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All HBS Web
(530)
- News (68)
- Research (407)
- Events (6)
- Multimedia (1)
- Faculty Publications (139)
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- 2021
- Working Paper
Technology Differentiation and Firm Performance
By: Sam Arts, Bruno Cassiman and Jianan Hou
Prior work has extensively studied how investing in R&D and building a technology portfolio relate to superior firm performance. However, the value of a firm’s technology portfolio should also be driven by the degree to which it is more unique and technologically...
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Keywords:
Technology Portfolio;
Differentiation;
Competitiveness;
Organizations;
Technology;
Performance;
United States
Arts, Sam, Bruno Cassiman, and Jianan Hou. "Technology Differentiation and Firm Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-040, December 2021.
- May 1998
- Article
Market Structure, Innovation and Vertical Product Differentiation
By: Shane Greenstein and Garey Ramey
We reassess Arrow's (1962) [Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention, in NBER, The Rate and Direction of Innovative Activity (Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ)] results concerning the effect of market structure on the returns from process...
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Greenstein, Shane, and Garey Ramey. "Market Structure, Innovation and Vertical Product Differentiation." International Journal of Industrial Organization 16, no. 3 (May 1998): 285–311.
- Article
Information or Opinion? Media Bias as Product Differentiation
By: Bharat Anand, Rafael Di Tella and Alexander Galetovic
Anand, Bharat, Rafael Di Tella, and Alexander Galetovic. "Information or Opinion? Media Bias as Product Differentiation." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 16, no. 3 (Fall 2007): 635–682.
- Article
Product Positioning in a Two-Dimensional Vertical Differentiation Model: The Role of Quality Costs
By: Dominique Lauga and Elie Ofek
We study a duopoly model where consumers are heterogeneous with respect to their willingness to pay for two product characteristics and marginal costs are increasing with the quality level chosen on each attribute. We show that while firms seek to manage competition...
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Keywords:
Duopoly and Oligopoly;
Customers;
Quality;
Product Positioning;
Competition;
Management;
Cost;
Product
Lauga, Dominique, and Elie Ofek. "Product Positioning in a Two-Dimensional Vertical Differentiation Model: The Role of Quality Costs." Marketing Science 30, no. 5 (September–October 2011).
- 28 May 2009
- Working Paper Summaries
Monopolistic Competition Between Differentiated Products With Demand For More Than One Variety
- June 2018 (Revised January 2020)
- Case
Sony
By: Stefan Thomke, Atsushi Osanai and Akiko Kanno
Sony used to be synonymous with "innovation" and "cool products." The case reveals how the company lost its edge and describes the leadership initiatives to restore its former glory. In 2012, Kazuo (Kaz) Hirai becomes CEO and successfully transforms Sony, including a...
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- 2023
- Working Paper
Crowding in Private Quality: The Equilibrium Effects of Public Spending in Education
By: Tahir Andrabi, Natalie Bau, Jishnu Das, Asim Ijaz Khwaja and Naureen Karachiwalla
We estimate the equilibrium effects of a public-school grant program administered through school councils in Pakistani villages with multiple public and private schools and clearly defined catchment boundaries. The program was randomized at the village-level, allowing...
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Andrabi, Tahir, Natalie Bau, Jishnu Das, Asim Ijaz Khwaja, and Naureen Karachiwalla. "Crowding in Private Quality: The Equilibrium Effects of Public Spending in Education." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30929, February 2023.
- January 1990 (Revised November 1992)
- Case
Competition and Product Variety
Examines the choice of optimal product positioning in a differentiated goods market.
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Brandenburger, Adam M., and Vijay Krishna. "Competition and Product Variety." Harvard Business School Case 190-100, January 1990. (Revised November 1992.)
- 2021
- Working Paper
Competitive Two-Part Tariffs
By: Jorge Tamayo and Guofu Tan
We study competitive two-part tariffs in a model of asymmetric duopoly firms that offer (vertically and horizontally) differentiated products. We show that the sign of the markup for each product depends on the average expected demand among all customers as well as the...
