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  • All HBS Web  (616)
    • People  (1)
    • News  (127)
    • Research  (399)
    • Events  (3)
    • Multimedia  (3)
  • Faculty Publications  (137)
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  • 2020
  • Article

Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?

By: Sonali K. Shah and Frank Nagle
In this essay, we explore how strategic management research and practice could benefit from considering the benefits and challenges obtainable through working with user communities. User communities represent a unique organizing structure for the exchange of ideas and... View Details
Keywords: User Communities; Innovation; Open Source; Collaboration; Cooperative Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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Shah, Sonali K., and Frank Nagle. "Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?" Special Issue on Open Innovation. Strategic Management Review 1, no. 2 (2020): 305–353.
  • 2012
  • Working Paper

When Do User Innovators Start Firms? A Theory of User Entrepreneurship

A rich and distinguished body of research has documented the importance of user innovations. For the most part, this literature has found that users innovate but do not commercialize their innovations. Instead, users benefit from using their innovations and allow... View Details
Keywords: Customers; Commercialization; Emerging Markets; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention
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Shah, Sonali, and Mary Tripsas. "When Do User Innovators Start Firms? A Theory of User Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-078, March 2012.
  • 17 Jun 2008
  • Conference Presentation

Economics of Collaborative User Innovation

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Keywords: Economics; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Economics of Collaborative User Innovation." Paper presented at the Conference on Open and Proprietary Innovation Regimes, June 17, 2008.
  • December 2017
  • Article

Is There a Doctor in the House? Expert Product Users, Organizational Roles, and Innovation

By: Riitta Katila, Sruthi Thatchenkery, Michael Christensen and Stefanos A. Zenios
We explore the impact on innovation that professional end-users of a product have as inventors, executives, and board members in a young firm. In contrast to prior literature, which has emphasized technology roles, we put the spotlight on the executive and governance... View Details
Keywords: Innovation; User Innovation; Healthcare; Innovation and Management; Entrepreneurship; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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Katila, Riitta, Sruthi Thatchenkery, Michael Christensen, and Stefanos A. Zenios. "Is There a Doctor in the House? Expert Product Users, Organizational Roles, and Innovation." Academy of Management Journal 60, no. 6 (December 2017): 2415–2437.
  • 2009
  • Working Paper

Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Eric von Hippel
In this paper we assess the economic viability of innovation by producers relative to two increasingly important alternative models: innovations by single user individuals or firms, and open collaborative innovation projects. We analyze the design costs and... View Details
Keywords: Cost; Policy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Independent Innovation and Invention; Intellectual Property; Rights; Welfare
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Eric von Hippel. "Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-038, November 2009.
  • 8 Jul 2013
  • Lecture

Modularity and Open and User Innovation

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Modularity and Open and User Innovation." Lecture at the Trento Summer School, Cognitive and Experimental Economics Laboratory (CEEL) and Università degli studi di Trento, Trento, Italy, July 8, 2013.
  • 01 Dec 2009
  • Working Paper Summaries

Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation

Keywords: by Carliss Y. Baldwin & Eric von Hippel
  • 11 Jan 2007
  • Conference Presentation

How User Innovations become Commercial Products

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Eric von Hippel
Keywords: Innovation and Invention
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Eric von Hippel. "How User Innovations become Commercial Products." Paper presented at the HBS Technology and Operations Management Seminar, Boston, MA, January 11, 2007.
  • November – December 2011
  • Article

Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation

By: Carliss Baldwin and Eric von Hippel
In this paper, we assess the economic viability of innovation by producers relative to two increasingly important alternative models: innovations by single-user individuals or firms and open collaborative innovation. We analyze the design costs and architectures and... View Details
Keywords: Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Design; Cost; Communication; Competition; Economy; Research; Policy; Practice
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Baldwin, Carliss, and Eric von Hippel. "Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation." Organization Science 22, no. 6 (November–December 2011): 1399–1417.
  • 2011 - 2011
  • Keynote Speech

Business Ecosystems and Open and User Innovation

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Keywords: Business Ventures; Innovation and Invention
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Business Ecosystems and Open and User Innovation." Open and User Innovation Workshop, Vienna, Austria, 2011.
  • 01 May 2010
  • Conference Presentation

Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Innovation

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Change
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Innovation." Paper presented at the User and Open Innovation: How Should Intellectual Property Law Respond?, St. Helena, CA, May 01, 2010.
  • 01 Sep 2009
  • Conference Presentation

Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Innovation

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Eric von Hippel
Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Change
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Eric von Hippel. "Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Innovation." Paper presented at the MIT-Harvard Economic Sociology Seminar, September 01, 2009.
  • 01 Jun 2010
  • Conference Presentation

Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Innovation

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Change
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Innovation." Paper presented at the DRUID Summer Conference, London, June 01, 2010.
  • 15 Dec 2020
  • Working Paper Summaries

Biased Sampling of Early Users and the Direction of Startup Innovation

Keywords: by Ruiqing Cao, Rembrand Koning, and Ramana Nanda
  • 24 Jul 2006
  • Research & Ideas

How Kayak Users Built a New Industry

kayaking was a wonderful example of how "user innovations" evolve and eventually become commercial products. Hienerth is a professor at Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, while von Hippel is a professor at MIT Sloan School of... View Details
Keywords: by Sean Silverthorne; Entertainment & Recreation
  • 21 Jul 2019
  • Working Paper Summaries

Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?

Keywords: by Sonali K. Shah and Frank Nagle
  • 20 Mar 2017
  • Book

Why Companies Are Placing Users at the Core of Their Innovation Strategies

Many in business long believed that product innovation sprung from inside their own companies—that is, until economist Eric Arthur von Hippel came along in the late 1970s. Von Hippel proposed that users were... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
  • 2006
  • Working Paper

How User Innovations Become Commercial Products: A Theoretical Investigation and Case Study

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin, Christopher Hienerth and Eric Von Hippel
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., Christopher Hienerth, and Eric Von Hippel. "How User Innovations Become Commercial Products: A Theoretical Investigation and Case Study." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 06-032, February 2006.
  • 2019
  • Working Paper

Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?

By: Sonali K. Shah and Frank Nagle
User communities represent a unique organizing structure for the exchange of ideas and knowledge. They are organizations composed primarily of users working collaboratively, voluntarily, and with minimal oversight to freely and openly develop and exchange knowledge... View Details
Keywords: Strategic Management; Knowledge Sharing; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Organizations; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Strategy
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Shah, Sonali K., and Frank Nagle. "Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-126, June 2019.
  • December 2006
  • Article

How User Innovations Become Commercial Products: A Theoretical Investigation and a Case Study

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin, Christoph Hienerth and Eric von Hippel
Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Product; Theory; Information
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., Christoph Hienerth, and Eric von Hippel. "How User Innovations Become Commercial Products: A Theoretical Investigation and a Case Study." Research Policy 35, no. 9 (December 2006).
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