (A). Harvard Business School Case 409-014, September 2008. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Lauren Barley. Adobe Systems: Working Towards a "Suite" Release (B). Harvard Business School Supplement 409-015, September 2008. View Details
- Groysberg, Boris, David A. Thomas, and David Lane. "Sonoco Products Co.: Interview with Cindy Hartley, video." Harvard Business School Video Supplement 407-704, March 2007. View Details
- Groysberg, Boris, David A. Thomas, and David Lane. "Sonoco Products Company (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 407-063, January 2007. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Ayesha Kanji. "Stanley O'Neal at Merrill Lynch (A)." Harvard Business School Case 405-029, August 2004. (Revised September 2005.) View Details
- Thomas, David A., Boris Groysberg, and Cate Reavis. "Sonoco Products Company (A): Building a World-Class HR Organization." Harvard Business School Case 405-009, October 2004. (Revised September 2005.) View Details
- Thomas, David A., Boris Groysberg, and Cate Reavis. "Sonoco Products Company (B): The Hybrid Model." Harvard Business School Supplement 405-010, October 2004. (Revised September 2005.) View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Elizabeth Fisher (A)." Harvard Business School Case 494-002, November 1993. (Revised December 2004.) View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Elizabeth Fisher (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 494-003, November 1993. (Revised December 2004.) View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Ayesha Kanji. "IBM's Diversity Strategy: Bridging the Workplace and the Marketplace." Harvard Business School Case 405-044, November 2004. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Ayesha Kanji. "Stanley O'Neal at Merrill Lynch (B)." Harvard Business School Case 405-030, August 2004. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Ayesha Kanji. "Gary Rodkin at Pepsi-Cola North America (TN) (A), (B), and (B) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 404-127, April 2004. View Details
- Thomas, David A., Gina Carioggia, and Ayesha Kanji. "Gary Rodkin at Pepsi-Cola North America (B)." Harvard Business School Case 403-108, November 2002. (Revised January 2004.) View Details
- Thomas, David A., Gina Carioggia, and Ayesha Kanji. "Gary Rodkin At Pepsi-Cola North America (B) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 403-109, November 2002. (Revised January 2004.) View Details
- Zuboff, Shoshana, David A. Thomas, and Monica C. Higgins. "SACD Final Paper Assignment." Harvard Business School Exercise 404-018, August 2003. View Details
- Thomas, David A., Gina Carioggia, and Ayesha Kanji. "Gary Rodkin at Pepsi-Cola North America (A)." Harvard Business School Case 403-080, October 2002. (Revised July 2003.) View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Star Distributors, Inc. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 493-015, August 1992. (Revised September 2002.) View Details
- Higgins, Monica C., David A. Thomas, and Shoshana Zuboff. "Career Choice-Making Case Assignment, The." Harvard Business School Exercise 403-054, August 2002. View Details
- Higgins, Monica C., David A. Thomas, and Shoshana Zuboff. "Written Interview Assignment, The." Harvard Business School Exercise 403-052, August 2002. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Gina Carioggia. "Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago's Mentoring Program, The (A)." Harvard Business School Case 403-019, July 2002. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Gina Carioggia. "Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago's Mentoring Program, The (B)." Harvard Business School Case 403-020, July 2002. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Stephanie L. Woerner. "Rob Waldron at SCORE! Educational Centers (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 401-018, October 2000. (Revised January 2002.) View Details
- Thomas, David A., Nancie Zane PHD, and Emily Heaphy. "Yvette Hyater-Adams and Terry Larsen at CoreStates Financial Corp." Harvard Business School Case 401-023, March 2001. View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Millennium Media, Inc. and John Voorenberg." Harvard Business School Case 400-032, August 1999. (Revised October 2000.) View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Leaving." Harvard Business School Case 400-033, August 1999. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Emily Heaphy. "Self-Assessment and Career Development, Instructor's Course Overview (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 498-072, April 1998. (Revised June 1998.) View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Emily Heaphy. "International Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator." Harvard Business School Background Note 498-038, October 1997. (Revised May 1998.) View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Emily Heaphy. "Development Relationships TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 498-071, May 1998. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Emily Heaphy. "Personality Types: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 498-069, March 1998. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Emily Heaphy. "The Job Search Workshop TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 498-070, March 1998. View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Star Distributors, Inc. (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 493-016, August 1992. (Revised February 1998.) View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Star Distributors, Inc. (A) and (B) TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 496-004, July 1995. (Revised February 1998.) View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Emily Heaphy. "Craig Parks (A),(B) TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 498-062, February 1998. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Emily Heaphy. "Bob Fifer TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 498-063, February 1998. View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Sumiko Ito TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 498-064, February 1998. View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Elizabeth Fisher (A), (B), (C) TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 498-065, February 1998. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Lisa J. Chadderdon. "Craig Parks (B)." Harvard Business School Case 497-014, September 1996. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Lisa J. Chadderdon. "Craig Parks (A)." Harvard Business School Case 497-013, July 1996. View Details
- Thomas, David A., and Doug Cohen. "Bob Fifer." Harvard Business School Case 495-013, September 1994. View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Elizabeth Fisher (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 494-004, November 1993. (Revised November 1993.) View Details
- Thomas, David A. "Sumiko Ito." Harvard Business School Case 493-011, April 1993. View Details
- Presentations
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- Hill, Andrew, and David Thomas. "Firm Performance, Top Management and Minority Hiring: African‐American Coaches in the NFL, 1970‐2007." Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Montreal, QC, August 01, 2010. View Details
- Awards & Honors
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Winner of the 2020 Axiom Business Book Award Gold Medal in the Women and Minorities in Business category for Race, Work, and Leadership: New Perspectives on the Black Experience (Harvard Business Review Press, 2019) with Laura Morgan Roberts and Anthony J. Mayo.Won with Robin J. Ely the 2007 Administrative Science Quarterly Award for Scholarly Contribution for their paper, "Cultural Diversity at Work: The Effects of Diversity Perspectives on Work Group Processes and Outcomes" (Administrative Science Quarterly, June 2001). The award was established in 1995 to recognize authors of papers published in ASQ that have made exceptional contributions to the field of organization studies and is given annually for the most significant paper published in ASQ five years earlier.
- Areas of Interest
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- careers
- diversity
- executive development
- leading change
- strategic human resources management
- corporate culture
- cross-functional integration
- education
- gender
- group dynamics
- leadership
- mergers and acquisitions
- organizational development
- organizational learning
- race and ethnicity
- relationships
- service management
- strategy implementation
- systems design
- top management teams
- biotechnology
- consulting
- consumer products
- education industry
- financial services
- media
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