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Keywords:
Product Differentiation;
Two-part Tariffs;
Marginal-cost Pricing;
Cross-subsidization;
Competition;
Price
Tamayo, Jorge, and Guofu Tan. "Competitive Two-Part Tariffs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-089, March 2021. (R&R American Economic Journal: Microeconomics.)
- Article
Strategic Orientations in a Competitive Context: The Role of Strategic Orientation Differentiation
By: Rohit Deshpandé, Amir Grinstein and Elie Ofek
Strategic orientation studies often provide 'best practice prescriptions' for firms in a given context—matching orientations to environmental conditions. While this perspective has value, empirical results are equivocal, and an important reality has been overlooked:...
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Deshpandé, Rohit, Amir Grinstein, and Elie Ofek. "Strategic Orientations in a Competitive Context: The Role of Strategic Orientation Differentiation." Marketing Letters 23, no. 3 (September 2012): 629–643.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Ratcheting, Competition, and the Diffusion of Technological Change: The Case of Televisions Under an Energy Efficiency Program
By: Tomomichi Amano and Hiroshi Ohashi
In differentiated goods markets with societal implications, quality standards are commonly implemented to avoid the under-provision of innovation. Firms have clear incentives to engage in strategic behavior because policymakers use market outcomes as a benchmark in...
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Keywords:
Product Differentiation;
Energy Efficiency Standards;
Ratcheting;
Diffusion Of Innovation;
Technological Innovation;
Competition;
Quality;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Policy
Amano, Tomomichi, and Hiroshi Ohashi. "Ratcheting, Competition, and the Diffusion of Technological Change: The Case of Televisions Under an Energy Efficiency Program." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-021, September 2018.
- March 2021
- Article
Targeted Price Controls on Supermarket Products
By: Alberto Cavallo and Diego Aparicio
We study the impact of targeted price controls for supermarket products in Argentina from 2007 to 2015. Using web scraping, we collected daily prices for controlled and non-controlled goods and measured the differential effects on inflation, product availability, and...
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Keywords:
Prices;
Controls;
Price Dispersion;
Economics;
Price;
Cost Management;
Goods and Commodities;
Retail Industry;
Argentina
Cavallo, Alberto, and Diego Aparicio. "Targeted Price Controls on Supermarket Products." Review of Economics and Statistics 103, no. 1 (March 2021): 60–71.
- April 2009
- Journal Article
Perspectives on the Productivity Dilemma
By: Paul S. Adler, Mary Benner, David James Brunner, John Paul MacDuffie, Emi Osono, Bradley R. Staats, Hirotaka Takeuchi, Michael Tushman and Sidney G. Winter
For more than a century, operations researchers have recognized that organizations can increase efficiency by adhering strictly to proven process templates, thereby rendering operations more stable and predictable. For several decades, researchers have also recognized...
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Keywords:
Learning;
Innovation and Invention;
Knowledge Use and Leverage;
Operations;
Business Processes;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Performance Efficiency;
Performance Improvement;
Performance Productivity;
Adaptation
Adler, Paul S., Mary Benner, David James Brunner, John Paul MacDuffie, Emi Osono, Bradley R. Staats, Hirotaka Takeuchi, Michael Tushman, and Sidney G. Winter. "Perspectives on the Productivity Dilemma." Journal of Operations Management 27, no. 2 (April 2009): 99–113.
- March 2013
- Case
An Entrepreneur's New Product Development Journey
By: Elie Ofek
This case tracks the new product development process undertaken by Gauri Nanda, the founder and CEO of Nanda Home, as she ventures to innovate beyond her initial product launches. Having achieved commercial success with her first product Clocky, a roll away alarm clock...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurship;
Decision Making;
Product Development;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry
Ofek, Elie. "An Entrepreneur's New Product Development Journey." Harvard Business School Case 513-098, March 2013.
- May 2012
- Background Note
Innovation Magic
By: Stefan Thomke and Jason Randal
Why do certain product and service experiences seem like magic, making them all but destined for success, while other items languish on store shelves? For a better understanding of that, perhaps there's no better place to turn to than the world of magic. Consider that...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Product Differentiation;
Experimentation;
Personal Strategy & Style;
Innovation and Invention;
Creativity;
Service Operations;
Product;
Customer Satisfaction
Thomke, Stefan, and Jason Randal. "Innovation Magic." Harvard Business School Background Note 612-099, May 2012.
- 14 Dec 2007
- Op-Ed
When Your Product Becomes a Commodity
exceeding the new specifications. Bundle. Selling a commoditized product with differentiated ancillary services (such as after-sales service) can appeal to buyers willing to pay a premium for the...
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Keywords:
by John Quelch
- 2014
- Other Teaching and Training Material
Marketing Reading: Brand Positioning
By: Jill Avery and Sunil Gupta
This Reading addresses the principles of brand positioning and demonstrates how companies can strategically craft powerful, resonant, and unique brand positions to help products stand out amidst the cacophony of the marketplace. Strategic brand positioning provides...
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Keywords:
Brand Positioning;
Branding;
Consumer Research;
Defensive Strategies;
Market Positioning;
Marketing;
Product Differentiation;
Product Positioning;
Strategic Positioning;
Value Proposition;
Customer Relationship Management;
Organizational Structure;
Customer Satisfaction;
Brands and Branding
Avery, Jill, and Sunil Gupta. "Marketing Reading: Brand Positioning." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing 8197, 2014.
- June 2017
- Case
AKB48: Going Global? (A)
By: Juan Alcácer, Kotaro Sasamoto, Tee Chayakul and Mayuka Yamazaki
After a remarkable success in Japan, the producer of the Japanese female singing group AKB48 evaluates market opportunities overseas for his artistic creation. This case introduces the business model behind the AKB48 concept and allows students to identify what...
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Keywords:
Brand Building;
Brand Extension;
Culture-based Products;
Global Products;
Differentiation;
Intellectual Property;
International Business;
Local Products;
Strategy;
Value Capture;
Market Entry and Exit;
Music Entertainment;
Business Model;
Global Strategy;
Global Range;
Brands and Branding;
Value Creation;
Expansion;
Music Industry;
Japan;
China;
Indonesia;
Taiwan;
Philippines;
Thailand;
South Korea
Alcácer, Juan, Kotaro Sasamoto, Tee Chayakul, and Mayuka Yamazaki. "AKB48: Going Global? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 717-445, June 2017.
Impact of Online Consumer Reviews on Sales: The Moderating Role of Product and Consumer Characteristics
This article examines how product and consumer characteristics moderate the influence of online consumer reviews on product sales using data from the video game industry. The findings indicate that online reviews are more influential for less popular games and...
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- September 2017 (Revised September 2023)
- Case
Chase Sapphire: Creating a Millennial Cult Brand
By: Shelle Santana, Jill Avery and Christine Snively
The launch of the Chase Sapphire Reserve credit card was enthusiastically received by millennial consumers, a cohort that had previously eluded JPMorgan Chase and its competitors. With the one-year anniversary of the launch approaching, managers are focused on...
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Keywords:
Brand & Product Management;
Product Strategy;
New Product Development;
Credit Card;
Customer Acquisition;
CRM;
Millennials;
Marketing;
Marketing Strategy;
Brands and Branding;
Credit Cards;
Product Development;
Product Launch;
Customer Relationship Management;
Consumer Behavior;
Demographics;
Financial Services Industry;
Service Industry;
Banking Industry;
United States;
North America
Santana, Shelle, Jill Avery, and Christine Snively. "Chase Sapphire: Creating a Millennial Cult Brand." Harvard Business School Case 518-024, September 2017. (Revised September 2023.)